PermaCity: Hong Kong Fantasies - Presentation Alternative Economies (31 Oct 2008)
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The document analyzes Hong Kong's status as a global city, detailing its economic evolution, social consequences, and the historical context that has shaped its development. It discusses the transformation of Hong Kong into a command center of the world economy, driven by transnational companies and a corporate-oriented service sector. Furthermore, it highlights the implications of globalization on social structures and city dynamics, including gentrification and immigration trends.
![social consequences
global industry global - middle class
city city
transnational companies + high-skill-expert
+ low-skill-worker
-> since 60th to serve the uper class
+ illegal immigration
causing additional tention
[global cities main destina-
tions for immigrants]
spatial consequences
outskirts
low-skill-worker
inner city high-skill
with convenient infrastructure expert
gentrification
-> process of low income inhabitants are displaced by upper class inhabitants
global city and its consequences](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hkfantasies-alternativeeconomies-100624050519-phpapp02/85/PermaCity-Hong-Kong-Fantasies-Presentation-Alternative-Economies-31-Oct-2008-8-320.jpg)
PermaCity: Hong Kong Fantasies - Presentation Alternative Economies (31 Oct 2008)
- 2. ALTERNATIVE ECONOMIES HK - OUTSIDE IN ‘global city’ ‘economic evolution’ HK - INSIDE OUT ‘derive’ ‘objective mapping’ ‘subjective mapping’ HK - ECONOMICS ‘hong kong to the world’ ‘the world to hong kong’ HK - FANTASIES ‘hk mega micro’ ‘hk maximum city’ ‘hk knowledge city’ ‘hk ict’ ‘hk harmonious city’ ‘ hk agrocity’ ‘hk hidden city’
- 3. HK - OUTSIDE IN ‘global city’ ‘economic evolution’
- 4. HK - OUTSIDE IN ‘global city’
- 5. A global city is a “command centre of world economy” Saskia Sassen main criteria: • place of headquarters’ of transnational companies • major centre for finance • location of a fast growing corporate orientated service sector • place international institutions • important node of transport lines and infrastructure Recognizable is a very one-sided specification on purely economical criteria’s where so- cial and political aspects are almost not considered. Honk Kong was walking towards the specification on purely economical concentration since the last 100 years based on its unique history. global city and its criteria
- 6. global city => hierarchical system -> decisive is the global degree of cross-linking -> the stronger the cross-linking the higher the position MOSCOW AMSTERDAM TORONTO BRUSSELS GENEVA CHICACO BOSTEN PARIS TOKYO SAN FRANCISCO MILAN LOS ANGELES WASHINGTON NEW YORK MADRID HONG KONG SINGAPORE => “global Network of production” - after several point transnational companies externalizing tasks due to the complexity of the network and structure -> corporate orientated service sector (for example: advertisement firms, insurances, law offices, ….) -> banks and finance service achieving more importance due to deregulation of the 70th -> more possibilities for expansion, for transnational companies as well as for corporate orientated service provider global industry city transnational companies -> since 60th global city and its development
- 7. => spatial clusters form the centre for global activity of the service sector -> fast availability of information (tacit knowledge / know how) -> only possible with agglomeration agglomeration agglomeration cluster cluster agglomeration cluster flow of information from cluster to cluster flow of information from agglomeration to cluster global cities => are cities that creating a network based on the strengthend flow of information global city and its development
- 8. social consequences global industry global - middle class city city transnational companies + high-skill-expert + low-skill-worker -> since 60th to serve the uper class + illegal immigration causing additional tention [global cities main destina- tions for immigrants] spatial consequences outskirts low-skill-worker inner city high-skill with convenient infrastructure expert gentrification -> process of low income inhabitants are displaced by upper class inhabitants global city and its consequences
