PARTICIPATE ON LAND USE PLAN PREPARATION LEVEL III by RETA.pptx

AT MINISTRY OF LABOR AND SKILL AGARFA
AGRICULTURAL TVET COLLEGE
Occupational Standard: Natural Resources
Conservation and Development Level: III
Unit Title: Participate in Preparation of Land Use
Plan
Unit Code: AGR NRC3 11 0318
• LO1: Collect land information
• LO2: Identify the problems
• LO3: Determine existing alternative solutions
and the best options
• LO4: Prepare and Implement the plan
12/28/2022 1
prepared by Reta. M

At the end of this unit of competence the students able to;
 Assess land and related information
 Assess and evaluate present and future needs
 Collect, organize and analyze data.
 Prepare problem identification procedures
 Identify key land use problems
 Prioritize identified problems
 Identify conflicts between competing uses
 Identify challenge solution methods
 Assess land resource, management option and opportunities
 Choose sustainable options
 Apply selected options
 Develop strategic plan
 Outline development plan
 Prepare land use plan
 Organize and mobilize resource
 Implement land use plan
 Do monitoring and evaluation of land use plan
 Review land use plan
12/28/2022 2
prepared by Reta. M

LO1: Collect land information
1.1. Definition of some key terms and concept of
LUP
Land is an ultimate resource in that the
rights to own/use or a part of it where the
objects are rooted in it.
 is an area of the earth's surface which includes
all elements of the physical and biological
environment that influence land use. Ex. Soil,
climate, hydrology, fauna, flora and human
activities like terraces and drainage works.
 Therefore this resource need to be well managed so
as to maximize the present as well as future
generations land and land related demands.
12/28/2022 3
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
Planning is the process of allocating resources, including
time, capital, and labor, in the face of limited resources, in
the short, medium or long term, in order to produce
maximum benefits to a defined group.
• A land unit; is an area of land possessing specified land
quality and land characteristics or areas that are relatively
homogeneous with respect to (climate, landforms, soils
and vegetation) , which can be demarcated on a map.
Land cover; is the observed physical cover of the earth’s
surface”. Hence the land cover concept includes cultivated
land, vegetation, man-made features, rock-outcrops, bare
soil and exposed sand surface.
Land use is the way in which land is used by people in an
area to produce what is needed by people through
involvement of labor, capital and available technology.
12/28/2022 4
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
 What is Land Information Systems: - are a tool for legal,
administrative and economic decision-making and an aid for
planning and development or is a geographic information
system for cadastral and land-use mapping, typically used by
local governments
 Land evaluation: - is the process of assessment of land
performance when used for specific purposes. This help for
interpretation of land forms, soils, vegetation, climate and
other aspects of land in order to identify and make a
comparison of promising kinds of land use.
• The principal objective of land evaluation is to select the
optimum land use for each defined land unit. Therefore, LE is
the preliminary and a pre-requisite to LUP.
• land-use systems is areas with similar land use and economy.
These may be farming systems or systems based on forestry,
etc. Land-use systems are frequently defined in terms of
dominant crops, e.g. a maize/tobacco system.
12/28/2022 5
prepared by Reta. M

Actors of land evaluation
• There are five types of ACTORS in the land evaluation processes:
• (1) Client/user of the land evaluation results: A person or
organization that requests the work and will act on the basis of
its results.
• (2) Evaluator: A person who carries out the land evaluation
work (this means you!).
• (3) Land-use expert: a person who has information about a land
use or land quality, in relation to the land, for example, soil
scientists, agronomists, economists.
• (4) Land resource expert: a person who has information on the
land resource, for example, soil surveyors, climatologists, census
takers, rural agents and farmers with good powers of
observation.
• (5) Stakeholders: all parties who will be affected by the results
of the planning decisions taken on the basis of the land
evaluation.
12/28/2022 6
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
 Land-use planning is the systematic assessment of physical, social and economic factors
in such a way as to encourage and assist land users in selecting options that increase
their productivity, are sustainable and meet the needs of the society.
 It is an important regulatory tool to balance the conflicting economic, social and
environmental interests
 is an activity for the determination of the future land use demands and uses based on
the past & current situation/trained.
 is the branch of public policy which encompasses various disciplines seeking to order
and regulate its efficiency, equitability and sustainability.
• LUP is the implementation of one or more uses from the available land use options. This
is determined by a number of factors:
• Biophysical (soil, climate & hydrology, topography & site) and socio-
economic (demand, capital, technology, marketing, labour, etc.).
• Why Most LUP fails? Because they are implemented without LE.
12/28/2022 7
prepared by Reta. M

