Oracle

Objectives of the Presentation
Features
Datatypes
DDLs

We can’t
possibly
talk about
everything
on this list
in detail!

So instead
we are going to
pick just a couple
of them to look
at in depth...

Oracle: #1 RDBMS Vendor
Overall
Microsoft
12.3%

Other
15.5%

IBM
31.8%
Oracle
40.4%

Oracle’s Commitment to Windows

7
1993

•

2000

2001

2003

2004

2005

8i -> 9i - Real Application Clusters, PL/SQL enhancements,
XMLType enhancements
• 9i -> 10g - ASM space management, tracing and diagnostics,
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows Windows
DML error logging, async commit, more PL/SQL changes, x64
Server
NT
2000
XP
table/column encryption, restore points
2003
• 10g -> 11g - Probably best to point you to technet on that one.

ORACLE 8i
New Features
 Content Management for the Internet

Oracle8i interMedia, Spatial, Time Series, and Visual
 Java


Data Warehousing and Very Large Data Bases (VLDB

 Database Features
 Partitioning Enhancements
 System Management
 Oracle Parallel Server
 Distributed Systems
 Networking, Security, and Oracle Advanced
Security
 Program Interfaces

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Oracle8i interMedia, Spatial, Time
Series, and Visual Image Retrieval
 Integrate all your data into its datastore.
 The Oracle8i extensibility framework and object
relational technology have been exploited to extend of
reliability, availability, and data management
capabilities of the database server to multimedia data.
 A new multimedia option, Oracle8i interMedia,
services text, document, image, audio, video, and
locational data in a single integrated package.
 The Spatial, Time Series, and Visual Image Retrieval
options, available separately, also have been
designed to utilize the Oracle8i extensibility
architecture.

 Oracle8i interMedia

 Oracle8i Spatial

BACK

Oracle8i interMedia
 Allows multimedia data to be managed in an
integral fashion with other enterprise data.
 Applications can access interMedia through
both object and relational interfaces
–

Extensible Index

–

Extensible Query Optimizer

–

Filters

–

Hierarchical Query Feedback

BACK

Extensible Index and
Extensible Query Optimizer
 Creating an index is now much simpler
because it is created and maintained using
standard SQL.
 This is made possible through the Oracle8i
extensible indexing framework as described in
"User-Defined Operators and Extensible
Indexing".
 The optimizer can be used to select the best
plan for executing a CONTAINS query.
 It does so by analyzing collected statistics of
all the tables and indexes affected by a
BACK
CONTAINS query.

Filters and Hierarchical Query
Feedback
 By default during indexing, interMedia Text
uses the Inso Corporation filtering technology,
which can filter most document formats.
 This filtering technology automatically
recognizes document formats.
 Thus, this filter can be used to index single or
mixed column formats. A custom or other
filter may also be specified to filter documents
during indexing.
 Given a query expression, interMedia Text
returns related query term information
(broader term, narrower term, related term)
that can help refine queries.
BACK

Oracle8i Spatial
 Spatial data is any data with a location
component.
 Oracle8i Spatial is designed for two groups of
users:
–

It enables traditional database customers to add
useful spatial queries to their applications.

–

It supports geographic information system (GIS)
vendors who must store, retrieve, and manage
very large spatial databases containing hundreds
of gigabytes of geodata.

Oracle8i Time Series
 Oracle8i Time Series enables time-stamped data to
be stored efficiently in an Oracle database.
 It supports a basic set of functions--calendar, time
series, and time scaling--to retrieve and process data.
 Oracle8i Time Series provides the following kinds of
functions:
–

Calendar functions provide a convenient mechanism for
defining time-related operations and ensuring the validity of
time-related data.

–

For example, arbitrary calendars can be defined over a
fixed interval, such as a calendar of business days in the
week or a calendar of quarterly dividend payment dates.

 Time series functions provide analysis of time series
data and include support for complex aggregation
(such as moving average), mathematical operations
(such as cumulative sum and cell-by-cell arithmetic
operations), and data verification.
 Time scaling functions allow a time series function to
be transformed from one time scale to another, such
as from aggregate daily data into quarterly
summaries.
 Time scaling is flexible because the source and target
scales are determined by calendars, which can be
customized.
BACK

Data Warehousing and Very Large
Data Bases (VLDB)
 The performance of queries is dramatically increased
by materialized views and summary management,
which allow frequently requested summaries to be
stored and maintained.
 Parallelism is improved with more operations offered
in parallel.
 Moving data from one database to another is made
simpler and faster with transportable tablespaces.
 A materialized view is a stored summary containing
precomputed results.
 Transportable Tablespaces
–

This feature allows a user to move a subset of an Oracle
database into another Oracle database

BACK

Database Features
 With Oracle8i, the Oracle database server provides a
new extensibility framework for developers to extend
the database to meet their needs.
 Many object relational enhancements have been
incorporated into this release, and this functionality
has been extended to all Oracle8i product
configurations.
 Online transaction processing (OLTP) systems are
usually concerned with entering and retrieving
mission-critical data from day-to-day operations.

