Oracle9i application server oracle forms services

Oracle9i Application Server:
Oracle Forms Services
A Technical White Paper
November 2000

Oracle9i Application Server: Oracle Forms Services Page 2
Oracle9i Application Server: Oracle Forms Services
Introduction........................................................................................... 3
Product Overview ................................................................................. 3
Oracle Forms Developer................................................................... 3
Oracle Forms Services....................................................................... 4
Application Framework ..................................................................... 4
Build rich Java applications with Oracle Forms Developer................... 4
RAD Development with Oracle Forms Developer............................ 4
Build rich, extensible user interfaces.................................................. 6
Tight Integration with Oracle8i......................................................... 7
Integration with Oracle Designer....................................................... 7
Extend pre-packaged Oracle Applications ........................................ 8
Optimized, generic Java Client.......................................................... 8
High performance over any network.................................................. 9
Sockets ........................................................................................ 10
HTTP .......................................................................................... 10
HTTPS ........................................................................................ 10
Out-of-the box scalability............................................................ 11
Open access to Internet Standards—leveraging Java and Xml .... 11
Protect your investment....................................................................... 12
Conclusion........................................................................................... 12

Oracle9i Application Server: Oracle Forms
INTRODUCTION
Oracle Forms Developer is in a class by itself, raising the development bar for
applications deployed to such industries as Banking and Finance, Stocks and
Bonds, Aerospace, Communications, Manufacturing, Retail, Health, Legal,
Government, and Education. Key customers and partners in these industries
include Lockheed Martin, Retek, LIMITrader, Keystone Solutions, Louisiana
Department of Natural Resources, and the Australian Geological Survey
Organization. With Oracle Forms, business applications developers quickly build
comprehensive database applications that meet (and exceed) the requirements of
professional user communities—rich, Web-deployed applications available on
demand for rapid processing of large amounts of data and rapid completion of
complex calculations, analysis, and transactions.
“Among the benefits: better response times to client inquiries and more billable hours on
the clock, thanks to faster, more accurate time reporting. Time is now recorded daily on
screen rather than weekly on paper. With fee earners entering data directly into the
system, many potential errors, including faulty transcribing of matter numbers and
descriptions and misplaced timesheets, are eliminated.” DJ Freeman uses Keystone
Practice Management Solutions http://www.keystone-solutions.com.
This paper provides a high-level view of the features and benefits available
through Oracle Forms Developer and Oracle Forms Services.
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Oracle Forms Developer
Oracle Forms Developer is a productive RAD development environment for
building enterprise-class Internet database applications with compelling,
sophisticated Java user interfaces. Applications developers can use the tool to
quickly build complex Java applications for viewing, changing, and adding
information to a database, without writing any Java code. Forms Developer’s
integrated set of builders allows business developers to easily and quickly
construct sophisticated database forms, charts, and business logic with minimal
effort. The development environment provides powerful declarative features,
such as wizards, built-ins, and drag-and-drop, for the creation of fully functional

applications from database definitions with minimal coding in record time. Oracle
Forms Developer also provides an open, extensible user interface model that
allows full customization and extension of applications with Java.
Oracle Forms Services
Oracle Forms Services delivers the application infrastructure and the event model
to ensure that your Internet applications automatically scale and perform over any
network. It provides an extensible, optimized Java client, high performance over
any network, out-of-the-box scalability, and access to XML, Java, and CORBA.
Forms Services built-in services include transaction management, record caching,
record locking, exception handling, and load balancing, all provided natively as
part of the Forms Services engine. Oracle Forms Services built-in services
provide a critical infrastructure that you would otherwise have to code and re-
code by hand many times over throughout all parts of your application.
Application Framework
Oracle Forms Developer and Oracle Forms Services provide a complete
application framework for optimal deployment of Oracle Forms applications on
the Internet. Together they deliver a RAD environment and application
infrastructure to ensure that your Internet applications automatically scale and
perform over any network.
The framework is open and extensible and continually evolving, allowing you to:
• Seamlessly move your applications forward with each new technological
wave
• Easily extend your user interface through native Java with Pluggable Java
Components
• Leverage technologies such as Java and XML through code-based
integration
With Oracle Forms Developer and Forms Services, the application framework
infrastructure is provided for you, yet you still have the flexibility to leverage the
latest technologies within your applications. This allows you to focus on the real
value-add—spend your time thinking about the application business logic and
functionality rather than worrying about the application “plumbing.”
BUILD RICH JAVA APPLICATIONS WITH ORACLE FORMS DEVELOPER
RAD Development with Oracle Forms Developer
“Developers who need to create and deploy database applications to browser-based clients
will find Oracle Developer significantly speeds up productivity.” InfoWorld (April 26,
1999) “Oracle Powers Web Applications”

