Organ Donation Awareness Programme
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The document outlines the importance and need for organ donation in India, highlighting the stark contrast between the number of potential donors and actual organ donations made. It discusses various types of organ donations, common conditions leading to brain death, and the legal framework governing organ transplantation, including the HOTA Act. Additionally, it addresses misconceptions regarding organ donation, as well as religious perspectives that affect people's willingness to donate.
Organ Donation Awareness Programme
- 1. Organ Transplantation Awareness Program - Resident Medical Officer Community Medicine
- 2. Not an uncommon sight…
- 3. Outcome Common unfortunate outcome Outcome Can be Changed
- 4. Outline Need of organ donation Types of Organ Donation Which Organs can be Donated Concept of brain death Common conditions leading to brain death Diagnosis of brain death Myths related to organ donation Religious views towards organ donation
- 5. What is need? Corneal blindness is very common in India. More than 3 million cases in India. 60% are <12 years age group. Only 1.5 lakh/year corneal donations in India.
- 6. What is need? 1.5 Lakh new Kidney disease patient every year and only 750 benefitted with renal transplant. More than 5 million patients suffering from liver diseases 50,000 patients dying due to heart diseases India is diabetes capital (2nd in world)
- 7. Skin Donation Life saving for burn patients. It makes wound healing FAST. Skin is removed using specialized knife and preserved like a roll. Skin is taken from un exposed parts of the body: No Disfigurement of body after Skin Donation There is a provision of SKIN BANK to preserve donated skin.
- 8. Situation in INDIA Annually 1.6 lakh people die due to Road Traffic Accidents. 67% death occurs usually due to Brain stem death. It means that there are 93000 potential organ donors every year. But in reality, only 0.05 people donate their organs per 1 lakh population. The rate of organ donation is highest in Spain (35 per 1 lakh population) In India, Tamilnadu ranks first among all states.
- 9. What Can be Donated by living donor? Kidney Blood Lungs Part of liver Liver Part of Pancreas Living Donor Bone marrow
- 10. 2 eyes Lungs Heart Liver Pancreas All Bones & tendons Blood vessels 2 Kidneys Intestine Muscles & ligaments Cartilages Skin & Fascia Larynx 2 hands Penis 20 Fingers What can donated after BSD?
- 12. Deceased Donors Per Million Population 24.25 21.7 21.65 21.5 20 18.1 13.15 12.96 12.18 10.62 6.1 4.3 2.7 0.75 0.12 0.05 33.68 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Spain Austria Portugal Beligium USA France Italy Canada United Kingdom Germany Australia HK Singapore Taiwan Korea Philippines Japan de Villa VH, Chen CL, et al. Transplantation 2003; 75:S2 (Modified from)
- 13. You choose…
- 14. Understanding concept Identify brain-dead patients Promote Organ Donation Solution
- 15. Concept of Death Ultimate reality of life Something fearful and unwanted No discussion End point Clinically cessation of cardio-respiratory function
- 16. Cardio-respiratory Arrest Complete Cessation Of Breathing And Circulation Death
- 17. Concept of Brain Stem Death
- 18. Common Causes of Brain Death Head injury Intra cerebral hemorrhage Ischemic brain damage Tumor Hanging Drowning
- 19. Diagnosis of Brain stem death (According to Harward criteria) Unreceptivity and unresponsivity No movements or breathing No reflexes Only in ICU settings
- 20. HOTA act-1994 Brain death a legally accepted form Establish criteria for brain death declaration Two independent teams to declare Two brain death declarations with 6 hr interval Donation only with consent of next of kin Sale of such organs are prohibited After amendment in 2013, it is called as TOHO (Transplantation of human organs) & Tissue act
- 21. Some recent Amendments in LAW SWAP donation permitted. Grand parents and grand children included in NEAR RELATIVES. To prepare separate regional level and State level Waiting list of Organ Recipients. Provision of Appropriate Authority in case of Donor if Living.
- 22. Government control ZTCC •Maintains list of hospitals registered for organs retrieval and transplantation. •Maintains waiting list of patients who are desirous for organs. • carries fair distribution of organs based on waiting list. • waiting list is prepared on the basis of- Age - Severity of disease - Prognosis/expected survival after transplant Organ Retrieving Hospitals Organs Transplantin g hospitals Multi- organs transplant centres Government control (As per HOTA act-1994) ZTCC No hospital can transplant organ without prior information or permission of ZTCC.
- 23. 1. Today's date there are 55000 waiting for OD. 2. At every 16 minutes, new one is added to the list. 3. 10 die daily from the list without the organ. Tamilnadu is the leading state in India in OD. New concept of SWAP donation is also emerging out HLA matching is mandatory for all OD except Cornea, skin, bones. Some Facts In Maharashtra, First tissue bank was started in Tata memorial hospital Mumbai Rates of OD- India- 0.16/million population USA – 22/million population Spain- 36/million population
- 24. More than 50 organs can be donated after Brain Stem Death
- 25. Exclusion Criteria (for Deceased Donor) Absolute ◦ Age>70 Yrs ◦ Renal disease ◦ Malignancy ◦ Hypertension & infective heart diseases ◦ Intravenous drug abuse ◦ Seropositive ◦ Rabies Relative ◦ Age <6years or >60 years ◦ Mild Hypertension ◦ Early Diabetes
- 26. Problems in Promoting Organ Donation Religious myths Professional Ignorance Apathy to the cause Shy/afraid of discussing donation Don’t know –what to do???? Scared of bad reputation Fear of litigation Poor communication
- 27. Religious Views: Hinduism Believe in rebirth of the soul Body is cremated after death Human form is the highest in the order of re- births before the soul reaches the creator Sacrifice to the fellow humans considered equivalent to service to god Religious laws and scriptures do not prohibit organ donation
- 28. Religious Views: Islam Until early 90s the religious leaders failed to approve of organ donation Mid 90s the religious leader in saudi (mecca) passed a fatwa, making organ donation after death permissible under islamic law
- 29. Religious Views: Christian Catholics view organ donation as an act of charity Ethically and morally acceptable to the vatican Pope john paul ii has given his support to organ donation Protestant groups generally endorse organ donation
- 30. Overall Religious Views All other major religions such as Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism do not oppose organ donation and share similar views as that of hinduism LIFE IS AMAZING… PASS IT ON…!!!
- 31. Positive Changes Aishwarya Rai, Amitabh Bachhan, Jaya Bhachhan, Rajnikanth, Amir Khan and many other film personalities have pledged their Eyes at different times on media Anil Kumble, Sunil Shetty, Yukta Mukhi, Revathi Menon and Madhavan have endorsed their views on multi-organ donation
- 34. You don’t need to be DOCTOR to save LIVES !!! I am an ORGAN DONOR… Are YOU….???
- 35. THANK YOU…