Pengantar teknik tegangan tinggi pert.1
- 1. HIGH VOLTAGE REFFERENCES BY: 1. Bonggas L. Tobing, “Peralatan Tegangan Tinggi” Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2012 2. Arismunandar Artono., “Teknik Tegangan Tinggi" Gallagher, T.J ”High Voltage(measurement, testing and design)”. 3. Kuffel,E & zeangl W.S., “High Voltage Engginering”. Oxford : Pergamon Press, 1984
- 2. • Simple Electric Power System
- 3. Transmission losses in 3-phase AC current: ∆Pt = 3 I2 R …(1) Regardless of the capacitive current, I along the same transmission wire : …(2) By substituting (2) to (1), then: ∆Pt = Total transmission losses (watts) I = Current on the transmission wire (A) R = Resistance of wire transmission per phase (Ohm) P = Load power at the receiving end of the transmission (watts) V = Transmitter receiving phase (Volt) phase voltage Cos = Load power factor CosrV P I 3 22 2 CosrV RP tP
- 4. • Transmission losses are directly proportional to the amount of resistance and inversely proportional to the square of the transmission voltage, so that the reduction of losses is done by increasing the transmission voltage 22 2 CosrV RP tP
- 5. SUBSTATION
- 6. Main Things Differentiate High Voltage Equipment From Low Voltage • Isolation System • The size of equipment components that conduct current • Cooling system • Splicing of conductors • Overvoltage protection
- 7. High Voltage Equipment Insulation System E = Electric field pressure in insulation V = Equipment working voltage Cooling system S = Spacing of the electrodes Overvoltage protection Insulation construction is made in such a way as to be able to bear high electric field pressure by: 1. Enlarge the dimensions of the insulating material 2. Control the electric field pressure s V E
- 8. Enlarge the Dimensions of Insulation Materials
- 9. Controlling Electric Field Pressure 1. Arranging equipment parts to form the electrode arrangement such that the electric field pressure in the insulation system decreases 2. 2. Making voltage leveling electrodes that function to even out the voltage distribution in the insulation system • Internal leveling electrodes • External leveling electrodes • Intermediate leveler electrodes
- 11. High Voltage Equipment Conductors I = Current flowing at the core of the cable(A) R = Cable core resistance(Ohm) P = Load power losses (Watts) RIP 2 THERMAL INCREASE TEMPERATURE CONDUCTOR CABLE ISOLATION Spread heat from the core less cable Minimize core resistance Increase the size of the cross section
- 12. High Voltage Equipment Conductors (mm2) Isolasi(mm) Arus (A) 10 0 110 10 1 64 25 1 110 25 110 1 64
- 13. Voltage Levels That The Equipment May Carry 1. Continuous work voltage 2. Voltage over frequency power “if there is a short circuit of one phase to the ground which results in a voltage increase in the other two phases” 3. Overvoltage voltage surge 4. Over voltage surges of lightning
- 14. Overvoltage Protection Equipment OVERVOLTAGE ISOLATION ”GOOD” “ISOLATION “ COST EXPENSIVE INVESTATION & CARE EXPENSIVE PROTECTION
- 15. THANK YOU