This document discusses optimization in power systems. Optimization aims to find the maximum and minimum values of functions, and can be used to optimize various systems including power networks, transportation, and more. In power systems specifically, optimization becomes important as systems grow larger and more complex over time due to increasing demand. Optimization techniques can save power utilities hundreds of millions annually through reduced fuel costs and improved reliability while meeting environmental standards. The key goals of optimization in power systems are minimizing generation costs and maximizing social welfare while satisfying operational constraints.