Personality (Business Psychology)

M G R P E L A G I O
PERSONALITY

Describe the following base on your perception:
 Yourself
 Classmates
 Vincentian Students

“Personality is more than
charm… poise… or
physical appearance…”

PERSONALITY
“The overall pattern, or the integration of his structures,
 modes of behavior,
 interests, attitudes,
 intellectual abilities,
 aptitudes, and
 many other distinguishable personality traits.”
Business students need to understand personality because of the part
it plays in…
 motivation
 human relations
 leadership / management
Failure in business, industry, and any occupation may often be
attributed to personality problems rather than lack of aptitude.

(Causes of Individual Differences)
 Heredity
“the transmission of characteristics traits from parents to
offspring biologically through the genes”
 Color of your hair
 Body build
 Eye color
 Etc….
 Environment
“all the conditions outside the living organism which
influence its growth, development, and behavior from the
time it is conceived to the time it dies”

Two Kinds of Environment
 Prenatal Environment
Influences the individual before birth, including the condition
of the mother during the development of the baby.
 Postnatal Environment
The environment after birth, life continues to come under
the influence of many varied environmental stimuli.
 Home Influence
 Neighborhood Influences
 School Experiences
 Training
 Effort of the Will
 Sexual Orientation

Your Reaction to this:
 Boys tend to be active and aggressive, less neat and
exacting than girls
 Boys seem to be superior in mathematical and scientific
subjects, while girls excel in the language arts, spelling
and penmanship
 Boys surpass girls in tests of spatial nature, of
mechanical aptitude and of general information, while
girls excel in tests of manual dexterity, speed and
precision
 A smaller percentage of girls than boys tend to be
mentally retarded

Aspects of Personality
1. The Physical Aspect
 entire physiological system that determined by the heredity and
environment (physique)
Four Kinds of Personality Based on Physique (Krestchmer)
 Athletic Type - tall and well-built
 Asthenic Type - tall and thin (schizothyme), highly
idealistic, unsociable and deep thinker, the introvert type
 Pyknic Type – short and fat (cyclothymiacs), happy-go-
lucky, adaptable, alternates between moods of elation
and depression but will be predominantly extroverted
 Dysplastic Type – the non-classified type

2. The Mental Aspect
 how the person talks,
 the range of ideas he expresses,
 the things he talks about,
 as well as his values and mental alertness give evidence of
his intellectual capacity. (intelligence > education)
3. The Emotional Aspect
 how the person responds when tings become difficult,
 emotional makeup his likes and dislikes,
 aggressive or docile,
 how quickly he is given to anger, whether he can take a job
or not,
 what kind of sense of humor he possesses and the like

4. The Social Aspect
 social contact / how well a person conducts himself with
other people and
 how well he observes the rules of etiquette that govern
society
 extroverts, introverts, and ambiverts (George Crane)

Extroverts:
 men of action
 happy-go-lucky
 seek others for their
happiness
 act immediately on what
they consider right
 not easily embarrassed
 rarely blush
 laugh readily
 imbued with sportsmanship
/ interested in athletics
 fluent in speech
 can accept and give orders
 quick to give loans
 hardly care what happens
 take anything, eat anything
 free from worries
 can see good aims and plans
 rush and careless
 easily attracted to the
opposite sex

Introverts:
 men of thoughts
 like to work alone
 daydreamers
 inclined to worry
 blush easily
 laugh little
 write better than talk
 hard and slow in giving
 prone to argue and feel
easily hurt
 deliberate on what to
wear and eat
 rebel when give orders
 suspicious
 read high brow
materials
 are poor losers
 moody at times and
prefer delicate work

Ambiverts:
 give evidence of behavior that maybe extrovert in
some situations and introverts in the others

5. The Spiritual Aspect
 the consciousness of the higher value in life. It includes the
person‟s faith, beliefs, philosophy and the like. Religion
expresses spiritual value.
6. The Moral Aspect
 has to do with the person‟s awareness of the difference
between what is wrong or right, his positive or negative
adherence to the do‟s and don‟ts of the society.

Personality Factors Related to Job Production and Turnover (Barton &
Catell)
 determine whether a person will be promoted, not promoted or leave the job
Experiment:
(Three hundred and nine high school seniors were tested on Cattel‟s Sixteen Personality
Factor Questionnaire in 2007 and again 5 years later, in 2012, after leaving school for
employment.)
Analyses Examined:
 possible selective personality factors associated with job promotion or job change
 changes in personality related to job promotion or job change
 Results:
 the incidence of job promotion was higher in subjects who scored high in such
personality factors as warm heartedness and group dependency.
 the lowest incidence of job turnover was found in subjects who were more practical
and down to earth
 dominance and guilt proneness tended to decrease in subjects who were
promoted, whereas an increase in shrewdness was obscured. A drop in guilt
proneness occurred in subjects who kept the same job.

The Filipino Values and Personality
Values affect business and the management of the
organizations.
An understanding of the values and attitudes of the
Filipino would help us in understanding the
Filipino and how these values would affect
business and management of organizations in the
Philippine setting.

VALUE
 “anything good, important, and desirable in life.”
Total Value System = Standard for Decision
Aims and Goals
Father Lynch Father Bulatao
- social acceptance - emotional closeness and
- economic security - security in family
- social mobility - approval by the authority and
social betterment
- patience and suffering
and endurance
 They characterized Filipino as

 They characterized Filipino as:
Personalistic
Authoritarian
Small group centered

Social Acceptance
-most frequently observed patterns of Filipino
behavior which is
desirable to him,
 the ability to accept fellow for what one
is,
thinks one‟s self to be, or would like to
be, and
be given the treatment due to one‟s
station.

