ORGANIZING AND DELIVERING A PERSUASIVE SPEECH.pptx
- 2. PERSUASIVE SPEECH Persuasive speaking is the form of communication that people of diverse backgrounds mostly engage in. This kind of speech can center on any arguably interesting topic under the sun. When you deliver your persuasive speech, your primary goal is to influence the thoughts, feelings, actions, and behavior or attitudes of your listeners (Gamble & Gamble, 2012). Likewise, you also aim to change their perception and convince them that your argument is more important, practical, attainable, or feasible.
- 3. Adapt your persuasive speech to your audience
- 4. Adapting to a favorable audience • A favorable audience means most of the listeners agree with you • need to sustain and build on their favorable attitude.
- 5. Adapting to a neutral audience • A NEUTRAL AUDIENCE IS ONE IN WHICH THE MAJORITY OF THE LISTENERS HAVE NOT REACHED A DECISION ABOUT YOUR THESIS. • tHEY WILL LISTEN TO ALL SIDES OF AN ARGUMENT EQUALLY, SO YOU NEED TO GIVE THEM INFORMATION TO PERSUADE THEM TO TAKE A STAND.
- 6. Adapting to an Apathetic audience • An apathetic audiencce is one in which the majority of the listeners have no interests in your thesis/topic. • Need to show how your thesis affects them to persuade.
- 7. Adapting to a Hostile audience • A hostile audience is one in which the majority of the listeners oppose your thesis. • Need to show the listeners that they are being fair in listening to you, that what you have to say matters to them, and that you are worth listening to.
- 8. How are you going to influence the thoughts, feelings, actions, and behavior or attitudes of your listeners ?
- 9. Persuasive speeches use various appeals • PATHOS • ETHOS • LOGOS
- 10. EMOTIONAL APPEAL (PATHOS) • cite specifics • use vivid language • include personal references
- 11. Establish your character and ethics (ETHOS) • show you are competent to be talking about your topic • be sincere and genuine in your delivery • be energetic and enthusiastic about your topic • prove you are a credible voice on your topic
- 12. Apply logical reasoning (LOGOS) • Use reasons supported by evidence to explain/justify your thesis. evidence from your life experience evidence from your research evidence from other people
- 13. QUALITIES GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. Well-defined goal • What is your specific goal in mind? • Do you expect your audience to think differently, act differently, or both, after they listen to your speech? 2. Clear main point • Is the main point of your speech clear to you? • Is it specific and focused? 3. Sufficient supporting ideas • Do you have factual statement, reliable sources, or solid evidence to support your main point? • Do you have enough numbers of supporting statement? 4. Logical reasoning (concrete reasons why your listeners should support your ideas) • How will you state your argument? • Will you use any of the following? • deductive (general evidence to specific) • inductive (specific evidence to general) • causal (cause/s or effect/s or vice versa) • Analogy (compared to things or situations) QUALITIES OF AN EFFECTIVE PERSUASIVE SPEECH
- 14. 5. Effective and powerful ways to gain the attention of your audience • Do you use any of the following effective techniques to grab the attention of your listeners and engage them in your speech? • Powerful and relevant question • Striking statistics • Shocking incident • Memorable anecdotes • Humorous observation or experiences 6. Compelling ideas to make your target audience feel and think • Do you appeal to your listener’s mind? • Do you appeal to your listener’s heart? 7.Salient motives to target the salient needs of your audience. • Do you motivate you audience by incorporating ideas and thoughts important to their growth and development as individuals?
- 15. 1. Speech that Questions Fact This type questions the existence of a particular event of happening. In this case, the persuasive speaker poses questions of facts, derives conclusion from different sources or information, and attempts to convince the audience to believe in his/her ideas. 2. Speech that Questions Value this type focuses on questions of value regarding topics on the self, family, friendship, religions, government, freedom, love, and money among others. In this case, the persuasive speaker (1) makes a statement or claims which reflects his or her judgment, (2) attempts to convince his or her audience of his or her judgment, and (3) justifies it based on standards. 3. Speech that Questions Policy this type questions the current state of things which can impact the future. In this case, the persuasive speech asks relevant questions that can help in making a decision on whether or not something should be implemented, observed, or done. TYPES OF CLAIMS IN PERSUASIVE SPEECH
- 16. PROPOSITIONS OF FACT refers to a condition (has existed), exist(present),or will exist (future). inferences made are based on data,documents, and scientific research or observations. Guide questions: • did it happen? • does it exist? • is it true? • how can its truthfulness can be verified? • Is it a fact?
- 17. Examples: • The oldest known disease in the world is leprosy. • Cancer is not contagious. • The climate will get warmer in the next few years because of global warming.
- 18. How to defend your propositions of fact • State the claim clearly • define terms that may be controversial or ambigous so that readers know exactly what you mean. • Make sure that your evidence fulfills the appropriate criteria.
- 19. • Make clear when conclusions about the data are inferences or interretations, not facts. • Arrange your evidence in order to emphasize what is most important.
- 20. Propositions of Value • are value judgment made based on morals, standards, and norms. • argues that something is good or bad, or that one thing is better than another thing.
