Oracle Database 12.1.0.2 New Features

Oracle Database 12.1.0.2 New Features
Deiby Gómez Oracle Database Consultant
Alex Zaballa Oracle DBA

Deiby Gómez
http://www.oraclefromguatemala.com.gt
@hdeiby

Alex Zaballa
http://alexzaballa.blogspot.com/
@alexzaballa
146 and counting…

Deiby Gómez

Approximate Count Distinct
COUNT(DISTINCT expression)
Cost

6
Full Database Caching
DB size > Buffer Cache
Little tables:
• Allocated in memory If the table size < 2% of the Buffer Cache size
Medium tables:
• Allocated in memory if table size [2%,10%] of Buffer Cache size (No official
information)
• Oracle analyze the date when the table was used last time
• Free space in Buffer Cache
• Etc
Big Tables
• Big tables are not allocated in Buffer Cache
• Use "KEEP” to advice Oracle to allocate a big table in Buffer Cache

7
Buffer Cache > DB size
Little tables:
• Allocated in memory If the table size < 2% of the Buffer Cache size
Medium tables:
• Allocated in memory if table size [2%,10%] of Buffer Cache size (No official
information)
• Oracle analyze the date when the table was used last time
• Free space in Buffer Cache
• Etc
Big Tables
• Big tables are not allocated in Buffer Cache
• Use "KEEP” to advice Oracle to allocate a big table in Buffer Cache

© 2014 Pythian Confidential 8
Buffer Cache > DB size
What about if I enable it but Buffer Cache !> DB Size?
• Algorithms to allocate small, medium and large tables are not used.
• More Objects Deallocation
• New object scanned, blocks deallocated.

PDB CONTAINERS Clause
SELECT ename
FROM CONTAINERS(scott.emp)
WHERE CON_ID IN (11, 13);

PDB File Placement in OMF
• FILE_NAME_CONVERT clause of CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
• CREATE_FILE_DEST clause of CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
• DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST (root level)
• PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter

PDB Logging Clause
• Table Level – Logging
• Index Level – Logging
• Tablespace Level – Logging
• Tablespace Level - Force Logging
• PDB Level – Logging
• PDB Level - Force No logging
• CDB - Force Logging

PDB Metadata Clone
NO DATA clause of the CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
“This clause is useful for quickly creating clones of a PDB with
only the object definitions and no data.”

PDB Remote Clone
IN SOURCE DB:
**alter pluggable database pdbsource open read only;
create user C##dgomez identified by manager1;
grant create session to C##dgomez;

PDB Remote Clone
IN TARGET DB:
create user C##dgomez identified by manager1;
grant create session, create database link, create pluggable
database to C##dgomez;
PDBSOURCE =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db12102.oraworld.com)(PORT =
1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = pdbsource)
))
create database link dblinktosource connect to C##dgomez identified
by manager1 using 'PDBSOURCE';
create pluggable database pdbtarget3 from pdbsource@dblinktosource;

PDB Remote Clone
Target: 12.1.0.2
Source: 12.1.0.1
SQL> create pluggable database pdbtarget from
pdbsource@dblinktosource;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-17627: ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments:
[ksrpcsexec_1], [158],
[20], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-17627: ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments:
[ksrpcsexec_1], [158],
[20], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []

PDB Remote Clone
Target: 12.1.0.1
Source: 12.1.0.1
sourcepdb@dblinktosource
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-17628: Oracle error 19505 returned by remote Oracle server
ORA-19505: failed to identify file ""

PDB Remote Clone
Target: 12.1.0.2
Source: 12.1.0.2
pdbsource@dblinktosource;
Pluggable database created.

PDB STANDBYS Clause
PDB1
PDB2
PDB3
PDB1
PDB2
PDB3
Primary Standby
• Datafiles Offline
• Unnamed

PDB STANDBYS Clause
“The STANDBYS clause of the CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE statement specifies
whether the new PDB is included in standby CDBs”
 STANDBYS=ALL includes the new PDB in all of the standby CDBs
.
 STANDBYS=NONE excludes the new PDB from all of the standby CDBs.

PDB STANDBYS Clause
“It is possible to enable a PDB on a standby CDB after it was excluded
on that standby CDB.”
 PDB data files need to be copied to the standby database from the primary
database
 The control file needs to be updated to reflect their paths
 Execute ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ENABLE RECOVERY
 It automatically onlines all of the data files belonging to the PDB.

PDB State Management Across
CDB Restart
Source: "Oracle Database 12c: New Features for Administrators” by Oracle University
12.1.0.1

CDB Restart
1. Set the PDB at the State you want to save.
1. SQL> alter pluggable database pdb1 save state;
Pluggable database altered.
or
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb1 discard state;
12.1.0.2

CDB Restart
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT PDB1 SAVE STATE;
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL SAVE STATE;
12.1.0.2

PDB Subset Cloning
“The USER_TABLESPACES clause of the CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE statement
specifies which tablespaces are available in the new PDB”
o List one or more tablespaces to include.
o Specify ALL, the default, to include all of the tablespaces.
o Specify ALL EXCEPT to include all of the tablespaces, except for the
tablespaces listed.
o Specify NONE to exclude all of the tablespaces.