- 9. MOSCOW LONDON AMSTERDAM TORONTO BRUSSELS CHICACO PARIS GENEVA BOSTEN MILAN TOKYO SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK LOS ANGELES WASHINGTON MADRID HONG KONG SINGAPORE GLOBAL CITIES well rounded global cities - large well rounded global cities - smaller and still emerging global niche cities - financial global niche cities - political and social leading global cities and world cities defined by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) in 2004
- 10. OSLO STOCKHOLM COPENHAGEN FRANKFURT BERLIN OTTAWA MUNICH VIENNA DENVER LYON BASEL ZURICH BEIJING ANTLANTA BARCELONA ROME OSAKA SHANGHAI MIAMAI CAIRO NEW DELHI MEXICO CITY MUMBAI MANILA ADDIS ABABA BANGKOK ABIDJAN NAIROBI SINGAPORE HARARE SYDNEY MELBOURNE WORLD CITIES subnet articulator cities worldwide leading cities - primarily economic global contributions worldwide leading cities - primarily non-economic global contributions leading global cities and world cities defined by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) in 2004
- 11. OSLO STOCKHOLM MOSCOW LONDON COPENHAGEN TORONTO FRANKFURT AMSTERDAM BRUSSELS BERLIN CHICACO OTTAWA MUNICH GENEVA PARIS VIENNA DENVER BOSTEN LYON TOKYO SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK BASEL MILAN ZURICH BEIJING LOS ANGELES WASHINGTON ANTLANTA BARCELONA ROME MADRID OSAKA SHANGHAI MIAMI CAIRO NEW DELHI HONG KONG MEXICO CITY MUMBAI MANILA ADDIS ABABA BANGKOK ABIDJAN SINGAPORE NAIROBI SINGAPORE HARARE SYDNEY MELBOURNE GLOBAL CITIES WORLD CITIES well rounded global cities - large subnet articulator cities well rounded global cities - smaller and still emerging worldwide leading cities - primarily economic global contributions global niche cities - financial worldwide leading cities - primarily non-economic global contributions global niche cities - political and social leading global cities and world cities defined by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) in 2004
- 12. HK - OUTSIDE IN ‘economic evolution’
- 13. 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 APR 1927-MAY 1950 PRC CIVIL WAR 1914-1918 1941-1945 1967-1968 1978 WWI WWII PRC Cultural Revolution China Open Door Policy POLITICAL 1851 1911 2003 OVERTHROWN OF QING DYNASTY SARS 1847 Gold rush in Australia 1860 1898 1937 1950-1953 1984 1997 JAN 1842 Sino-Japanese war Korean war Gold rush in San Francisco Kowloon ceded to UK New Territories lease to UK AGREEMENT TO REUNION OF Hong Kong China Reunion 1912 Hong Kong island ceded to UK DEC 1941-AUG 1945 HK AND PRC Establishment of PRC JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF HK 1955-1964 RAPID PUBLIC HOUSING BUILDING ? 1959 VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINT TO UK TRADE Formalized port from illegal to legal: Trading transist port 1950 Embargo to China from US, UK(Korean War) > Drop of manufacture > “Made in Hogn Kong” branding 1865 Establish of HSBC 1998 MAY 1842 Rise of shipping industry due to busy trading MANUFACTURE Regulation of gold market and banking Finance, tourism, real estate and transportation took off FINANCE Completion of HK International airport Fishing Village DECLARED “FREE- TRADE PORT” 1863 Establish of Whampoa Dock Co. Refugee from China due to PRC civil war Refugee from China due to WWII Industries moved away to avoid quota ban China import: Opium smuggling(86.5% total export) Prosper of manufacturing industry Prosper of textile industry Export: TRADE China export : Indentured labour to US 1965 Incense Decline in industry, rise in service industry move to China for cheap labour 320,000 Indentured labour exported > 3.4M Quota on HK export by US, UK Salt China export : Chinese tea to UK Prosper of small and medium-sized enterprises after industries 1972 HKDLink Exchange System with USD, disregarding UKD Rise of Chinese capitalist manufaturing, retailing and banking 1978 Appearance of sale of housing before built (樓花) 1973 Oil Crisis/Stock market crisis 1987 Black Monday/Stock market crisis 1965 Banking crisis (HSBC invested in Heng Seng Bank) 1997 Asian financial crisis AGRICULTURE 2008 Global financial crisis
