Olivier opening(2011)
- 1. Opening Access to research : an African perspective Elsabé Olivier Presented at the ICT in Higher Education Conference, 25 October, Johannesburg
- 2. Contents Research in Africa Access to information Institutional repositories Open Access Journals Copyright issues International collaboration
- 3. Research in Africa South Africa is responsible for • 79% of the publications • 0.55% of the world’s literature • India produces 2.94% of the world’s literature Africa • Is least able to pay for access to information • Will benefit greatly from Open Access
- 4. Worldmap according to poverty http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=179
- 5. Worldmap according to Science research http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=205
- 6. Internet has changed our lives… Internet has brought about phenomenal changes Communication Management of tasks such as reservation of flights, movies, banking Information at your fingertips…or not?
- 7. Paying for online access… E35/R378/$49 E13/R149/$19- one day
- 8. The costs of the “Big deal”/online access Big Deal is an online aggregation of journals that publishers offer as a one-price, one size fits all package (Frazier 2001) Libraries gain electronic access from large publishers in the form of bundled journals & licenses Problem? Contract are inflexible and varies Libraries are struggling with price increases Libraries are paying different prices for same subscriptions Result : libraries are considering cancelling contracts
- 9. British research Libraries say No! 22 July 2011: Unless Elsevier & Wiley agree to reductions, Research Libraries UK will not sign the Big Deal. http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/british-research-libraries-say-no-to-big-deal-serials-packages/32371
- 10. The demise of the Big Deal Reasons: • Global financial crisis • Rise of the Open Access movement http://poynder.blogspot.com/2011/03/demise-of-big-deal.html
- 11. So, what is Open Access? The opinion of an expert: Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. What makes it possible is the internet and the consent of the author or copyright-holder. It is compatible with peer-review Open Access literature is not free to produce and the business models for paying the bills depend on how OA is delivered Peter Suber http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm
- 12. What is the Open Access movement? The Open Access movement is A global movement in academia Dedicated to sharing information for the common good Of importance to researchers, academics, librarians, funding agencies, government officials, publishers Open Access can be achieved by: Open Access archives or repositories (green route) Open Access journals (gold route)
- 13. Open Access map http://www.openaccessmap.org/
- 14. Open Access archives/repositories (green route) Archives/repositories Belong to an institution (universities, disciplines such as Physics, Economics Supplement publishing, it is not a substitution Do not perform peer review Internet users can easily find content, if repositories comply with the metadata harvesting protocol of the Open Archives Initiative Make scholarly content globally available A repository is a “critically important tool for managing a university’s image and impact on a global scale” (Alma Swan 2011)
- 15. Content of Open Access repositories Journal articles Preprints Postprints Final publisher’s version Scanned versions of formerly print only journals, such as HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies Theses and dissertations Other material – grey material Datasets for the future
- 16. OpenDOAR : Directory of Open Access Repositories More than 2000 repositories, 50 in Africa, 24 in South Africa. http://opendoar.org/
- 17. ROAR : Registry of Open Access Repositories Lists a total of 300 open access mandate policies! http://roar.eprints.org/
- 18. University of Pretoria and Open Access University of Pretoria embraces Open Access movement it enhances the visibility and impact of an institution and its authors supports Open Access to research for all researchers worldwide takes responsibility for the dissemination of its research outputs realizes the value of archiving the staff and students’ research outputs in a repository thereby enabling global usage
- 19. Benefits of repositories Alma Swan (Swan 2011) identified the following benefits for institutions: It opens up the institution’s output for the whole world Maximizes the visibility and impact of these outputs Showcases the output to prospective staff, students, funders and other stakeholders Collects, curates and preserves the institution’s intellectual output Manages and measures research