Database Source
PDB Subset Cloning
Tablespace 1
Tablespace 2
Tablespace 3
PDB 1
Tablespace 1
PDB 2
Tablespace 2
PDB 3
Tablespace 3

More Oracle Database 12.1.0.2 New Features
Alex Zaballa

JSON
OTN Article by Alex Zaballa
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/pt/articles
/sql/json-oracle-database-12c-2378776-
ptb.html

JSON
• Oracle Database 12.1.0.2 has now native
support for JSON.
• “JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a
lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy
for humans to read and write. It is easy for
machines to parse and generate.”
Source: http://json.org/

More Oracle Database 12c New Features

Data Redaction
OTN Article in English by Alex Zaballa
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/d
atabase/data-redaction-odb12c-2331480.html

Data Redaction
• One of the new features introduced in Oracle
Database 12c
• Part of the Advanced Security option
• Enables the protection of data shown to the
user in real time, without requiring changes to
the application

SQL Query Row Limits
and Offsets

and Offsets
create table tabela_teste (codigo number, nome varchar2(20), salario
number);
insert into tabela_teste values (1,'Alex' ,100);
insert into tabela_teste values (2,'Joao' ,200);
insert into tabela_teste values (3,'Maria' ,300);
insert into tabela_teste values (4,'Pedro',400);
insert into tabela_teste values (5,'Paulo',500);
insert into tabela_teste values (6,'Fernando',600);
insert into tabela_teste values (7,'Rafael',700);
insert into tabela_teste values (8,'Samuel',700);
insert into tabela_teste values (9,'Daniel',800);
insert into tabela_teste values (10,'Luciano',1000);

and Offsets
Top-N Queries – Pré 12c
select * from ( select codigo, nome, salario
from tabela_teste
order by salario desc)
where rownum <= 5

and Offsets
select codigo, nome, salario
from tabela_teste
order by salario desc
FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY

and Offsets
from tabela_teste
order by salario
FETCH FIRST 30 PERCENT ROWS ONLY

and Offsets
from tabela_teste
order by salario desc
OFFSET 2 ROWS FETCH NEXT 2 ROWS ONLY;

Invisible Columns
CREATE TABLE tabela_teste
(
coluna1 NUMBER,
coluna2 NUMBER,
coluna3 NUMBER INVISIBLE,
coluna4 NUMBER
);
SQL> desc tabela_teste
Name
-----------------------------------------
COLUNA1 NUMBER
COLUNA2 NUMBER
COLUNA4 NUMBER

Invisible Columns
INSERT INTO tabela_teste
(coluna1,coluna2,coluna3,coluna4) VALUES
(1,2,3,4);
INSERT INTO tabela_teste VALUES (1,2,4);

Invisible Columns
SET COLINVISIBLE ON
SQL> desc tabela_teste
Name
-----------------------------------------
COLUNA1 NUMBER
COLUNA2 NUMBER
COLUNA4 NUMBER
COLUNA3 (INVISIBLE) NUMBER

Invisible Columns
ALTER TABLE tabela_teste MODIFY coluna3 VISIBLE;

SQL Text Expansion
SQL> variable retorno clob
SQL> begin
dbms_utility.expand_sql_text( input_sql_text
=> 'select * from emp', output_sql_text=>
:retorno );
end;

SQL Text Expansion
• Views
• VPDs (Virtual Private Database)

PL/SQL From SQL
with
function Is_Number
(x in varchar2) return varchar2 is
Plsql_Num_Error exception;
pragma exception_init(Plsql_Num_Error, -06502);
begin
if (To_Number(x) is NOT null) then
return 'Y';
else
return '';
end if;
exception
when Plsql_Num_Error then
return 'N';
end Is_Number;
select rownum, x, is_number(x) is_num from t;

Session Level Sequences
Session level sequences are used to produce
unique values in a session. Once the session
ends, the sequence is reset.
Generating Primary Keys for a Global Temporary
Table would be a field where those kinds of
sequences could be used.

CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_teste
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1
SESSION
/

ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_teste
SESSION;
ALTER SEQUENCE sequence_teste
GLOBAL;

Extended Data Types
SQL> create table tabela_teste(campo01
varchar2(4001));
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00910: specified length too long for its
datatype

Extended Data Types
- VARCHAR2 : 32767 bytes
- NVARCHAR2 : 32767 bytes
- RAW : 32767 bytes

Extended Data Types
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP UPGRADE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET max_string_size=extended;
@?/rdbms/admin/utl32k.sql
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP;
**Once you switch to extended data types you can't switch back

DDL LOGGING
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/log/ddl/log.xml

Direct SQL statement
execution in RMAN
Pre - 12c:
RMAN> SQL ‘SELECT sysdate FROM dual’;
12c:
RMAN> SELECT sysdate FROM dual;

RMAN Table Recovery in 12c
RMAN enables you to recover one or more
tables or table partitions to a specified point in
time.

RMAN Table Recovery in 12c
RMAN> RECOVER TABLE HR.REGIONS
UNTIL TIME "TO_DATE('01/10/2013
09:33:39','DD/MM/RRRR HH24:MI:SS')"
AUXILIARY DESTINATION '/tmp/backups'

Oracle Database 12.1.0.2 New Features

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