Operation of Sensor Nodes for Smart Farming and Data Networking using Wireless Sensor Network

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1529
“OPERATION OF SENSOR NODES FOR SMART FARMING AND DATA
NETWORKING USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK”
1Priyanka A B, 2Vidya Honguntikar
Telecommunication Department, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract— Wireless Sensor Networks due to their enormous
vicinity of appliance being worn in contemporary delve into
areas. In farming turf resembling Greenhouses, various
Climatic Condition Parametersareindispensabletomonitored
for instruction of reap fabrication. This paper is obtainable to
formulate the computerization structure to mark out the
confined climatic stipulation parameters (like CO2,
Temperature, and Humidity) at singular locations. Wireless
Sensor Networks (WSN) does this occupation to mechanize
and scrutinize the consequent parameters. The future scopeis
to develop the Web Application, Smartphone Application and
Sensor Network by means of Zigbee Devices, Beagle Bone
Controller and an assortment of Sensors. Wireless monitoring
of turf not just allows client to condense the human
supremacy, but it also allows user to perceive precise changes
in it. It focuses on emergent devices and apparatus to deal
with display and alert the users by means of therecompenseof
a wireless sensor network system. A smart structure based on
meticulousness agriculture would overlay the line of attackto
an innovative insurrection in agriculture. The client can
scrutinize the agriculture atmosphere from a secluded
location, thus providing a greenhouse condition for the
vegetation.
Keywords —Arduino board, sensor nodes, sink node, soil
moisture sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor,
pump drivers, light sensor.
1. INTRODUCTION
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is nowadays used inboard
locale of applications such as industrial monitoring,
healthcare application, home automation andtraffic control.
The accomplishment of wireless sensor network does not
only concentrate on the applications mentioned. Farmers
can take advantage of the development of technology.
Intellectual farming is now implemented to monitor the
grade of the pasture environment. The parameters that are
monitored in the greenhouse are temperature, relative
humidity, light intensity and others that have effecting the
quality of produce. One feature that affect the excellence of
crops is the content of water in the soil, also called soil
moisture. It is a foremost components of the soil
comparative to plant growth. If the soil moisture is most
advantageous for plant growth, plants can willingly suck up
water. Irrigation schedule is considered necessary to meet
the ever-increasing the insist of food. Soil moisture can be
categorized based on the volumetric watercontent.This will
settle on the saturation on level of the soil. Contemporary
intelligent agriculture uses wireless transmission. One
crucial apprehension on wireless transmission is the power
expenditure. The difficulty with other wireless transceiver
like Zigbee and Bluetooth is the power consumption.
As the range of the transmission becomes longer, the
element desires more power to transmit the data.Another
deliberation is also the cost of the system. This equipment
will apparatus a low power 2.4 GHz wireless transceiver for
soil moisture monitoring and irrigation scheduling in
agricultural greenhouse. The WSN is build of "nodes" – from
a few to numerous hundreds or even thousands, where
apiece node is associated to one (or sometimes several)
sensors .The more modern networks are bi-directional, also
enabling control of sensor activity. The development of
wireless sensor networks was motivated by military
applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such
networks are used in many industrial and consumer
applications, such as industrial process monitoring and
control, machine health monitoring, and so on.
Each such sensor network node has typically several parts:
a radio transceiver withaninternal antenna orconnectionto
an external antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit
for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source,
usually a battery or an embedded formof energyharvesting.
A sensor node might vary in size from that of a shoebox
down to the size of a grain of dust, although functioning
"motes" of unadulterated microscopic dimensions have yet
to be produced .
2.Related Work
a. Agriculture Field Monitoring
Instead of observing the productivity and quality of faming
all the time, this paper proposes the design to monitor the
same attributes using wireless sensor network. For the
growth, quality and productivity of crops in agriculture
temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide levels are the
most important climatic parameters. Moreover, when a
critical change in one of the measurements occurs, then the
farmer will be acknowledged via SMS and e-mail by an
agriculture expert.
b. Environment Monitoring System
There are various problemsinthetraditional agriculturelike
weak real-time data acquisition, limitations in monitoring
area, excessive manpower etc., The system collects various