A. Smoothness of Interpersonal Relations
(SIR)
Pakikisama: (Debt of Gratitude) = expanded by the term “utang na
loob”
Context of Principle of Reciprocity
 “Bata” system
 relationship in office whether private or public,
 a patronized individual,
 protégée,
 confidential man,
 a close friend,
 loyal compadre,
 familism…

Majority of Cases of Two Types of Employees
(Philippine Setting)
1. those who know their jobs and can also get along with others
“marunong na, marunong pang makisama”
2. those who do not know their jobs but can get along with others
“marunong makisama”

Clear Pictures of Dynamics of “Utang na Loob”
1. A person who is helped is expected to show his
gratitude otherwise, he will be branded as “walang
hiya” especially if the debt of gratitude is extremely
great.
2. A Filipino may patronize a store, not because the
products are good or because it has a good reputation
for offering discounts, but because he has “utang na
loob” to the owner.
3. One may get job even if he is not the most competent
among the applicants just because he has the personal
ties, the family connections and family solidarity.
4. One may not have the courage to protest an
assignment because of the prevailing emphasis on
“utang na loob” obligation.

“Concession” (other side of pakikisama) - tendency to behave
as part of a group so that he becomes obligated to the group.
Situationer:
A student on the eve of his final exams goes with his “barkada”
to a late night party, in spite of the cramming he has to do.
He does not want to be called “walang pakisama”.
A businessman employs an inefficient and lazy nephew in his
company and in spite of all the allowances, it is not easy for
the uncle to fire him”. The verdict of
„walang pakikisama” threatens to break the smooth
interpersonal relationship with the family of his nephew.
The idea of “pakikisama” here is “giving in”.

B. Sensitivity to Personal Affront(disrespect)
- “Amor Propio” (Self-Esteem)
“an emotional high tension wire that girds the Filipino‟s
self, protecting him from disparagement (critism) or
questioning the qualities he most zealously guards as
his own best claim to others‟ respect and esteem”
 displaying superficial behavior (pakitang tao)
 impresses others with his possessions (pagpaparangya)
Situationer:
 In school, students quitting school just because
teachers criticize them beyond their endurance.
 Employees resigning just because they have been
reprimanded. The anxiety to make the other person
feel good.

 Personality to Business. The most distinctive of any
individual, is one of the major qualifications in applying for a
job. Personality shows itself even when there are no people
around to impress.
Examples are the trait of accuracy, punctuality and cleanliness
 An Effective Personality
The key to effective personality is the ability to adjust equally
well to various types of life situations, to make those responses
which result in the greatest satisfaction of both oneself and one‟s
associates and generally, adjustment to a given area of his
environment.
 Mature Personality “an individual‟s pattern
habits, attitudes, and traits as well as of adjustment that
determines the maintenance of his self-respect in relation to his
environment”
Mature personality development requires the proper blending of
the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects of life.

Earmarks of a Mature Personality
1. A mature person accepts responsibilities, he does not shrink
from duties.
2. He accepts an unpleasant task, considering it as a normal or
ordinary experience which shapes his life.
3. He does not nurse grudges. Instead, he tries to understand
others and does not insist on being understood by them.
4. He is amiable and enjoys the company of many different
persons. He tries to remember every person not by his
imperfections but by the desirable qualities he finds in him.
Thus his friendship is long lasting.
5. He does not expect his fellowmen to be perfect since he
knows that everyone is subject to human frailties.
6. A mature individual has lots of patience and perseverance
towards work since he is aware of the fact that it requires
time before he can profit from them.

7. He can accept, even enlist help, considering this not a sign of weakness but
of maturity.
8. He has tolerance... “the capacity to listen to another persons‟ point of view
and to try to understand his values” . He allows others enjoy the expression
of their opinions and beliefs.
9. He profits from constructive criticism. He takes criticism as an ordinary
outlet for improving his qualities or discarding those unpleasantness that
the majority see in him.
10. He knows that he cannot always be dependent upon his parents for
support. Earning will be his next step to be able to run his own life. A
mature individual then tends to increase his responsibility specially at the
time he has his own family.
11. He works with a long-range plan.
12. A mature person has courage to do right when others around him are
doing wrong. He has a strong determination not to do a thing he fully
knows will destroy him and others.

1. Be conscious of the other person. Talk about the
subject that interest him, and he will regard you
as a person with an interesting personality.
2. Assume that people like you. If you show that you
want people to talk to you, they will respond
warmly. Reciprocal behavior must consider.
Suggestions for Personality Improvement
(Dr. Roy Beuher)

3. Admit your defects.
4. Admire your friends.
5. Associate with people who are successful and
happy. Seek the company of others who can give
you new points of view and thoughts new hopes
and new life.
6. Attend social gatherings.
7. Change your environment occasionally. Take a
vacation and rest in a new place. Change your
home and house atmosphere whenever you can.

Reasons for Developing Personality
1. for social acceptance
2. for self-satisfaction
3. for self-confidence
4. to keep ourselves on the
job

 “ Your personality is good if it makes you happy
and makes your associates happy too; if you are
likeable; if you are successful in most of your
undertakings; if your emotions are pleasant for
you as well as for others.”
 Remember… “a happy person meets the
bad temper and unkind dispositions of
others with understanding and good
humor.”

Personality (Business Psychology)

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