Nutrition In optimal Health (1).pptx
- 1. Nutrition in Health & Immuno Health Dr.R.Kalavathy Head of Nutrition Dept.,RAK, Adjunct Associate Professor GMU
- 2. Good food and key nutrients are essential to life and health. In our changing world, an emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention through reducing health risks has become our primary health goal. The importance of a balanced diet in meeting this health goal through the functioning of its competent nutrients is fundamental. Food guides that help persons plan such a healthy diet include the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs),the basic Food Guide Pyramide,and the U.S dietary guidelines.
- 3. Health A state of optimal well- being physical,mental,and social; relative freedom from disease or disability. Health promotion A major component of health promotion is optimal personal and community nutrition. Nutrition The sum of the processes involved in taking in nutrients, assimilating and using them to maintain body tissue and provide energy; a foundation for life and health. Food and nutrient guides help us plan a balanced diet according to individual needs and goals. Nutritional science The body of science, developed through controlled research, that relates to the process involved in nutrition international,community,and clinical.
- 4. Dietetics Management of diet and the use of food; the science concerned with the nutritional planning and preparation of foods. Registered dietitian (RD) A professional dietitian, accredited with an academic degree course from university or a graduate study program and having passed required registration examinations administered by the American Dietetic Association
- 5. The preventive approach to health involves identifying risk factors increase an individual’s chances of developing a particular health problem. Knowing these factors, individuals can then make behavior choices that will prevent or minimize their risk of disease. On the other hand, the traditional approach to health attempt change only when symptoms of illness or disease already exist. Then ill persons seek out a physician to diagnose, treat and “cure’’ the condition. This approach has little value for lifelong positive health
- 6. Food and health. Food has always been one of the necessities of life .Many people, however, are concerned only with food that relieves their hunger or satisfies their appetites but are not concerned with whether it supplies their bodies with all the components of good nutrition.
- 7. The health care team core practitioners physician, clinical nutritionist, and nurse are all aware of the important part that food plays in maintaining good health and recovery from illness. Chronic ill health in patients requires checking food habits as possible contributing factors.Thus,assessing the patient’s nutritional status and identifying nutritional needs are primary activities in planning care.
- 8. Sign of good nutrition. Evidence of good nutrition is a well-developed body, ideal weight for body composition (ratio of muscle mass to fat) and height, and good muscle development and tone. The skin is smooth and clear, the hair glossy, and the eyes clear and bright. Posture is good and the facial expression alert. Appetite digestion, and elimination are normal. Well nourished people are much more likely to be alert, both mentally and physically, and to have a positive outlook on life. They are also more able to resist infectious disease than are under nourished people. Proper diet not only creates healthier people but also extends their years of normal functioning.
- 9. Nutrients • Carbohydrates • Protein • Fat • Vitamins • Minerals Food Groups • Starch • Milk • Meat • Fruits • Vegetables • Fats
- 10. Energy Sources Carbohydrates. Dietary carbohydrates such as starches and sugars provide the body’s primary source of fuel for heat and energy . They also maintain the body’s back-up store of quick energy as glycogen, sometimes called “ animal starch". Human energy is measured in heat units called kilocalories, abbreviated kcalorie or kcal.Each gram of carbohydrate consumed yields 4 kilocalories(kcalories or kcal)of body energy. This number is called the “ fuel factor” for carbohydrates. In a well- balances diet, carbohydrate should provide about 55% to 60% of total calories.
- 11. Fats. Dietary fats, from both animal and plant sources, provide the body’s secondary, or storage, form of heat and energy . It is a more concentrated form of energy, yielding 9 kcal for each gram consumed. Thus its fuel factor is 9. In a well-balanced diet, fats should provide no more than 25% to 30% of the total kcalories,with the majority of this amount, approximately two thirds, being unsaturated fats from plant sources.
- 12. The body may draw on dietary or tissue protein to obtain needed energy when the supply of fuel from carbohydrate and fats is insufficient. When this occurs, protein can yield 4 kcal/g, making its fuel factor 4. In a well- balanced diet ,quality protein should provide about 15% to 20% of the total Kcalories. Thus, though protein’s primary function is tissue building, some of it may be available for energy as needed. The primary function of protein is tissue building. Dietary protein provides amino acids, the building units necessary for constructing and preparing body tissues. This is a constant process that ensures growth and maintenance of a strong body structure and vital substances for its tissue functions. Protein.
- 13. Other nutrients. Several other nutrients that contribute to building and maintaining tissues Minerals. Many minerals also serve as coenzymes factors with cell enzymes in metabolism The human body requires a variety of minerals in different amounts to do numerous metabolic tasks. A mixed diet of varied food And adequate energy value provides our best source of needed minerals for health, with individual supplements according to specific age and growth needs or clinical requirements. Of the total amount of mineral a person consumes, only a relatively limited amount is available to the body.
- 14. Major minerals. Elements are referred to as major minerals not because they are more important, but simply because they occur in larger amounts in the body. These seven major minerals are: Calcium Phosphorus sodium Potassium Magnesium Chlorine Sulfur
- 15. Trace elements. The remaining 18 elements make up the group of trace elements. These minerals are not less important, but they occur in very small traces or amount in the body. The group of elements, also called micronutrients, that are required by the body in smaller amounts of less than 100 mg/day. These ten trace in the body are: Iron Iodine Zinc Copper manganese chromium Cobalt Selenium Molybdenum Fluoride
- 16. Vitamins. Many vitamins function as coenzyme factors, components of cell enzymes, in governing chemical reactions in cell metabolism. Vitamins are non-caloric essential nutrients, necessary in very small amounts for specific metabolic control and disease prevention Certain health problems are related inadequate or excessive vitamin intake. Vitamins occur in a wide variety of foods, packaged with the energy and tissue building macronutrients) carbohydrate,fat,protein)on which they work as specific catalyst to regulate body metabolism. Vitamin supplementation needs are individual and specific.