- 14. 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1914-1918 WWI POLITICAL 1851 1911 OVERTHROWN OF QING DYNAS 1847 Gold rush in Australia 1860 1898 JAN 1842 Gold rush in San Francisco Kowloon ceded to UK New Territories lease to UK 1912 Hong Kong island ceded to UK Establishment of PRC Formalized port from illegal to legal: Trading transist port 1865 Establish of HSBC MAY 1842 Rise of shipping industry due to busy trading Fishing Village DECLARED “FREE- TRADE PORT” 1863 Establish of Whampoa Dock Co. China import: Opium smuggling(86.5% total export) Export: TRADE China export : Indentured labour to US Incense 320,000 Indentured labour exported > 3.4M Salt China export : Chinese tea to UK Rise of Chinese capitalist manufaturing, retailing and banking AGRICULTURE
- 15. 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 APR 1927-MAY 1950 PRC CIVIL WAR 1941-1945 1967-1968 1978 WWII PRC Cultural Revolution China Open Door Policy 2003 SARS 1937 1950-1953 1984 1997 Sino-Japanese war Korean war AGREEMENT TO REUNION OF Hong Kong China Reunion DEC 1941-AUG 1945 HK AND PRC JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF HK 1955-1964 RAPID PUBLIC HOUSING BUILDING ? 1959 VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINT TO UK TRADE 1950 Embargo to China from US, UK(Korean War) > Drop of manufacture > “Made in Hogn Kong” branding 1998 MANUFACTURE Regulation of gold market and banking Finance, tourism, real estate and transportation took off FINANCE Completion of HK International airport Refugee from China due to PRC civil war Refugee from China due to WWII Industries moved away to avoid quota ban Prosper of manufacturing industry Prosper of textile industry 1965 Quota on HK export by US, UK Decline in industry, rise in service industry move to China for cheap labour Prosper of small and medium-sized enterprises after industries 1972 HKDLink Exchange System with USD, disregarding UKD 1978 Appearance of sale of housing before built (樓花) 1973 Oil Crisis/Stock market crisis 1987 Black Monday/Stock market crisis 1965 Banking crisis (HSBC invested in Heng Seng Bank) 1997 Asian financial crisis 2008 Global financial crisis
- 16. HK - INSIDE OUT ‘derive’ ‘objective mapping’ ‘subjective mapping’
- 17. HK - INSIDE OUT ‘derive’
- 30. HK - INSIDE OUT ‘objective mapping’
- 34. NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE HK ISLAND WATER SIDE HK ISLAND HILL SIDE
- 35. SHUM KOWLOON SHUI CITY PO NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE MONG MONG KOK KOK YAU YAU MA MA TEI TEI TSIM TSIM SHA SHA TSUI TSUI NORTH POINT QUARRY HK ISLAND BAY WATER SIDE SHEUNG WAN CENTRAL CAUSEWAY BAY WAN HK ISLAND CHAI HILL SIDE
- 36. SHUM KOWLOON SHUI CITY PO NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE MONG MONG KOK KOK YAU YAU MA MA TEI TEI TSIM TSIM SHA SHA TSUI TSUI NORTH POINT QUARRY HK ISLAND BAY WATER SIDE SHEUNG WAN CENTRAL CAUSEWAY BAY WAN HK ISLAND CHAI HILL SIDE
- 37. SHUM KOWLOON SHUI CITY PO NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE MONG MONG KOK KOK YAU YAU MA MA TEI TEI TSIM TSIM SHA SHA TSUI TSUI NORTH POINT QUARRY HK ISLAND BAY WATER SIDE SHEUNG WAN CENTRAL CAUSEWAY BAY WAN HK ISLAND CHAI HILL SIDE
- 38. SHUM KOWLOON SHUI CITY PO NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE MONG MONG KOK KOK YAU YAU MA MA TEI TEI TSIM TSIM SHA SHA TSUI TSUI NORTH POINT QUARRY HK ISLAND BAY WATER SIDE SHEUNG WAN CENTRAL CAUSEWAY BAY WAN HK ISLAND CHAI HILL SIDE
- 39. SHUM KOWLOON SHUI CITY PO NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE MONG MONG KOK KOK YAU YAU MA MA TEI TEI TSIM TSIM SHA SHA TSUI TSUI NORTH POINT QUARRY HK ISLAND BAY WATER SIDE SHEUNG WAN CENTRAL CAUSEWAY BAY WAN HK ISLAND CHAI HILL SIDE
- 40. SHUM KOWLOON SHUI CITY PO NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE MONG MONG KOK KOK YAU YAU MA MA TEI TEI TSIM TSIM SHA SHA TSUI TSUI NORTH POINT QUARRY HK ISLAND BAY WATER SIDE SHEUNG WAN CENTRAL CAUSEWAY BAY WAN HK ISLAND CHAI HILL SIDE