1.2. Assessing land and related information
 Land and environment information
• Climate,
• Topography
• Soils types and their Properties
• Land cover, production
• Land use types
 Socio-economic information
• Demography(population, employment)
• Landholdings and tenure type
• Settlements
• Farming systems
• Type, area and distribution of crops
• Type, number and distribution of livestock, and their role
• Infrastructure
 Political information
• Policy and legislation relating to land, tenure and use
• Administrative structures and boundaries
• Governance institutions and processes
12/28/2022 8
prepared by Reta. M

1.2. Assessing and evaluating present and
future needs
Present land use; is the activity of human beings on
land to fulfil their needs in a given period of time.
• Many land evaluations will be carried out in areas
which are partially covered with natural vegetation
and partially farmed.
• Present land use surveys are generally required to
determine the production which will be foregone
when a Land use system is implemented.
Future needs
• Sustainable land use is that which meets the needs of
the present while, at the same time, conserving
resources for future generations. This requires a
combination of production and conservation:
12/28/2022 9
prepared by Reta. M

Evaluate Land Suitability
• Land evaluation is the assessment of land
performance when used for specified purposes.
• Suitability is a measure of how well the qualities of a
land unit match the requirements of a particular
form of land use. Suitability is assessed for each
relevant use and each land unit identified in the
study. Matching land use to land is the essence of
land evaluation, and often influences all the other
steps in the study.
• Suitability is indicated separately for each land- use
type, showing whether the land Is suitable or not
suitable, including-where appropriate degrees of
suitability.
12/28/2022 10
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
S Suitable The land can support the land use indefinitely and benefits justify
inputs
S1 Highly suitable Land without significant limitations. Include the best 20-30% of
suitable land as S1. This land is not perfect but is the best that can be
hoped for
S2 Moderately suitable Land that is clearly suitable but which has limitations that either reduce
productivity or increase the inputs needed to sustain productivity compared with
those needed on S1 land
S3 Marginally suitable Land with limitations so severe that benefits are reduced and/or the
inputs needed to sustain production are increased so that this cost is
only marginally justified
N NOT SUITABLE Land that cannot support the land use on a sustained basis, or land on
which benefits do not justify necessary inputs
N1 Currently not suitabl Land with limitations to sustained use that cannot be overcome at a
currently acceptable cost
N2 Permanently not
suitable
Land with limitations to sustained use that cannot be overcome
12/28/2022 11
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
subclasses of land suitability
• Subclasses: Reflecting kinds of limitation or main
kinds of improvement measures required, within
Classes.
Subclasses reflect kinds of limitations, e.g. moisture
deficiency, erosion hazard. They are indicated by
lower-case letters. Example:
• S2e: land assessed as S2 on account of limitation
of erosion hazard
• S2w: Land assessed as S2 on account of
inadequate availability of water
12/28/2022 12
prepared by Reta. M

