![Non-Monetary Use Cases
18
✤ Enabling mechanisms for Distributed File Storage
across untrusted peers (Agoric Open Systems)
✤ Title Registries: Land, Shares, basically any property
ownership record system.
✤ Naming Systems: Domain Names or any controlled
namespace.
✤ Basis for Identity Systems and hence Decentralised
Social Networking and [Simple] E-Voting.
✤ Digital Document signature and time-stamping
systems. e.g. eDiscovery in judicial systems.
✤ eResearch scientific publication and Information
Provenance and Distributed Knowledge generally.
12345
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Input Transaction Name + Index
Input Script
Output Script
#0 #1 #2
#1 #2#0](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/iitpparadigm-shift-150721002235-lva1-app6892/85/Paradigm-shift-from-the-bitcoin-Blockchain-to-Networked-Computing-18-320.jpg)
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Paradigm shift: from the bitcoin Blockchain to Networked Computing
- 1. Vikram Kumar Co-founder, Swerl. July 2015 Paradigm Shift from the bitcoin Blockchain to Networked Computing Copyright © 2015, Swerl IO ltd. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
- 2. A bit of Bitcoin History 2 STARTED WITH WORK BY DAVID CHAUM Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments, 1983 Discussions and implementations throughout the 90’s and 2000’s on Cypherpunk mailing list and Financial Cryptography Conferences.
- 3. A bit of Bitcoin History 3 Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System NOV 2008: BITCOIN PAPER PUBLISHED BY SATOSHI NAKAMOTO
- 4. A bit of Bitcoin History 4 Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System NOV 2008: BITCOIN PAPER PUBLISHED BY SATOSHI NAKAMOTO Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System JAN 2009: NETWORK CAME INTO EXISTENCE
- 5. A bit of Bitcoin History 5 Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System NOV 2008: BITCOIN PAPER PUBLISHED BY SATOSHI NAKAMOTO Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System JAN 2009: NETWORK CAME INTO EXISTENCE AUG 2010: ONLY MAJOR SECURITY FLAW
- 6. A bit of Bitcoin History 6 Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System NOV 2008: BITCOIN PAPER PUBLISHED BY SATOSHI NAKAMOTO Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System JAN 2009: NETWORK CAME INTO EXISTENCE AUG 2010: ONLY MAJOR SECURITY FLAW followed not long after by Litecoin APR 2011: 1ST ALTCOIN LAUNCHED - NAMECOIN
- 7. 12345 Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Input Transaction Name + Index Input Script Output Script #0 #1 #2 #1 #2#0 A Blockchain is Bitcoin’s major architectural contribution 7
- 9. Verification of Transactions 9 TRANSACTION INPUTTRANSACTIONNAME+INDEX INPUTSCRIPT OUPUTSCRIPT #0 #1 #2 #1 #2 INPUTSCRIPT #0 OUTPUTSCRIPTfromTXN-X OUTPUT#2 INPUTSCRIPT #1 OUTPUTSCRIPTfromTXN-Y OUTPUT#3 INPUTSCRIPT #2 OUTPUTSCRIPTfromTXN-Z OUTPUT#0 Transaction Inputs and Outputs contain small executable scripts. When combined and executed in a network node, produce an script 'invalid' or 'valid' answer. This is the first step in verifying a transaction. The collection of scripts in a Transaction is often referred to as a Smart Contract.
- 10. Blocks in Bitcoin 10 A Block contains Verified Transactions and links to a parent Block. 12345 Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction
- 11. Blockchain(s) 11 A Blockchain does not exist per se peers converge over time to form a consensus view of accepted Blocks. In bitcoin convergence is based on the highest computational difficulty of a Block’s hash-chain. A Blockchain is a shared transaction log over a network of contributing computing nodes. Essentially it is an authenticated Network Database that grows. A Blockchain is not limited to currencies or financial systems. It can record any information. bitcoin and units of value (aka. Money) are the first apps. 12345 Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Input Transaction Name + Index Input Script Output Script #0 #1 #2 #1 #2#0
- 12. Use Blockchains when 12 ✤ A log of verified, immutable transactions needs to be created. ✤ Transparency is important. Replication makes it difficult to change history and all transactions can be independently verified. ✤ Lowering the cost to participation is important e.g. no need for a-priori trust or pre-authorisation of participants. ✤ Need to record transactions from Untrusted sources. ✤ Want decentralised or entirely distributed deployment e.g. for resilience and/or transparency.
