Organic Plant Breeding
Download as PPTX, PDF2 likes146 views
The document discusses organic plant breeding (OPB), emphasizing its significant role in developing crop varieties without chemical inputs, which helps enhance biodiversity and adapt to environmental challenges. It outlines the objectives, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of OPB, highlighting its potential for improved crop quality and productivity. While Pakistan has suitable conditions for OPB, the field faces challenges such as limited research funding and trained personnel.
Organic Plant Breeding
- 1. BREEDING FOR CROP QUALITY TRAITS PBG-511 PBG-511 Organic Plant Breeding Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Department of Plant Breeding Genetics Muhammad Hassan Asadi 20-ARID-3018 Presented to Dr.Munir Ahmed
- 2. PBG-511 Title Page Organic Plant Breeding
- 3. Title Page Introduction Organic Plant Breeding Introduction Organic Plant Breeding refers to development of new cultivar without the use of any chemicals. Looking to the adverse effect of chemicals on human health, soil health and environment, OPB is gaining increased significance all over the world. PBG-511
- 4. PBG-511 Title Page Introduction Orgnic Plant Breeding Introduction WHY DO WE NEED ORGANIC PLANT BREEDING ? Organic plant breeding contributes to the organic farming goals such as the work in accordance with biological systems and to have a positive impact on biodiversity – as organic breeders work with a broader genetic base than conventional breeders.
- 5. PBG-511 Title Page Introduction Objectives Organic Plant Breeding Plant stature Priority to quality Maintains Biodiversity Objectives Considered important for organic varieties not allowed. Competitiveness with weeds Varieties for organic use tend to be taller where weedicides are than those developed for non- organic production. Higher priority is product than yield. given to quality of the given to maintain biodiversity in the variety. Higher emphasis is Higher degree of resistance to biotic stress because insecticides/pesticid es are not allowed. Degree of Resistance
- 6. PBG-511 Introduction Objectives OPB Applications Organic Plant Breeding OPB Applications Organic plant breeding has a wide range of applications, some of which include: Developing disease-resistant varieties Improving nutritional content Adapting to climate change Improving taste and texture Enhancing the sustainability of agriculture Increasing yield and productivity
- 7. PBG-511 Introduction Objectives OPB Applications How do OPB improves Quality? Organic Plant Breeding How does OPB Improve Quality? Organic plant breeding improves the quality of plants by focusing on natural selection and genetic diversity rather than relying on chemical inputs or genetic modification. This results in plants that are better adapted to their environment and are more resistant to pests and diseases. Additionally, organic plant breeding often emphasizes the development of plants with improved nutritional content and taste.
- 8. PBG-511 Introduction How do OPB Improves Qua.. Materials Allowed Objectives OPB Applications Materials Allowed and Chemicals Prohibited Organic Plant Breeding Organic manures Fish meal Leather meal Cotton seed meal Gypsum Botanical pesticides Bioagents Chemicals Prohibited Inorganic fertilizers Insecticides Fungicides Herbicides Growth regulators Defoliators Seed treatment with chemicals Treatment with irradiations
- 9. PBG-511 Introduction Materials Allowed and... Objectives OPB Applications Difference b/w OPB and NPB Organic Plant Breeding Difference b/w Organic Plant Breeding and Non- Organic Plant Breeding
- 10. PBG-511 Introduction Objectives OPB Application Materials Allowed and... Scope in Pakistan Organic Plant Breeding Scope in Pakistan Organic plant breeding has a significant scope in Pakistan as the country has a diverse range of agro-ecological zones that provide ideal conditions for growing a wide variety of crops. Pakistan has a strong tradition of small-scale, family-based farming, which makes it well-suited for the adoption of organic farming methods. Additionally, there is a growing demand for organic products both domestically and internationally, which presents an opportunity for Pakistani farmers to tap into this market. However, the actual implementation of organic plant breeding in Pakistan is still limited. The country does not have a comprehensive and well-funded research program for organic plant breeding. There are some research projects being conducted by universities and non-governmental organizations, but they are mostly limited in scale and not well-coordinated. Additionally, there is a lack of trained personnel and facilities to support organic plant breeding.
- 11. PBG-511 Introduction Objectives OPB Application Scope in Pakis... Recent Work Organic Plant Breeding Recent Work on OPB Organic plant breeding is an ongoing process and research in this field is constantly evolving. Here are a few examples of recent work on organic plant breeding: A study published in 2020 by researchers from the University of California, Davis and the USDA's Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative, found that organic plant breeding can result in higher crop yields and improved plant health compared to conventional breeding methods. In 2020, a team of researchers from the University of Copenhagen published a study in which they identified genetic markers for plant resistance to powdery mildew in barley. These markers can be used in organic plant breeding to develop disease-resistant barley varieties. In 2019, a study by researchers at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences found that organic plant breeding can lead to the development of crops with improved nutritional content. They found that organically grown barley had higher levels of antioxidants and minerals than conventionally grown barley.
- 12. PBG-511 Introduction Materials Allowed and... Objectives OPB Application Advantages Organic Plant Breeding Advantages Developing cultivars and hybrids suitable for organic farming. Organic varieties helps in reducing the cost of cultivation by avoiding the use of various agrochemicals. Ecofriendly. Permits multiplication of natural enemies of harmful insects resulting in effective biological control. More emphasis is given on improvement of quality rather than yield. Use of chemicals is prohibited. Insecticides will not reach the food chain. Beneficial soil microflora will increase and ground water and rain water will be free from contamination of chemicals. Use of organic varieties will lead to sustainable agriculture. promotes use of biological inputs such as organic manures, botanical pesticides which do not have any adverse effect on the ecosystem.
- 13. PBG-511 Introduction Materials Allowed and.... Objectives OPB Application Advantag es Disadvantages Organic Plant Breeding Disadvantages Banning use of induced mutation technique will have adverse effect on progress of OPB. Banning of Protoplasm Fusion technique will act as a barrier in somatic hybridization. The breeding efficiency will go down and breeding will be more expensive. Restriction on the exchange of materials between traditional and organic breeding will have adverse effect in the progress of OPB. Banning of useful techniques/chemicals such as Tissue culture techniques, GMO and colchicine will prolong the period of developing organic varieties.
- 14. PBG-511 Materials Allowed and... Disadvanta ges Introductions Objectives OPB Techniques Advanta ges Conclusions Organic Plant Breeding Conclusions Organic plant breeding varies to accommodate different sets of conditions and needs. These include differences in regional growing conditions (such as varieties of insects, diseases, and weeds) and different fertility issues. Many conventional crops are bred to withstand cross-country or even international shipping. To serve niche markets, local markets, and health-conscious consumers, organic breeders can select for higher nutrition or enhanced flavor, rather than how well seeds survive shipment. When bred for these traits, organic farmers gain unique varieties that are designed to thrive in organic growing conditions.