1.4. Collecting, organizing and analyzing data
Organizing data
Before you being to collect the first piece of
information, you must develop a system to organize
your data.
• Tips/guidelines for organizing your evaluation data:
• Set up a protocol on how to receive and record the
information as it comes in.
• Label all data immediately as you collect or receive it.
• Check the completeness of received data.
• Develop a format for storing and organizing your
data prior to the analysis. For example, you could use
a spreadsheet program to enter the raw data.
12/28/2022 13
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
Collecting data
Set the following question before collect data
• what or which data are required?
• Why are they needed?
• Where or how can they be collected?
• Is the cost of their collection worthwhile?
• how the information could be organized, analyzed,
interpreted and then reported to various audiences.
Two major categories of data and information can be defined
as follows:
• 1. data that are available from existing, obtainable records
• 2. data that must be collected during the course of the
evaluation through surveys or investigations (including
laboratory analysis of water and soil samples).
12/28/2022 14
prepared by Reta. M

data collection tools and methods
For obtaining information on land-use information relevant for planning
Land capability classification
based on biophysical data
collection
An inventory of major characteristics of landforms, land
use, land cover, vegetation, climatic zones and trends,
water resources, soil physical and chemical properties and
hazards.
Aerial photographs, satellite
images and topographic maps
Identification of key features and land uses, and vegetation
and land cover. Aerial photos and satellite images taken
over a number of years can show land use change.
Natural resource mapping Identification of key features, land uses and accompanying
discussions reveal land and environmental trends and
changes, quality issues, challenges or hazards, and
opportunities or solutions
Seasonal calendars Identification of land and environmental trends and change
related to seasons. This can also be used to explore
seasonal trends in socio-economic characteristics such as
livelihood activities
12/28/2022 15
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
Data analysis
• Data analysis is the process of systematically
searching and arranging the interview transcripts,
field notes, and other materials that you
accumulate to increase your own understanding
of them, and to enable you to present what you
have discovered to others.
12/28/2022 16
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
Three methods have been described for the analysis of
problems of rural land use:
• farming systems analysis: This is centered on the
identification of farm-level constraints and aims to
develop adapted technologies for specific farming
systems.
• diagnosis and design: Diagnosis means the identification
of problems with land-use systems and the analysis of
their causes; design is the formulation of promising land-
use types that might help solve these problems
• rapid rural appraisal: is intended as a relatively rapid way
of acquiring (in a matter of weeks) essential information
on existing rural land-use systems, including problems
they entail.
12/28/2022 17
prepared by Reta. M

Lo2: Identify the problems
2.1. Preparing Problem identification procedures
• First, the existing land-use situation has to be analyzed and compared
with the development goals; to do this requires the identification of
land units and land-use systems.
• Next, problems with the present land use must be identified, including
their nature and severity.
• Finally, the causes of these problems must be analyzed.
Techniques helps to find the problem areas are:
• Identify land units and land-use systems
• Identify present land use problems; including their nature and severity
• Survey of various activities
• review of management reports
• review of inspection reports
• physical examination
• Analyzing the causes of these problems
• discussion with person concerned
12/28/2022 18
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
2.2. Identifying key land use problems
Problems of land use
• To define a problem it is necessary to establish the
present situation, judge ways in which it is
unsatisfactory and identify ways in which it might be
made better
• Land use problems related with wrong land use
decisions have been a main challenge for humankind.
The fundamental field survey method for identify the
problems of land use:
Talk to the people;
Look at the land.
12/28/2022 19
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
Symptoms of Land-Use Problems
• Lack of employment opportunities
• Poor health and nutrition
• Migration to towns
• Inadequate subsistence production
• Shortage of fuel and timber
• Shortage of grazing land
• Low, unreliable crop yields
• Encroachment on forest and wildlife reserves
• Conflicts among farming, livestock and non-agricultural
uses
• Visible land degradation, e.g. eroded crop land, silted
bottom lands, degradation of woodland, salinity in
irrigation schemes, flooding
12/28/2022 20
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
Underlying/fundamental Causes Related To Land Use
Social problems
• Population pressure on land resources
• Unequal distribution of land, capital and
opportunities
• Restrictions of land tenure and land ownership
Natural hazards and limitations
• Inadequate water supply and distribution
• Irregular relief
• Drought-prone soils
• Poor drainage
• Diseases
12/28/2022 21
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
Mismatch between land use and land suitability
• Inadequate water control
• Clearance of forest on steep lands
• Inadequate soil conservation practices
• Inadequate periods of bush fallow
Rural related planning problems.
• Inadequate power
• Lack of fertilizer and pesticides
• Lack of finance
• Lack of technical support
• Inadequate transport
• Lack of markets, unsatisfactory price structure
12/28/2022 22
prepared by Reta. M