- 13. Many Blockchains Bloom 13 bitcoin is the largest Blockchain network but it is not the only one. bitcoin Extensions: ColoredCoins Pegged Side-Chains Non-bitcoin: Smart Contracts Make Your Own
- 14. Coloured Coins 14 Represents and manages arbitrary assets using metadata embedded in the Bitcoin Blockchain. Uses the Bitcoin network to achieve scale, adoption and robustness. More information: coloredcoins.org
- 15. Pegged Side-chains 15 Enables asset representations of new chains to be pegged to bitcoin. Leverages the distributed trust in bitcoin to enable finer grained representations of specific community value without polluting the larger network with local transactions. Interoperable with the bitcoin Blockchain in a way that permits rapid innovation of value models. More information: blockstream.com
- 16. Smart-Contract Platforms 16 Ethereum allows any addressable user-created script (executable contract) to run as a reactive process within the Ethereum Blockchain. Completely separate technology and ecosystems to bitcoin. More information: ethereum.org
- 17. Make Your Own 17 Everything is open source and therefore can be used to get started. Two starting points: Bitcoin or Eris Industries’ More information: erisindustries.com/products/erisdb
- 18. Non-Monetary Use Cases 18 ✤ Enabling mechanisms for Distributed File Storage across untrusted peers (Agoric Open Systems) ✤ Title Registries: Land, Shares, basically any property ownership record system. ✤ Naming Systems: Domain Names or any controlled namespace. ✤ Basis for Identity Systems and hence Decentralised Social Networking and [Simple] E-Voting. ✤ Digital Document signature and time-stamping systems. e.g. eDiscovery in judicial systems. ✤ eResearch scientific publication and Information Provenance and Distributed Knowledge generally. 12345 Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Transaction Input Transaction Name + Index Input Script Output Script #0 #1 #2 #1 #2#0
- 19. Network Computing 19 Swerl's focus is Information Provenance and Distributed Knowledge in the Pervasive Computing era. Using Blockchains to enable secure complex real-time information flows across organisations and untrusted computing elements. Blockchains for the Internet-of-Things and everything else - true Networked Computing.
- 20. track flow re:use re:purpose National Animal Identification and Tracing NAIT example reconsidered. 20
- 21. ✤ Treat Networks as the Computers made up of calculation and communication ✤ An emphasis on Dataflow, where code is executed by fungible peers across networks. ✤ Bringing the Cloud Computing model of provisioning, deployment and execution to the edge. ✤ Architected as a loose collection of Micro-Services operating in a Service Centric Network. ✤ Forms a complex system. To make it tractable and secure we're making things simple and using a formal basis for everything. ✤ Identity, Privacy, Security and Trust baked in from day one. Not an after thought 101001010 01001001 01001101 Aspects of Network Computing 21
- 22. Aspects of Network Computing 22 Blockchains are a fundamental abstraction.
- 23. ✤ Blockchains are emerging from the shadows of bitcoin as a technological step-change. ✤ Simplistically, think of a blockchain as a shared transaction- oriented database in the network. A Networked Database. ✤ Many possible use cases where Networked Information assurance is a must. ✤ Swerl’s Networked Computing uses Blockchains as a key architectural abstraction. Summary 23
- 24. Questions /Comments Vikram Kumar Co-founder, Swerl email: [email protected] twitter: @vikram_nz ™ Copyright © 2015, Swerl IO ltd. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
- 25. swerl.io ™