- 21. Examples: • Death penalty is unjust. • It is better to have loved and lost, than never to have loved at all. • It’s better to apply good nutritional choices at home than teach them at school, because good nutrition then becomes ingrained in the child’s experience.
- 22. Guide questions on propositions of value • Which claims endorse what is good or bad? • What qualities should be considered good? why? • Which of these values content with others? • Which ones are more important, and why? • Whose standards are used?
- 23. How to defend your propositions of Value • Try to make clear that the values or principles you are defending should ave priority on any scale of values • Keep in mind that you and your readets may differ about their relative importance. • Suggest that adherence to the values you are defending will bring about good result in some specific situation or bad results in respect for the values ignored.
- 24. • Since value terms are abstract, use examples and illustrations to clarify meanings and make distinction
- 25. Propositions of Policy •argues that certain conditions should exist, or that something should or should not be done, in order to solve a problem.
- 26. • A dress code should be introduced for all students • President Duterte recalled order allowing kids aged 10 to 14 outside their homes.
- 27. How to defend propositions of policy • Convince your audience that a problem exists. • Make your proposal clear. • Establish that there is a nedd for change.
- 28. • Devote the major part of your essay to providing that your proposal is an answer to the opposing arguments and there are distinct benefits for your readers in adopting your proposal. • Support your proposal with solid data, but don’t neglect the moral considerations and the common-sense reasons, which may be even more persuasive.
- 29. 1. Winning by cheating is worse than losing honesty. 2. The recent earthquake in January 2021,registered 7.0 on the richter scale. 3. Teachers are expected to retire on or before their 60th bbirthday. 4. Earthquake prediction technology is an important aspect of the Philippine National Defense strategy. 5.Hospitals will prioritize patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms.
- 30. 6.The increase of population threatens the environment. 7.Excessive consumption of alcohol is fatalistic. 8.Watching television is a wasteful activity. 9.Globally, about 1 in 3 women will be beaten or raped in her lifetime.
- 31. 10. The transition of Philippine President’s mark significant changes in our culture and society. Despite the fact that History classes provide a comprehensive discussion on these salient motives, very few appreciate the positive influence, the moral changes, and the contribution of President in the ccountry.
- 32. ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN 1. A.F.O.R.E.S.T. (anecdotes, facts and figures, opinion, rhetorical questions, emotive language, superlatives, tripling) Below are the rules in applying this pattern. 1. Anecdotes. Begin your speech with a personal story, observation or experience. 2. Facts and figures. Provide striking statistics that can support your ideas. 3. Opinion. Add in your opinion. You can begin with your statement with, “I believe that….”. 4. Rhetorical Questions. Think off and add engaging rhetorical question ( i.e., questions which do not intend to elicit answers, but to make a point.) 5. Emotive language. Appeal to your audience’s emotion. 6. Superlatives. Use superlatives to exaggerate an idea. 7. Tripling. The rule of three in the English writing principle simply entails using three words together to reinforce your point. This may add to the effectiveness of your persuasion. A classic example is Julius Caesar’s statement: “Veni, vidi, vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered).
- 33. 2. Problem-solution a. Identify the problem b. Provide a solution, which will show the practicality of your proposal 3. Problem-Cause-Solution a. Identify the problem b. Analyze the root causes of the problem c. Provide a solution to the problem 4. Comparative Advantages a. Identify the problem b. Present at least two solutions to the problem c. Compare the two in terms of practicality and feasibility
- 34. 5. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Alan Monroe- a professor from Purdue University, created an outline for making speeches based on the psychology of persuasion How to Apply this Technique? 1. Grab the attention of the audience by identifying the challenge you plan to address 2. Establish the need or urgency to address the identified challenge. 3. Present possible solutions to your audience to satisfy the need. 4. Help audience visualize. 5. Engage the audience to participate in promoting change through a call for action
- 35. METHODS OF PERSUASION • They perceive that the speaker has credibility. • They are convinced by the evidence presented by the speaker. • They are convinced by the speaker’s reasoning. • Their emotions are touched by the speaker’s ideas or use of language.
- 36. 1. How to enhance your credibility? a. Explain how you became an expert on the topic b. Connect your experiences, beliefs, values or attitudes with your audience’s. c. Practice more often so you can deliver your speech with conviction 2. How to use evidence a. Specify evidence b. Avoid Outdated evidence c. Choose reputable sources of evidence
- 37. 3. How to use Reasoning Note: Avoid logical fallacies or errors in reasoning. a. Ad Hominem – this happens when you attack the character of a person instead of his argument b. Circular argument – this happens when the idea of a stated argument is repeated. c. False analogy – happens when two things, which might be alike in some respects are compared and assumed to be similar in other ways. d. False authority – happens when a statement of someone who is not an expert in the field in question is being used in an argument
- 38. e. False Cause and effect – happens when the connection between two consecutive events are not clear f. Hasty generalization – happens when a conclusion is drawn from insufficient evidence g. Red Herring – happens when the answer does not address the question 4. How to Use Emotional Appeal a. Internalize what you are saying. b. Use emotion appropriately.