Ozone - Evolution of hdfs scalability
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The document discusses Ozone, which is designed to address HDFS scalability limitations and enable trillions of file system objects. It was created as HDFS struggles with hundreds of millions of files. Ozone uses a microservices architecture of Ozone Manager, Storage Container Managers, and Recon Server to divide responsibilities and scale independently. It provides seamless transition for applications like YARN, MapReduce, Hive and Spark, and supports Kubernetes deployments. The document outlines Ozone's architecture, deployment options, write and read paths, usage similarities to HDFS/S3, enterprise-grade features around security, high availability and roadmap.
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![7 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved.
Notions
A few fundamentals
● Volumes ~ user accounts
● Buckets ~ directories (no sub-buckets)
● Keys ~ files
● Volume can have many buckets
● Buckets can have many keys
● Key is composed of Blocks, Blocks are further divided into Chunks
● HDDS Notions
○ Containers [Collection of Blocks]
○ Pipeline](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ozoneevolutionofhdfsscalability-190925043454/85/Ozone-Evolution-of-hdfs-scalability-7-320.jpg)
![8 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved.
Architecture
Ozone’s Microservices - Divide, Conquer, Scale
● Ozone Manager - namespace [~Namenodes]
● Storage Container Managers - blockspace [~BlockServer]
● Recon Server - Control Plane
● S3 Gateway
● Datanodes](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ozoneevolutionofhdfsscalability-190925043454/85/Ozone-Evolution-of-hdfs-scalability-8-320.jpg)
![17 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ozone for Enterprise
High Availability
● Built-in HA
● Single HA Configuration mode
● Regular HA Configuration mode [3 instances of OM/SCM]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ozoneevolutionofhdfsscalability-190925043454/85/Ozone-Evolution-of-hdfs-scalability-17-320.jpg)
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While you could be tempted assuming data is already safe in a single Hadoop cluster, in practice you have to plan for more. Questions like: "What happens if the entire datacenter fails?, or "How do I recover into a consistent state of data, so that applications can continue to run?" are not a all trivial to answer for Hadoop. Did you know that HDFS snapshots are handling open files not as immutable? Or that HBase snapshots are executed asynchronously across servers and therefore cannot guarantee atomicity for cross region updates (which includes tables)? There is no unified and coherent data backup strategy, nor is there tooling available for many of the included components to build such a strategy. The Hadoop distributions largely avoid this topic as most customers are still in the "single use-case" or PoC phase, where data governance as far as backup and disaster recovery (BDR) is concerned are not (yet) important. This talk first is introducing you to the overarching issue and difficulties of backup and data safety, looking at each of the many components in Hadoop, including HDFS, HBase, YARN, Oozie, the management components and so on, to finally show you a viable approach using built-in tools. You will also learn not to take this topic lightheartedly and what is needed to implement and guarantee a continuous operation of Hadoop cluster based solutions.
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Realtime stream processing brings unique challenges with respect to data handling guarantees and fault tolerance. Each streaming product comes with a unique approach to tackle these problems. When assembling a streaming pipeline, it is important to understand this critical topic for proper selection and configuration of the individual components of the pipeline. The exercise to determine if you are missing some records in your data lake can be expensive, but it can be extremely difficult to track down the cause to prevent it from recurring.
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Salesforce Data Cloud- Hyperscale data platform, built for Salesforce.
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Microsoft AI Nonprofit Use Cases and Live Demo_2025.04.30.pdf
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Ozone - Evolution of hdfs scalability
- 1. Ozone: Evolution of HDFS Scalability to trillions of file system objects Dinesh Chitlangia
- 2. 2 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Credits ● Apache Hadoop community ● Cloudera ● ApacheCON Chicago
- 3. 3 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Ozone - Why, When, What Notions Architecture Deployment Ozone - Write & Read path Using Ozone Ozone for Enterprise Q & A Agenda
- 4. 4 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Why? Challenges with HDFS ● Regular users ~ 200M files ● Heavy users ~ 400M+ files ● Make your HDFS healthy day ● Limited scalability of Namespace/Blockspace/Client/RPC ● Future ○ Cloud ○ Streaming ○ Small files are inevitable
- 5. 5 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. When? When you need scale/cloud and HDFS stalls you. ● Scale - Files/Throughput ● Archival Store / Large Data Store / Dedicated Storage Clusters ● S3 is the new NFS ● Cloud like presence on-prem ● Cannot control small files ● Adopting K8 and need big data capable file system
- 6. 6 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. What? Spiritual successor to HDFS ● Object Store for Big Data ● Set of Microservices - Divide, Conquer, Scale ● Scale both Objects & IOPS ● Namenode bottleneck is history ● Seamless transition for Yarn, MapReduce, Hive, Spark apps. ● Supports K8s, CSI and ability to run on K8s natively.