- 41. SHUM KOWLOON SHUI CITY PO NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE MONG MONG KOK KOK YAU YAU MA MA TEI TEI TSIM TSIM SHA SHA TSUI TSUI NORTH POINT QUARRY HK ISLAND BAY WATER SIDE SHEUNG WAN CENTRAL CAUSEWAY BAY WAN HK ISLAND CHAI HILL SIDE
- 42. SHUM KOWLOON SHUI CITY PO NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE MONG MONG KOK KOK YAU YAU MA MA TEI TEI TSIM TSIM SHA SHA TSUI TSUI NORTH POINT QUARRY HK ISLAND BAY WATER SIDE SHEUNG WAN CENTRAL CAUSEWAY BAY WAN HK ISLAND CHAI HILL SIDE
- 43. SHUM KOWLOON SHUI CITY PO NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE MONG MONG KOK KOK YAU YAU MA MA TEI TEI TSIM TSIM SHA SHA TSUI TSUI NORTH POINT QUARRY HK ISLAND BAY WATER SIDE SHEUNG WAN CENTRAL CAUSEWAY BAY WAN HK ISLAND CHAI HILL SIDE
- 44. SHUM KOWLOON SHUI CITY PO NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE MONG MONG KOK KOK YAU YAU MA MA TEI TEI TSIM TSIM SHA SHA TSUI TSUI NORTH POINT QUARRY HK ISLAND BAY WATER SIDE SHEUNG WAN CENTRAL CAUSEWAY BAY WAN HK ISLAND CHAI HILL SIDE
- 45. SHUM KOWLOON SHUI CITY PO NATHAN ROAD NATHAN ROAD WEST SIDE EAST SIDE MONG MONG KOK KOK YAU YAU MA MA TEI TEI TSIM TSIM SHA SHA TSUI TSUI NORTH POINT QUARRY HK ISLAND BAY WATER SIDE SHEUNG WAN CENTRAL CAUSEWAY BAY WAN HK ISLAND CHAI HILL SIDE
- 46. HK - INSIDE OUT ‘subjective mapping’
- 66. HK - ECONOMICS ‘hong kong to the world’ ‘the world to hong kong’
- 67. HK - ECONOMICS ‘hong kong to the world’
- 68. Trading and Logistics 27.23% in Total GDP 25.5% in Total Employment Tourism 3.1% in Total GDP 13.6% in Total Employment Where ? Financial services 15.78% in Total GDP 15.7% in Total Employment
- 69. Merchandise Trade Japan U.S.A Germany Main China 7.3% 2.3% 9.1 % UK 47.78 % 1.9% Taiwan 4.6% Singapore 4.4%
- 70. Tourism Annual Arrivals Japan 4.7% U.S.A Main China 4.4% UK 54.97 % 2.1% Korea Tiwan 3.1% 7.9% Singapore 2.0% Aus&NZ 2.7%
- 71. World leading countries Leading cities Saskia Sassen
- 72. Curent Economy Future Economy World leading countries Leading cities New Leading cities(2015) Sheffield Univercity
- 73. Greenland(Denmark) Population 55,916 Area 2,175,600 km2 Density 0.026 p/km2 Macau Population 520,400 Area 28.6 km2 Density 18,196 p/km2 Monaco Population 520,400 Area 28.6 km2 Density 16,754 p/km2 Hong Kong S.A.R Population 7,040,885 Area 1,099 km2 Vatican Density 6,407 p/km2 Population 821 Area 0.44 km2 Density 1,866 p/km2 Singapole Population 5,588,600 Area 1.95 km2 Density 6,489 p/km2 Macau Hong kong Singapole Vatican Monaco 1km2 1km2 1km2 1km2 1km2 Low population density High population density
- 74. Hong Kong need New Engine? Reprogramming?
- 75. Hong Kong need New Engine? What is the next? New again? Asian financial crisis Global financial crisis 2030 ? 1997 2008
- 76. Only 7% of its land EXPANDING? 7% 50% 93% 93% 50% 7% 2007 2020 2050
- 77. Only 7% is Green 7% 93% 93% 7% 2007 AFTER 2050? 50% 2050 50% 2020
- 78. HK - ECONOMICS ‘the world to hong kong’
- 88. HK - FANTASIES STRATEGIES FOR A BETTER WORLD ‘hk mega micro’ ‘hk maximum city’ ‘hk knowledge city’ ‘hk ict’ ‘hk harmonious city’ ‘ hk agrocity’ ‘hk hidden city’
- 89. HK fantasies HK Mega Micro HK Maximum City HK Knowlage City HK ICT HK Harmonious City HK Agro City HK Hidden City
- 90. HK - FANTASIES ‘hk mega micro’
- 91. SAVING THE MICRO
- 92. SAVING THE MICRO
- 93. SAVING THE MICRO
- 94. SAVING THE MICRO
- 95. SAVING THE MICRO micro now
- 96. SAVING THE MICRO micro now micro sites innovate 2010 - 2020
- 97. SAVING THE MICRO micro now micro sites innovate 2010 - 2020
- 98. SAVING THE MICRO micro now micro sites innovate 2010 - 2020 integrate > 2020 street mall
- 99. SAVING THE MICRO micro now micro sites innovate 2010 - 2020 integrate > 2020 street mall
- 100. SAVING THE MICRO micro now micro sites innovate 2010 - 2020 upgrade integrate > 2030 > 2020 street mall
- 101. SAVING THE MICRO micro now micro sites innovate 2010 - 2020 upgrade integrate accumulate > 2030 > 2020 > 2030 street mall micro mall
- 102. SAVING THE MICRO micro now micro sites innovate 2010 - 2020 upgrade integrate accumulate > 2030 > 2020 > 2030 street mall micro mall
- 103. HK - FANTASIES ‘hk maximum city’
- 105. Maximising space finding available spaces maximising buildings maximising blocks maximum city maximum future potential What is my opinion ?