Database Features
 Availability, reliability, and performance are
extremely important for these systems.
 Oracle8i delivers significant enhancements in
these areas, along with improvements in
scalability, serviceability, and security.
 Advance Queuing has been significantly
enhanced, continuing to develop the
publish/subscribe messaging paradigm.
BACK

Oracle Database 10g

“Sophisticated Simplicity”
- Sean McCown, InfoWorld

.NET Data Access
ASP .NET

VB .NET

C#

Any other .NET
Language

Oracle Data Provider
For .NET

Oracle Database
Extensions
for .NET
(VB .NET, C#,
C++)

ORACLE 10g
 The idea of Oracle 10g is that the database will
be able to dynamically "requisition" resources
from the grid to meet levels of peak demand.
 Other enhancements for Oracle 10g are aimed
at reducing costs and improving the quality of
service by making the database easier to
deploy and manage including enhancements to
backup and recovery and data warehousing .

Features of Oracle 10g
 As with Oracle 9i, one of the major focuses of
Oracle 10g is on reducing costs and increasing
up-time by making the database easier to
manage.
 Other major enhancements in this area
include:–

Enhancing Enterprise Manager

–

Availability

–

Data Warehousing

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Enhancing Enterprise
Manager
 Enhancing Enterprise Manager to be able to:–

Manage the whole grid

–

The complete stack of resources

–

Simplifying installation and

–

Configuration by reducing the number of
initialization parameters.

BACK

Availability
 Oracle 10g Real Application Clusters have
been enhanced to provide Automatic Service
Provisioning.
 Servers are automatically allocated to work
loads and clients are automatically assigned
to the server with the least load.
 Also on failure of a server, the surviving
servers are automatically reallocated to work
loads.

Availability
 Other enhancements in this area include:
–

Flashback available at the row, transaction, table or
database level.

–

Recovery area on disk that is maintained automatically by
the database and contains only those blocks changed
since the last backup - thereby enabling faster recovery
from media failure.

–

Data guard (standby database) has been enhanced to
enable compression and encryption of log traffic from the
master database to the standby system;

–

Tables can now be redefined without invalidating stored
procedures.

–

Support for rolling upgrades of the hardware, operating
system and the database to reduce planned down time.

BACK

Data Warehousing
 Oracle 10g Data Warehousing enhancements include:
–

An increase in the size limits of the database to support
ultra-large databases of millions of terabytes in size and
ultra-large files of terabytes in size.

–

The 4GB restriction on LOBs has been raised to 128
terabytes.

–

Improvements to Real Application Clusters (RAC) enable
resources to be allocated automatically and means that
operational data can be used immediately without the need
to copy it to another database.

Data Warehousing
 Enhancements to OLAP analytic
 A data-mining GUI and a new SQL model allow
query results to be treated as sets of multidimensional arrays on which complex inter-dependent
operations - such as forecasting - can be run without
the need to extract data to spreadsheets or perform
complex joins and unions on the data.
 A new changed data capture facility based on Oracle
Streams provides low or zero latency trickle feeds that
combined with integrated extraction, transformation
and loading (etl) enable real-time warehousing.
BACK

Performance Features of Oracle
10g
 Active Session History Reports
 Automatic PGA Memory Management
 Automatic Shared Memory Management
 Automatic Tuning of Multiblock Read Count
 Automatic Workload Repository Reports
 Configurable Automatic Workload Repository SQL Collection
 Enhanced End to End Application Tracing

Performance Features of
Oracle 10g
 Improved System Statistics
 SQL Access Advisor
 SQL Profiles
 SQL Tuning Advisor
 SQL Tuning Sets
 V$SQLSTATS View

Oracle Database 10g
Windows .NET
Developer Strategy

Oracle 10g
Grid Computing Strategy

Oracle 10g Goals
 Highest quality of service
–

Availability, performance, scalability, security

 Half the Cost
 Easiest to Manage
–

50% or more reduction in administration costs

 Most complete, integrated database

Oracle Grid Computing
Storage
Grid

Database
Grid

 Highest Quality of Service and
Flexibility
 Half the Cost
 Easiest to Manage

Application
Server Grid

Grid
Control

Grid Computing enable
groups of networked
computers to be pooled and
provisioned on demand to
meet the changing needs of
the buisness.

Oracle Database 10g
Awards
 eWeek Analyst Choice Award and Top 10
Product of 2004
 I.E. Readers’ Choice Award: Best DBMS
for Data Warehousing
 CRN recommends 5/5 stars
 DM Review 2004 Winner of Readers
Award for Database and Data Store
 InfoWorld “Database of the Year” 2004

Oracle

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Oracle