- 17. Fat- Soluble Vitamin Retinol (Vitamin A) Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D) Tocopherol (Vitamin E) Vitamin K Water-Soluble Vitamins Ascorbic Acid(Vitamin C) B- Complex Vitamins Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Pyridoxine Pantothenic acid Biotin Folate(Folic acid) Cobalamin
- 18. Fatty acids. Fatty acids derived from fat metabolism help build the central fat substance of cell; walls, which promotes transport of fat- soluble materials across the cell wall. Dietary Fiber helps regulate the passage of food material through the gastrointestinal tract and influences absorption of various nutrients. Water and fiber also function as regulatory agents. in fact, water is the fundamental agent for life itself ,providing the essential base for all metabolic processes.
- 19. GOOD NUTRITION Optimal nutrition Optimal or good nutrition, then,means that a person receive and uses substances that are obtained from a varied diet containing carbohydrates,fats,proteins,certain minerals,vitamins,water,and dietary fiber in optimal amounts. Under nutrition Dietary surveys have shown that approximately one third of the U.S.population lives on diets below the optimal level. this does not necessarily mean that these Americans are undernourished. Some persons can maintain health on somewhat less than the optimal amounts of various nutrients in a state of borderline nutrition. On the average,however,a person receiving less than desired amounts has greater risk of physical illness than a person receiving the appropriate amount.
- 20. Malnutrition Signs of more serious malnutrition appear when nutritional reserves are depleted and nutrient and energy intake is not sufficient to meet day to day needs or added metabolic stress. Many malnourished people live in conditions of poverty. Over nutrition Some persons may be in a state of overnutrition that results from excess nutrient and energy intake over time. In a sense,overnutrition can be another form of malnutrition, especially when excess caloric intake produces gross harmful body weight morbid obesity.
- 21. Food energy is changed into body energy and cycled throughout the body to do its work The body uses the major portion of its energy intake for basal metabolic work needs. A balance between food energy intake and body work energy output maintains life and health States of underweight and overweight reflect degrees of body energy imbalance.
- 22. U.S standards: Recommended Dietary Allowances. Other standards. Canadian and British standards are similar to the U.S standard.
- 23. Food Guides Basic food groups guide. Over the past few decades, a basic food groups guide has been maintained by the U.S>department of Agriculture as a general food guide for planning a well- balanced diet. Previous editions of the USDA Basic Four Food Groups have had limitations in relation to rapid changes in food processing,marketing,or current publish health concerns.However,the improved revised edition in five basic food groups is especially striking as its visual proportional representation in the Food Guide Pyramid.
- 26. The Guide to Daily Food Choices Food Group Serving Major Contribution Foods and serving sizes* Bread, cereals rice, pasta 6-11 Starch ,Thiamin,Riboflavin,Iron,Naicin,Fo late,Magnesium,fiber,zinc 1 Slice of bread 1 oz ready to eat cereal 1/2- ¾ cup cooked cereal, rice pasta Vegetable 3-5 Vitamin A ,Vitamin C, Folate,Magnesium,fiber ½ cup raw or cooked vegetables ½ cup leafy vegetables Fruits 2-4 Vitamin C Fiber ¼ cup dried fruit ½ cup cooked fruit ½ cup juice 1 whole pc of fruit 1 melon wedge Milk, yogurt, cheese 2 (adults) 3 (children) Young adults, pregnant or lactating women) Calcium Riboflavin Protein Potassium Zinc 1 cup milk 1 ½ oz cheese 2 oz processed cheese 2 cup cottage cheese 1 cup custard/pudding 1 ½ cups ice cream Meat, poultry, fish, dry beans 2-3 Protein Niacin Iron, Vitamin B6,Zinc, Thiamin Vitamin B 12 2-3 cooked meat,poultry,fish,1-1 ½ cups cooked dry beans 4T peanut butter 2 eggs 1/1 cup nuts Fat, oil, sweets Foods from this group should not replace any from the other groups, Amounts consumed should be determined by individual energy needs.
- 27. Eat a variety foods Maintain healthy weight Choose a diet low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol Choose a diet with plenty of vegetables,fruits,and grain products Use sugars only in moderation Use salt and sodium only in moderation If you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation
- 30. How would you define ✦ Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. ✦ In other words, just because you feel okay doesn't mean you are okay!
- 32. • What are the benefits of healthy eating and active living? ✦ Promotes healthy weight ✦ Sports performance ✦ Keeps you healthy ✦ Prevents diseases ✦ Dental health ✦ Sleep better ✦ Increase self-esteem & self-confidence ✦ Decrease depression & anxiety
- 33. Top 10 Causes of Death ✦ Heart Disease ✦ Cancer ✦ Lung Disease ✦ Stroke ✦ Accidents ✦Alzheimer's Disease ✦Diabetes ✦Kidney Disease ✦Influenza/ Pneumonia ✦Suicide
- 34. THANKYOU