- 107. Finding space Making space Securing space ?
- 109. How much is it?
- 110. How many stores can be? 2m X 7m 2m X 7m
- 113. Can help?
- 114. HK - FANTASIES ‘hk knowledge city’
- 122. Hong Kong and its Education now 70% of the economy is driven by the service sector. $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$$ This means 4% of the inhabitants are running 70 % of Hong Kong’s economy. This 4% are the high skilled and high educated people. What about the other 96% of honk Kong’s population?
- 123. The idea of insertion knowledge as an additional flow into Hong Kong is based on the theory to have education as the starting point (spin-off effect) for the self-development in different layers - economically, socially, envi- ronmentally and spatially.
- 124. education knowledge people stay due to the flourishing culture, as well the trading knowledge, the culture ?! raising quality of live creative bringing new ideas and concepts for the intellectual development, industry thus creating a new market of innovation and progress more tourism based on culture and quality of life environment also the needed capacities for out of the lower class the high-skilled jobs will be a new middle class available will raise and fill in the gap wider variation of job opportunities and needed skill awareness due to increase in high education- levels al level (ex, green research); people stay due to the flourishing culture, as well the trading harmony knowledge, the raising quality of live and balance
- 132. how?
- 133. how? strategies = copy + paste by add - subtract - re-mix three levels of educational institutions basic tertiary high innovative capacity ?! ?! ?! building high + low low + high specialization + green re-mix of social stratas re-mix of social stratas re-mix of social stratas from dependent to interdependent – diversify – disperse - network
- 142. Long term vision Thinking stops pure production.
- 143. HK - FANTASIES ‘hk ict’
- 144. iHK In Hong Kong... 77% Broadband penetration 1/6 companies has set up overseas branch 2nd Highest broadband penetration 1/3 companies has set up mainland branch 154% Mobile phone penetration 165% increase in manpower 1996-2002 1 million mobile 3G subscribers 8% manpower growth, 10% revenue growth X $$ i If... $$$ If... i $$ $ i i CORNWELL NEW YORK HONG KONG TOKYO i i i HAWAII SAN JUAN i i i SOUTHERN FLORIDA i SINGAPORE i SYDNEY KNOWLEDGE IS RICHNESS!!!
- 145. TSING MA BRIDGE 23 MIN LINKAGE TO CBD NO TSUNAMI CENTRAL NO EARTHQUAKE HK CBD NO VOLCANO EXISTING DEVELOPMENT LANTAU ISLAND HK CABLE HUB
- 147. HK - FANTASIES ‘hk harmonious city’
- 156. HK - FANTASIES ‘hk agrocity’
- 163. HK - FANTASIES ‘hk hidden city’
- 170. summary on Hong Kong and its economy The ongoing urbanization process has lead to a very distinct two sided surface, with 20% being highly urban, and 80% being highly green. Both of these unbalanced developments have created consequences for it users. Living ‘inside’ the city has resulted to living in an economical jungle, a vast array of commercial activity throughout both its cores (the North-South core, as well as the East-West core). The pyscho-sociological effects of this make the mind and body inhabit a densely active economical jungle, where there is little, if any escape. It seems ecology has had to make way for economy! This process of urbanization has also lead to an increasing social divide, where the gap between the rich and the poor continously grows - leading to social segregation and frag- mented gentrification. A purely one-sided economically driven urbanization process (80% services) has governed its historical spatial development. Our visions are based on the idea to balance this current form of development in order to create a sustainable and prosperous city - a well rounded global city.