climatic parameters like temperature, humidity,
illumination, voltage etc. from greenhouse and from there it
transmits the data to nearest server via GPRS. The system
includes a web application which is using Google Maps to
show the greenhouse status and provide regular voice and
SMS alarm service. Since, it requires lots of power so it is
powered by solar and storage batteries. Thisresultsthatlow
power system has better scalability and can provide better
service. [3]
c. Extending Automation to the Farm
Automation can be used to reduce amount of manual labor
and make farming precise also leading to more agricultural
growth. Number of operations of farm canbeautomatedlike
irrigation system, temperature controlled system for
livestock and farm product.[4]In this work they
implemented automatic lightingsystem,automatic sprinkler
system, house temperature control and security in farm
houses. System is energy efficient because temperature and
motion sensitive devices will work only when required.
Energy efficient system is important factor for agro-based
economy. [5]
d. Development of Precision Agriculture System
In this system temperature and moisture sensors are
deployed at suitable location to monitor the crop. Sensing
system uses feedback control mechanism with control unit
which controls flow of water depending on temperatureand
moisture value. Control unit collects data from sensor
analyze it and take action. [6] International Journal of
Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) National Conference
on Advances in Computing (NCAC 2015) 9
e. Irrigation Control by using WSN
Paper elaborates the application of WSN for Wireless
Controlled and monitoring irrigation solution. The
implemented irrigation method removes the somewhat
need of farmer for flooding irrigation. In agricultural
cropping system the efficient watermanagementimportant
factor.
f. Remote Wireless Automation and Monitoring of Large
Farm
Application describes Designing and programming the
controller to monitor and control the network using
LabView Software. It shows changesinvaluesoffarmaswell
as real values required for controlling sensing sectors. RF
link is built to connect farmer’s house and the sensing and
control unit. Controller sends signal to farmer’s house from
10 KM.
g. Wireless Application of Drip Irrigation Automation
The crucial problem which is faced in agricultural areas is
the irrigation by fresh water resources. The high demand of
freshwater is highly increased, the optimal use of water
resources has been provided by automation technology at a
greater extent and its apparatus suchassolarpowersensors,
remote control and drip irrigation. There a difficulties on
measuring & control systems over large geographical areas.
The traditional instrumentations are based on discrete and
connected network solution. The system was applied for
drip irrigation of dwarf cherry trees on an area of 8 acres in
the venue which is located in Central Anatolia.
3.Proposed model
FIG 3:Block diagram of Sensor Node
The figure 3 shows the block diagram of sensor node
includes components of sensor node data networking will
place the main important role to transmit the data usingwifi
module we can find two main concepts with the both
hardware and software simulation where in the hardware
part with the several sensors nodes likes temperature,
pressure and soil moisture sensor. The sensor nodes
consisting of several parts namely transreceiver, sensors
with the ADC part PIC microcontroller, external memoryand
power resource. The few number of nodes are placed with
the many of the components this transreceiver part takes
place in the physical layer in the OSI model. The many of the
topologies are used since in this paper we will prefer
Multihop and two hierarchical topology since it forms a
clustered head where large number of nodes are connected
the sink node this nodes has the capable connecting all the
nodes to transmit the data to the observer part through the
gateway which has the capableofconvertingZigbeeprotocol
which has IEEE standard of 802.15.4getsconvertedinto wifi
module that is 802.11 with the internet access this can
displayed in the terminal partoftheobserver.Theimportant
aspect of this WSN technology when the sensors
Will be in the analog form gets converted into digital form
with the large number of nodes the data transmissionisvery
easy.IOT concept place a vital role in implementing WSN
technology since creating a network and connecting the
embedded devices to the internet is an IOT the readingswill
be displayed in the terminal end of the observer.

4. IMLPEMENTATION OF SMART AGRICULTURE USING
SENSOR NODE
FIG 4: Proposed system of smart agriculture using
WSN technology
The Figure 4 shows the performance of various nodes with
the gateway wirelessly connected to the web server.
a. Sensing Node
The capacity of the sensor nodes is use to collect the
information, processing the data and communicating with
other networks. For every particular time interval the
readings of the sensors then it forwarded o the routers.Asin
the case of Zigbee similarly Xbee protocols are used for the
solar power as well as the storage batteries which is more
configurable
b.Routers
A router is a networking device that forwards data
packets between computer networks. Routers perform the
traffic directing functions on the Internet. A data packet is
typically forwarded from one router to another through the
networks that constitute the internet work until it reaches
its destination node. A router is connected to two or more
data lines from different networks. When a data packet
comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the address
information in the packet to determine the ultimate
destination. Then, using information in its routing
table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next
network on its journey. This creates an overlay
internetwork. Routers are the XBee devices which work
independently,acceptthevariousreadingfromsensornodes
and forward the values to coordinator.Thisisalsocapableto
operate on solar power and storage batteries. Even though
routers are optional part in the network because sensing
node can directly send the values to coordinator / gateway.
c. Coordinator (Gateway)
In a communication network,a network node equippedfor
interfacing with another network that uses
different protocols. Gateways, also called protocol
converters, can operate at any network layer. Theactivities
of a gateway are more complex than that of
the router or switch as it communicates using more than
one protocol. Both the computers of Internet users and the
computers that serve pages to users are host nodes, while
the nodes that connect the networks in between are
gateways. Coordinator is XBee device which accept values
from various routers and sensing nodes.
d.Access points
Access points (also called base stations) provide
wireless access to a wired Ethernet network. An access
point plugs into a hub, switch, or wired router andsends out
wireless signals. This enables computers and devices to
connect to a wired network wirelessly.
e.Web server
Web server are the computers that delivers web pages.
Every web server as an IP address and possibly an domain
name.[3]
5.Working principle
FIG 5:Working principle of smart farming using real
time
The Figure 5 shows the overview of smart forming using
WSN technology.WSN place a vital role in the agriculture
field. As mentioned above soil temperaturesensor,humidity
sensor, atmospheric temperature sensor readings are taken
in the plantation area if the value exceed beyond
atmospheric temperature and pressure then certain WSN
technology taken over their with pump drivers and motors.
The values of these sensors can be displayed in LCD.Other
way of getting a message is through GSM technology and
getting a message for the observer then the observer can
operate through IOT technology. Finally by usingthemotors
and pump drivers the sprinkler or drip irrigation can be
followed to get a good crop forming.