The rapid growth of e-Commerce and the Internet is accelerating expansion of
user communities and driving a resulting demand for higher levels of application
performance, reliability, and availability. Business environments are more dynamic
than ever before, requiring that applications be adapted to changing business
requirements in shorter amounts of time. More than ever before, businesses need
tools that enable rapid response to changing requirements and rapid and seamless
application deployment.
Oracle Forms Developer meets this need. Both novice and expert developers
benefit from Oracle Forms Developer’s declarative RAD environment. Forms
Developer enables business developers to build Java applications that are
optimized for the Internet without writing any Java code. The tool set includes
many wizards and utilities to speed application development:
• Use the Data Block Wizard to easily create or modify data blocks for use
in your application. The Data Block Wizard can be reentered after initial
creation of the data block, enabling you to modify an existing data block,
even if it was not originally created with the wizard.
• Use the Layout Wizard to quickly lay out the items of a data block. The
wizard displays the items in a frame on a canvas and lays them out in one
of several layout styles, which you can manually alter to your own
specifications. You can reenter the Layout Wizard after the initial creation
of a frame, enabling you to modify an existing frame, even if it was not
created with the Layout Wizard.
• The Property Palette enables you to set the properties of objects you
create in form and menu modules. When you select an object in an editor
or in the Object Navigator, the Property Palette updates to show the
properties of that object. When you need to compare the properties of two
different objects, you can invoke additional Property Palettes as needed.
• The integrated PL/SQL Editor enables you to write PL/SQL code from
within Form Builder. It provides a graphical interface for editing and
debugging applications.
• Object Libraries provide an easy method for reusing objects and
enforcing standards across the entire development organization.
• Forms Developer provides several built-in packages that contain many
PL/SQL constructs you can reference while building applications or
debugging your application code.
• Oracle Forms Developer and Oracle Forms Services provide the means to
deliver applications to your users in their native language. Support for
Unicode global character set allows multinational corporations to develop a
single multilingual application and deploy it to their users worldwide.

Build rich, extensible user interfaces
Forms Developer provides many native widgets and default controls for rapid
development of compelling Java UIs with minimal coding. Native widgets and
defaults include hierarchical tree controls, tab-pages, check-boxes, pop-up lists,
tooltips, summary totals, and calculated fields.
Forms Developer provides an extensible UI through Pluggable Java Components
(PJCs). You can easily extend and customize your Java user interface beyond the
default functionality by integrating your own custom-built Java components into
your Oracle Forms applications. You’ll find a number of sample JavaBeans and
PJCs shipped with Release 6i and available for download from the Oracle
Technology Network (http://technet.oracle.com). These include Web roll-over
buttons, hyperlinks, and client-side upload functionality.
Build Java extensions with Oracle JDeveloper or your favorite 3GL Java
development environment, and seamlessly integrate them into your Oracle Forms
application. The Oracle JDeveloper PJC Wizard helps you wrapper your custom
Java classes to extend your Oracle Forms applications. This is an excellent
example of the integration between JDeveloper and Oracle Forms, and highlights
the benefits of the integrated Tools offering from Oracle. You have the benefit of
the Oracle Forms Developer RAD environment and the scalability of the Forms
Services to ensure performance yet can still gain the benefits of open integration
with Java to easily customize and extend your applications.
Figure 1 - The Healthy Living application, built with Oracle Forms Developer 6i,
showcases a rich Java UI that uses native features of Forms Developer and leverages
Java to extend the UI through Pluggable Java Components.