- 20. UPSpace Collection of UP scholarly research articles – 6501 items. Mandatory policy since 2009. http://repository.up.ac.za/
- 21. UPeTD Most used repository in Africa! Current total is 6758 items. http://upetd.up.ac.za/UPeTD.htm
- 22. Faculty support : Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtOEdQaaKRQ
- 23. Open Access Journals (gold route) Research articles are peer reviewed and contents are made freely available Business model Some journals receive subsidy from hosting university/professional society Some require processing fees from authors Major Open Access publishers BioMed Central Hindawi AOSIS
- 24. DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals More than 7000 journals! http://www.doaj.org/
- 25. Accredited Open Access Journal list – hosted by the University of Pretoria http://www.library.up.ac.za/aoajsa.htm
- 26. Copyright Open Access archives or repositories (green route) Traditionally authors sign Copyright Transfer Agreement Authors retain certain rights to re-use SHERPA/RoMEO website 64% of 1022 publishers allow some form of self-archiving (36%) not 8% allows archiving of the pre-print 30% allows archiving of the post-print 26% allows archiving of the pre-print and post-print Open Access journals (gold route) Creative Commons licenses Creator of the work is acknowledged Ensures re-use
- 27. SHERPA/RoMEO Check your journal’s archiving policy http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
- 29. What can universities & administrators do? Adopt an Open Access policy Open-Access repository Theses & dissertations Encourage researchers to self-archive their research articles Encourage researchers to maintain copyright or retain the right to self-archive Encourage the publication in Open Access journals Provide financial support for Open Access journal publication Journals hosted by your university should be made Open Access Conference proceedings of your university should be Open Access
- 30. National & International collaboration – Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) South Africa’s database which provides wider impact, visibility & So access to quality journals. http://www.scielo.org.za/
- 31. National & International collaboration – UNESCO UNESCO started programme mid-2010 & pays attention to Africa So and developing countries by presenting regional African workshops.
- 32. National & International collaboration – EIFL EIFL is an international non- profit organization enabling access to knowledge in So developing countries by awareness-raising events & workshops.
- 33. African Journal Archive – retrospective OA project of full-text to African journals http://www.sabinet.co.za/?page=african-journal-archive
- 34. Conclusion Readership of African research is reduced due to excessively expensive online subscriptions Open Access provides a solution to make research articles freely accessible online “OA is a vital means of dissemination of information which is crucial for national development and in achieving MDGs, given the crucial role that information plays in achieving social, economic, cultural and political development.” Professor Frank Youngman, DVC, University of Botswana BUT, we need the buy-in of everybody on the continent to change the face of African research
- 35. References 1. Dlamini, H 2011 “UNESCO’s Open Access (OA) Strategy” http://www.slideshare.net/BioMedCentral/unescos-open-access-strategy 2. Frazier, K 2001 “The librarians dilemma”, D-Lib Magazine, vol. 7, no. 3. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march01/frazier/03frazier.html 3. Open Access Movement, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Access_movement 4. Pool, R 2010 “Big-deal packages squeeze recession-hit libraries”, Research Information, June/July. http://www.researchinformation.info/features/feature.php?feature_id=269 5. Pouris, A 2010 “'A scientometric assessment of the Southern Africa Development Community : science in the tip of Africa', Scientometrics, vol. 85, no 1, pp. 145-154. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/14657 6. Poynder, R 2011 “The demise of the Big deal?”, Open and Shut?, March 14, http://poynder.blogspot.com/2011/03/demise-of-big-deal.html 7. Swan, A. 2011. Business issues for institutional repositories: a briefing paper. OASIS, available at: http://www.openscholarship.org/upload/docs/application/pdf/2009- 09/business_issues_for_irs.pdf 8. What universities and administrators can do to promote Open Access, http://api.ning.com/files/eCaaveOCUKkaZKIserrmeINSAzUoFE9lJtNV*N5lD8lDVBTnIKVMzfXuB 3gS7cm6SONOekb7otpJzULpOp0ZotSK-Il8bCIK/WhatUniversitiesandAdminCanDo.pdf
- 36. Thank you! Questions? Elsabé Olivier [email protected] The presentation is licensed with Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License