Parental care in amphibians

Parental care is common among amphibians, with 18% of salamander species and 6% of frog and toad species receiving care from both parents. Amphibians exhibit various forms of parental care including building nests, transporting tadpoles, carrying eggs attached to their bodies, and giving live birth (viviparity). In frogs, parental care involves nest building and guarding of eggs, transporting tadpoles, or carrying eggs in pouches or stomachs. In salamanders, both parents may coil around and guard eggs or exhibit viviparity by retaining young in the uterus until metamorphosis. While methods vary across the three amphibian classes, parental care helps increase offspring survival.