Tight Integration with Oracle8i
With over 60 percent of the global market share, Oracle is the worldwide leader
in database servers across all industries. Oracle8i offers superior manageability,
high availability, and ease of use. It provides integrated data management for all
Internet content within your organization. It is “the” Java deployment platform of
choice.
Oracle Forms Developer is specifically designed and optimized to build Oracle8i
transactional database applications. Oracle Forms Developer is designed for the
Oracle8i database. It delivers the following services for you natively—services you
would otherwise have to code by hand:
• Connects to and maintains a connection to Oracle8i
• Queries and handles a large number of records on demand
• Locks database records on demand
• Generates code that automatically supports multi-user locking scenarios
• Manages inserts, updates, and deletes automatically
• Allows programmatic manipulation of sets of records for a developer
• Communicates transactions efficiently to the database
Use the Data Block Wizard to automatically link your application to tables in your
database and easily build a complex Master-Detail Web form with operations
automatically synchronized between two or more data sets. Use the form to
query, insert, update, and delete data and to immediately preview your changes on
the Web.
With this seamless integration between Oracle Forms Developer and Oracle8i you
can build Internet applications that use Resource Management, Advanced
Queuing, Subscription, Distributed Queries, Partitioning, and Parallel Server to
more effectively share resources between applications and to improve application
performance and scalability. Improve the performance of queries across multiple
homogenous and heterogeneous environments through optimized distributed
query plans and other replication enhancements. Implement fine-grained,
centralized access control and auditing through Oracle8i security policy
management features.
Integration with Oracle Designer
Oracle Forms Developer’s tight integration with Oracle Designer provides the
most compelling tool-set available for supporting the full application development
life-cycle. The modeling tools in Oracle Designer allow you to visually capture
business requirements and transform them into physical designs. The design tools
and application generators lead business developers through the process of quickly
converting physical specifications into fully functional Oracle Forms Developer

applications. The client generators are fully integrated with Oracle Forms
Developer for both forward- and reverse-engineering. You can model what you
build and build what you model. Switch smoothly between tools for iterative, rapid
development and prototyping.
Extend pre-packaged Oracle Applications
Oracle Corporation is the second largest vendor of pre-packaged applications.
Further, the prevalence of packaged applications based specifically on Oracle
Forms Developer technology is notable.
With Oracle Forms Developer you can extend and enhance Oracle’s pre-
packaged applications, tailoring them to the unique needs of your organization.
With over 300 partner products worldwide based on Oracle Forms Developer
technology, Oracle Forms Developer is a solid bet for protecting and efficiently
exploiting your applications investment.
DELIVER SCALABLE INTERNET APPLICATIONS WITH ORACLE FORMS
SERVICES
Optimized, generic Java Client
The Forms Services uses a three-tier architecture for application deployment:
Data is stored on the database tier; the forms application is executed on the
middle tier; and the application display is rendered by the Java client via an end-
user’s Internet browser.
Java Client Forms Server Data Server
Figure 2: Deploying Forms with Oracle Forms Services
The Forms Java Client is a Java applet downloaded at runtime from the middle-
tier to an end-user's Web browser. The Java Client displays the form's user
interface and manages interaction between end-users and the Forms Services. It is
primarily responsible for rendering the application display, and it has no
embedded application logic. Consequently, we call it “generic” and make it
Note: Oracle Applications Release 11i and
Oracle Business OnLine were built with
Oracle Forms Developer Release 6i.