- 7. 7 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Notions A few fundamentals ● Volumes ~ user accounts ● Buckets ~ directories (no sub-buckets) ● Keys ~ files ● Volume can have many buckets ● Buckets can have many keys ● Key is composed of Blocks, Blocks are further divided into Chunks ● HDDS Notions ○ Containers [Collection of Blocks] ○ Pipeline
- 8. 8 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Architecture Ozone’s Microservices - Divide, Conquer, Scale ● Ozone Manager - namespace [~Namenodes] ● Storage Container Managers - blockspace [~BlockServer] ● Recon Server - Control Plane ● S3 Gateway ● Datanodes
- 9. 9 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Architecture The Big Picture
- 10. 10 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Deployment Variants
- 11. 11 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Ozone - Write Path Similar to DFS Write, Blocks are written directly to Datanodes
- 12. 12 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Ozone - Read Path Similar to DFS Read, Blocks are read directly from Datanodes
- 13. 13 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Using Ozone: Is it as painful as HDFS? We hear you and we have to setup Ozone every time we test. ● Docker ○ docker-compose up -d ○ runs it on local machine ● K8s ○ helm install ozone ● Traditional tarball ○ Untar ○ Run genconfig ○ Update the configurations ● If you are familiar with HDFS commands ○ dfs -ls hdfs://user ● with ozone, it will become ○ dfs -ls o3fs://user ● If you are familiar with S3 commands like ○ aws s3 ls -endpoint=us-west1. /bucketName ● with Ozone s3 it becomes ○ aws s3 ls -endpoint=s3g.local. /bucketName Setup Usage
- 14. 14 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Ozone for Enterprise Designed for Scale ● 10 Billion Keys will be supported in first official release ● Partial Namespace in memory ● Off heap memory usage ● Scale OM/SCM independently, without any disruption ● Create large aggregations of metadata ~ Storage Containers ● Evenly distribute metadata across the cluster including Datanodes
- 15. 15 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Ozone for Enterprise Ensuring Correctness & Consistency ● RAFT Consensus Protocol via Apache RATIS ● RocksDB for metadata storage ● Tested with industry recognised off-the-shelf components ○ Blockade Tests - Tests to inject errors/failures in the clusters ○ Tested Apache Spark, YARN, Hive workloads ○ Real world workloads in Apache Spark ○ K8s based clusters, long running clusters, ephemeral clusters ○ S3AFileSystem & similar open source test suites to test S3 Gateway ○ Freon - custom load generator
- 16. 16 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Ozone for Enterprise Simplified Security ● Similar to HDFS, relies on Kerberos / Delegation Token / Block Token ● SCM comes with its own Certificate Authority and users DO NOT need to know about it. ● Kerberos is only needed for OM/SCM, not for datanodes ● Security is on by default, not an afterthought ● Transparent Data Encryption ● Selectively audit READ or WRITE events, switch configs without the need to restart.
- 17. 17 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Ozone for Enterprise High Availability ● Built-in HA ● Single HA Configuration mode ● Regular HA Configuration mode [3 instances of OM/SCM]
- 18. 18 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Ozone for Enterprise Road ahead ● Stability & Scale testing ○ TPC-DS, Chaos Monkey, Scale testing with Partners ● Network Topology ● HA Support ● Disk Scanner ● In-place upgrades for HDFS Clusters ● Erasure Coding ● GDPR Compliance ● Consistent Reads from Standby OM/SCM ● Apache Ranger - Ozone Plugin
- 19. 19 © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Ozone for Enterprise References https://hadoop.apache.org/ozone/ https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/HADOOP/Ozone+Road+Map
- 20. © Cloudera, Inc. All rights reserved. Q & A
- 21. THANK YOU