2.3. Prioritizing identified problems
• Problem prioritization is comparing the quantitative and
qualitative information to identify the most urgent or
biggest problem.
• These identified problems are prioritize based on their
severity to the site and the community.
Criteria for problem prioritization
• Magnitude of the problem.
• Severity of the problem.
• Need among vulnerable populations.
• Community's capacity and willingness to act on the issue.
• Ability to have a measurable impact on the issue.
• Availability of hospital and community resources.
• Existing interventions focused on the issue.
12/28/2022 23
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
Problem prioritizing format
12/28/2022 24
Problem Main causes Severe Medium Low Rank
Soil erosion
Low
productivity
Problem of
fuelwood
Problem of
crop land
Problem of
pest
Problem of
drinking
water prepared by Reta. M

2.4.Identifying conflicts between competing uses
Land conflict is a social fact in which at least two
parties are involved, the roots of which are
different interest of one stakeholder clashes with
the interest of another over the property rights
to; use, manage the land, generate income,
exclude others from use, transfer it and the right
to compensation for it.
Situation of land conflicts in Ethiopia
• land use conflicts in Ethiopia is the competition
over land and water resources and lack of
effective conflict mechanisms for resolving land
conflicts.
12/28/2022 25
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
Examples of land conflicts
 Land ownership conflict
• Occurred when two or more people claim ownership over the same
piece of land.
• Emerged from inheritance, overlapping of land rights due to legal
pluralism of customary and statutory tenure rights and lack of proper
land registration in the country . Lack of tenure security in rural areas has
caused land conflicts between user
 Competing use rights on public
• This type of conflicts occurs when the statutory and the customary right
of occupancy compete on the same piece of land.
 Land Expropriation and unfair Compensation
• This occurs when the government expropriates land from the community
without compensation or may provide inadequate compensation.
 Poor land governance
• The improper operational of land management and governance
institutions, including a lack of transparency, trust, equity especially in
public land acquisition; weak structures for checking land grabbing; and
exclusion of the disadvantaged people.
12/28/2022 26
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
Cause of land use conflict
• Poor land governance, inappropriate of land use plans,
inadequate land policies , land tenure insecurity, corruption and
population increases are cited as being among of the main
offenders fuelling land use conflicts.
• Some reasons why conflicts may arise during policy, program
and project implementation of land use plan:
 policies imposed without local participation
 lack of harmony and coordination between bodies of law and legal
procedures
 poor identification of and inadequate consultation with stakeholders
 uncoordinated planning
 inadequate or poor information sharing
 limited institutional capacity
 inadequate monitoring and evaluation of programs
 lack of effective mechanisms for conflict management
12/28/2022 27
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
Land use conflict resolutions
• Conflict resolution refers to the elimination of
the causes of the underlying conflict. It
provides the way of “handling conflict by
taking problems out, not fighting them out.
12/28/2022 28
prepared by Reta. M

Cont...
12/28/2022 29
prepared by Reta. M

PARTICIPATE ON LAND USE PLAN PREPARATION LEVEL III by RETA.pptx

More Related Content

Similar to PARTICIPATE ON LAND USE PLAN PREPARATION LEVEL III by RETA.pptx (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

PARTICIPATE ON LAND USE PLAN PREPARATION LEVEL III by RETA.pptx