available for reuse with all your Forms applications, without requiring any code
customization from one application to another.
With Oracle Forms Services, unlike with other Java solutions, your users do not
have to download a separate Java applet for every application or screen they want
to run. The applet is downloaded once and runs every application—regardless of
its size or complexity. Oracle Applications Release 11i is a perfect example of a
Forms Services application that uses the same applet to run every component of
this very large suite. Far fewer client resources are required when compared to
having a Java client for each application.
The Forms Java Client has been optimized for high performance and application
start-up over many different network topologies. The Java Client has been finely
tuned to allow the efficient display of widgets and the minimization of time and
frequency for page refreshes on the client.
Another key element of the optimized Java client is the use of JAR file caching.
Oracle Forms Services uses client-side caching to persistently cache the Java
applet on the desktop. This means that, after the initial download, the Java applet
is automatically cached. Any subsequent access to the application pulls the JAR
file directly from the persistent client-side cache, significantly minimizing start-up
time. JAR file caching is an essential performance feature for any application with
remote users who dial-in to access the application over a wide area network.
The Forms Java Client is certified to run on a growing number of different
browsers and platforms, including Oracle JInitiator, Microsoft Internet Explorer
on Windows and Apple Macintosh, and the Java Plug-in on Solaris.
High performance over any network
The Forms Services has been optimized for high performance over any network,
including LAN, WAN, and dial-up environments or over the Internet with
HTTP/1.1 support:
The Forms Services minimizes network traffic through its unique meta-data
driven architecture. The Forms Services communicates to the Java Client through
a unique messaging protocol that uses meta-data messages, a collection of name-
value pairs, to tell the Java Client which object to act upon and how. This
generates approximately 90 percent less traffic than other solutions that do not
utilize this meta-data model—solutions that do not employ this model must send
new code across the network to achieve the same effect, increasing the number of
network roundtrips and significantly slowing performance.
In addition, Forms Services minimizes network traffic by intelligently condensing
the data stream in a number of ways:
• “Message diffing” ensures that when sets of similar messages (collections of
name-value pairs) are sent, the second and subsequent messages include
Note: Please refer the Client Platform
Statement of Direction for specific
releases and certification details from the
Oracle Technology Network at
http://technet.oracle.com.

only the differences from the previous message. This results in significant
reductions in network traffic.
• When the same string is to be repeated on the client display (for example,
when displaying multiple rows of data with the same company name),
Oracle Forms Services sends the string only once, and then references the
string in subsequent messages. Passing strings by reference increases
bandwidth efficiency.
• Data types are transmitted in the lowest number of bytes required for their
value.
• Event Bundling “gathers” all of the events triggered while navigating
between the two objects, and delivers them as a single packet to the Oracle
Forms Services for processing.
Oracle Forms Services Release 6i introduces Internet support with HTTP/1.1
and SSL. Forms Services provides three modes for Web deployment:
• sockets
• HTTP
• HTTPS
Sockets
A socket is a standard programming interface to TCP/IP. The socket mode of
deployment is efficient and simple to use. The Forms Services runs on a
networked host machine and listens on a specified socket or port for connections
from the client running on a user machine. For this method to work, the client
and server machines must be able to communicate with one another directly on
the network. Consequently, it isn’t possible to use a server-side proxy (necessary
for use with a firewall and other security measures) in sockets mode.
HTTP
With HTTP, communication is also accomplished through a “socket connection,”
but it is now an HTTP socket connection. The Forms Services listens for HTTP
connections from a Java Client rather than for proprietary connections via
specified sockets. All internal messaging between the Forms Services and the Java
Client is encapsulated in HTTP packets. An HTTP socket connection makes it
possible for sites to allow secure communication between clients and servers
through a firewall.
HTTPS
HTTPS is an HTTP connection with the addition of a Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
protocol. This provides server authentication, secure data transmission, and data

