Overview_Linux ppt

( TUX the penguin, mascot
of Linux. )
LINUX
PROJECT
By LPG

CONTENTS
History of the linux
Definition & Description
What is Linux ?
About Linux
Versions of Linux
Features
Application
Goals
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
References

In 80’s, Microsoft’s DOS was mostly used OS for PC
UNIX was much better, but much more expensive. Only
for minicomputer for commercial applications
Apple MAC OS was better, but was also expensive
People were looking for an Operating system, which is
cheaper and can easily run on PC
All DOS, MAC and UNIX were proprietary, i.e., the
source code of their kernel was protected
No modification was possible without paying high
License fees.

Linux is a fast, stable open
source, Unix like OS that was designed
to provide PC users a free or very low-
cost OS comparable to traditional and
expensive Unix systems.

About Linux
Linux itself is a core of O.S. that is the kernel. The
kernel is nontrivial program.
Linus Torvalds is the principal Author of the Linux
Kernel.
Kernel is responsible for execution of programs,
memory management, accessing disks, and
managing network connection.
On 17th September 1991 the O.S. named FreaX 0.01
was finished.
After six months nameFreax was replaced by LinuX .
Linux is developed in assembly language and
C programming

Linux was originally developed as Open Source
operating system for Intel x86-based PCs
In the heterogeneous network Linux co-operates by the
native support of network protocols with Macintosh,
Novell and Windows
At the beginning of 2001 at least 10 million Linux user
world-wide.
Over 3,200 developers from 200 companies have
contributed to the kernel
The Revolution of Open source O.S. started.

Whats Open Source
Open source means the code or the program will be
available freely :-
The underlying source code can be used, modified,
and distributed commercially or non-commercially
under GNU’s GPL.
GNU is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix”,
was established by Richard Stallman in 1984.
In 1985, Stallman started FSF and wrote the GNU
GPL in 1989.
It provide Sell support for the software, without any
limitations.
Aim is betterment of software development.

Linux vs Windows
Manufacturer
Linux kernel is developed by the community. Linus Torvalds
oversees things
Microsoft created the Windows operating system, distributers
distribute their own computers with Windows pre-installed.
SECURITY
Linux has about 60-100 viruses listed till date.Not actively
spreading. Eg. Owl, Master, Devil-Linux, Smoothwall, etc.
There have been more than 60,000 viruses in Windows. Anti
Virus cost about $20 to $400
Cost
Linux can be freely distributed, downloaded.
For desktop or home use, Windows can be expensive.

All directories are attached to root directory, e.g. /dev,/bin,/boot,etc
You should know what volume (C:, D:,...) a file resides on to select it.
File system support
Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, Jfs, ReiserFS, Xfs, Btrfs, FAT, FAT32, NTFS
FileAllocTable, FAT32, NewTechFileSys, exFAT
Supported platforms
All
PowerPC: vers 1.0 - NT 4.0; DEC Alpha: vers 1.0 - NT 4.0; MIPS
R4000: vers 1.0 - NT 4.0; IA-32: vers
1.0 - 8; IA-64: vers XP; x86-64: vers XP - 8; ARM: vers RT;
Usage
Linux can be installed on computer hardware, ranging
From mobile phones, tablet and video game consoles etc.
On PC's desktops, laptops, servers and some phones.
File System

Available language(s) Multilingual Multilingual
Processors Dozens of different kinds. Limited but most (80%)
License GNU/Free Proprietary
Preceded by Basic Terminal (CLI) MS-DOS
Source model Open Source Closed / Shared
source
Update method Many Windows Update
Examples Ubuntu, Fedora, Red
Hat, Debian, Android
Windows 8, 8.1, 7,
Viata, XP
Default user interface Gnome or KDE (Depends
on distro)
Graphical (Windows
Aero)
Company / developer Linus Torvalds Microsoft

Distribution
A Distributor is usually a developer team that takes
advance from the Linux system core (Kernel) to offer a
installation-able software package.
A particular assortment of applications installed on top of a
set of libraries married with a version of the kernel.
Some Linux distributions are intended for desktop
computers, some for servers without a graphical interface,
and others for special uses, such as home theater PCs.
Linux distributions can be broadly categorized
into two groups.

The commercial distros generally offers support for their
distribution – at cost. They also tends to have longer releases
of cycle. E.g. Red Hat ,SuSE, etc.
The non commercial distros are free. The non commercial
distros try to adhere to original spirit of open source software.
http://www.linux.org/dist/list.html
http://fedora.redhat.com/
These are the links where you can find some distributions.
Over three hundred distributions are in active development,
constantly being revised and improved.
http://www.linuxbasis.com/distributions.html

Features
A modern, very stable, multi-user, virus protected,
safe, multitasking environment.
Advanced graphical user interface.
Linux uses a standard, network-transparent X-
windowing system with a "window manager“.
The graphical desktop under Linux can be made to
look as MS Windows.
It provide friendly support for networking purposes.
It has variety of tools and many more can be added

Now Linux has been used with more computer hardware
platforms than any other OS.
As of June 2013, more than 95% of the world's
500 fastest supercomputers run some variant
of Linux, including all the 44 fastest.
Linux also runs on Embedded system consoles.
It is a leading OS on servers , mainframe
computers and supercomputers.
The Android system in wide use on mobile
devices is built on the Linux kernel.
Uses

The well known Android for your smart phones
is developed by using linux kernel.
Linux providing database and trading services for
companies like
Amazon, the well-known online bookshop,
US Post Office, the German army and many
others.
Uses

Advantages
Linux is easy to install!
Errors in the code itself are far more likely to be caught and quickly fixed
under the watchful eyes of peers.
Kernel of the Linux can be customized to user’s needs.
Under Linux user can run any program allowed by the system
administrator on server without having to redesign that program.
Under the GPL system programmers can release code without the fear
of being used
Linux is less vulnerable to computer malware! Because most
computer malware are designed to attack Windows (often through Active
X which is not typically found in Linux)
the odds are considerably less for Linux to be infected with a virus than
Windows
The same holds true with spyware, trojans, and worms. While Linux
malware does exist, they are relatively few in number and none have
become widespread so far

Conclusion
In the end, it's the participation that matters.
Any open source software project is no more than the
sum of what its contributors put into it.
Run the program for any purpose you want to, rather
than be restricted in what you can use it for.
View the program's source code. Improve the program
and release those improvements so that others can use them.
Linux kernel has progressed as quickly and well as it has
because of large group of developers, working to make it
better.

The kernel is a premier example of what can be
done when thousands of people work together
toward a common goal.
But, most other participants in the Linux
ecosystem can benefit through contributing to the
kernel.
Getting code into the mainline is the key to higher
code quality, lower maintenance and distribution
costs, an influence of kernel development.
It is situation where everybody involved wins.
Fire up your editor and we can join them;
we all are always welcome .

References
Linux From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux
NJIT linux presentation, Author Jolanta Soltis
Linux orgnisation www.linux.org , www.linux.com ,
Linux community presentation.
Download Source Code from:
http://www.kernel.org
Books:
Unix User Guide – Rebecca Thomas
Your UNIX: The Ultimate Guide-Sumitabha Da

Hopefully it has provided a helpful
understanding of how the Linux kernel
is developed and how you can
participate in that process.
Thank You

Overview_Linux ppt

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Overview_Linux ppt