This web based technology has been developed to get the
exact result to the observer through wifimoduletechnology.
we can WSN technology is trustworthy when we placed
nodes between the gateway, when gateway will convert the
zigbee protocol to wifi module i.e 802.15.11 gets converted
into 802.11 IEEE standard and then the readings of all the
sensors get displayed int terminal end of the system.
6.Flow chart
FIG 6:Flow chart of sensor node woth IOT
The above flow chart gives the overview of the WSN
technology for smart forming technology in an algorithm
while staring the program with the coding with multiple
sensors each valuesoftheparticulartemperaturesensor and
soil moisture sensor value will be displayed in the LCD and
even more the values are send to the observer if the values
get exceeded motor runs as is soil moisture content is less
drip ir sprinkler irrigation will be done elsewhere when the
water content is more then automatically motor gets
switched off. Since this technology is trustworthy helps to
increase the Indian economy.
7.RESULTS
The following monitoring results are obtained using
temperature, humidity and moisture sensor. These real
times monitoring results are recorded on server.Thegraphs
can be plotted. The monitoring of temperature, moisture
humidity and soil moisture sensor.
FIG 7:Temperature monitoring in Celsius
FIG 8: Soil moisture monitoring
FIG 9:Rainfall sensor

FIG 10:Soil moisture v/s sensor output
Obtained graph shows the pictorial representation of soil
moisture per day.observer can easily get the information
whether the soil moisture sensor is in working conditions.
FIG 11:RH humidity sensor
FIG 12:Readings displayed in the pc using IOT
8. CONCLUSION
Wireless sensor networks use to facilitate fetching with
reference to upheaval in automating agriculture. This paper
would abridge plant monitoring progressionandcondensed
human effort significantly. Client can generate bespoke
environment for the plants, as a consequence providing
them with most advantageous augmentationconditions.The
compass for the paper can be auxiliarywidenedbytheuse of
additional sensors and then storing the sensor data in the
cloud enabling right to use fromanywhereintheworld.Also,
an analog output as a replacement for of a digital one would
facilitate to settle on precise sensored values.
Furthermore, interfacing the softwarewith WSN technology
would amplify its scope. The sensor values can also be
rehabilitated into analog outputs. This would be of
assistance receiving a comprehensible design of the
environmental condition all the way through earlier period
records.IOT helps to transmit the information to the
observer using cloud.
9. FUTURE SCOPE
Smart unindustrialized is a perceptionquicklytransmittable
in the agricultural commerce. Offering high-precision crop
control, useful data assortment and automated farming
techniques This allows users organizing to documentation,
carve up or restructure a unambiguous environment for
growing and removes the element of pitiable weather
conditions and human inaccuracy. It could also potentially
allow farmers to induce drought or other abnormal
conditions producingdesirablepersona inspecificcrops that
wouldn't characteristically crop up in temperament.
REFERENCES
[1] Design & Implementation of Wireless Transceiver for
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128X International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer Science and Software Engineering
[2] Haefke.M, Mukhopadhyay S.C and Ewald.H “A Zigbee
Based Smart SensingPlatformforMonitoringEnvironmental
Parameters “Proceedings of IEEE International Conference
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May 2011.
[3] HoSeong Cho, DaeHeon Park, Chul-Young Park, Hong-
Geun Kim, Chang-Sun Shin, Yong-Yun Cho, and Jang-Woo
Park “A study on localization based Zigbee and Monitoring
system in Greenhouse environment” Proceedings of IEEE
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Information Technology Applications PP190-195 oct 2011.
[4] Jeong-hwan Hwang and Hyun Yoe “Paprika Greenhouse
Management System for Ubiquitous Agriculture”;

Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on
Information and Communication Technology Convergence
pp555-556 Nov 2010.
[5] Na Pang “Zigbee Mesh Network for Greenhouse
Monitoring”; Proceedings of IEEE International Conference
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[6] A Review on data collection method with sink node in
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[7 ]Application based Study on Wireless Sensor Network.
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[8] Wireless Sensor Networks: Architecture, Protocols.
International Journal of Advanced Research in 2013,
IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page | 303 ISSN: 2277
128X.Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013.

Operation of Sensor Nodes for Smart Farming and Data Networking using Wireless Sensor Network

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Operation of Sensor Nodes for Smart Farming and Data Networking using Wireless Sensor Network