integrity. To enable an HTTPS connection, you must obtain a certificate from a
Certification Authority (CA) and store this certificate on the server side using
Oracle Wallet Manager (installed with Forms Services). Using HTTPS, you can
deploy Forms applications on the Internet securely with 128-bit encryption for
domestic versions and 40-bit encryption for export versions.
Out-of-the box scalability
Forms Services is optimized to deploy Oracle Forms applications in a multi-tiered
environment. It delivers the application infrastructure and the event model to
ensure that Internet-based Forms applications automatically scale and perform
over any network. Oracle Forms Services is optimized to reduce network traffic
for Internet, intranet, and extranet deployments.
Oracle Forms Services load management enables system administrators to
dynamically balance server load across multiple machines and allocate resources
based on a configurable least-loaded-host algorithm. Load management supports a
distributed environment, with no single point of failure, and promotes the most
efficient use of hardware and system resources.
Oracle Forms Services uses memory mapping to reduce each user’s total memory
footprint. When multiple users access the same .fmx file, the read-only portions of
that file are shared across processes. Shared elements include encoded program
units, boilerplate objects, and images.
Application configuration and management is one of the hidden costs associated
with the delivery of enterprise-wide applications. Oracle Enterprise Manager is
integrated with Oracle Forms Services to enable you to start-up and shutdown
Forms Services; monitor Forms Services and Load Balancer Servers used in load
balancing configurations; and monitor user processes, memory, and CPU
utilization.
Open access to Internet Standards—leveraging Java and Xml
Through code-based integration, Oracle Forms Services gives you the flexibility to
leverage emerging standards, including Java and XML, within your Oracle Forms
applications. This gives you the best of both worlds: the application framework
and built-in scalability and performance of the Forms Services along with the
flexibility to leverage Java and XML to extend your applications.
Through Pluggable Java Components you can use Java to extend your application
UI, and through code-based integration you can access Java Stored Procedures in
the Oracle8i database, as well as Enterprise JavaBeans and XML. A number of
code samples and utilities are available from Oracle Technology Network
(http://technet.oracle.com). These include a form that demonstrates access to a

Java Stored Procedure, a Forms to Java Bridge, and a utility that generates
PL/SQL call specs for a specified Java program.
PROTECT YOUR INVESTMENT
Whenever a new software technology is introduced, early adopters often sacrifice
the benefits of mature, productive, and powerful development tools in the rush to
exploit and deploy the latest thing. Does this mean that cutting-edge businesses
must choose between the latest technology and the best tools?
No.
By choosing the right development tools from the right tool vendor, businesses
can significantly reduce the technology learning curve, dramatically increase
productivity, and actually shorten the time to market while producing higher
quality, more reliable, more scalable applications that effectively exploit the
benefits inherent in new technology.
By the right tools, we mean, among others, Oracle Forms Developer and Oracle
Forms Services.
Throughout its history, Oracle has responded to technological advances with tools
that enable customers to preserve their investment in business logic and
applications development while exploiting the benefits of each new technological
wave. Oracle Forms Developer has enabled companies to leverage character-
based technology into client/server, and client/server technology into Web-
deployed forms. Oracle Forms Services provides the underlying platform and
built-in services that enable immediate exploitation of the benefits of each new
technology while allowing redeployment of legacy forms with just a few changes to
server configuration.
Forms Developer and Forms Services provide all of the traditional productivity
benefits you’d expect in a Rapid Application Development (RAD) environment.
Additionally, they have consistently provided insulation against technology shifts
by allowing you to migrate your applications forward to take advantage of each
new technology as it emerges. Protect your investment and migrate to the Internet
with Oracle Forms Developer and Oracle Forms Services.
CONCLUSION
The demands placed on corporate information systems to readily adapt to
changing business requirements and emerging technologies is overwhelming.
Development teams are continually faced with demands for enhanced application
functionality, improved user interfaces, and more complex, high-performance
deployment configurations. Oracle Forms Developer and Oracle Forms Services
provide a scalable, flexible architecture to automatically deliver high-performance,
enterprise-class applications to all of your users. Oracle customers are using
Oracle Forms Services to support thousands of users around the world, and

benchmarks have proven exceptional performance by running thousands of
concurrent users.
By leveraging the Oracle Internet Platform through its openness and inherent
scalability, Oracle Forms Developer and Oracle Forms Services provide an
integrated delivery environment for Internet applications that automatically scale
and perform.

Oracle9i Application Server: Oracle Forms Services
November 2000
Author: Regis Louis
Oracle Corporation
World Headquarters
500 Oracle Parkway
Redwood Shores, CA 94065
U.S.A.
Worldwide Inquiries:
Phone: +1.650.506.7000
Fax: +1.650.506.7200
www.oracle.com
Oracle Corporation provides the software
that powers the internet.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation. Various
product and service names referenced herein may be trademarks
of Oracle Corporation. All other product and service names
mentioned may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Copyright © 2000 Oracle Corporation
All rights reserved.

Oracle9i application server oracle forms services

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