This document provides an overview of SQL and its main components: DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL. SQL is the standard language used to communicate with databases and perform tasks like updating and retrieving data. DDL commands like CREATE and ALTER are used to define the database structure. DML commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE manage the data within database objects. DCL commands like GRANT and REVOKE manage user privileges. Finally, TCL commands like COMMIT and ROLLBACK manage transactions and allow grouping of statements.