PHP 7.0 new features (and new interpreter)
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PHP 7.0 has been around for a while now, and it's less scary to upgrade. At the same time there is a relevant speed improvement from PHP 5.0 (yes, PHP 6.0 will never be released!) that makes the upgrade even more interesting.
![Uniform variable syntax
• When we used variable variable-names:
$var_name = 'FirstName';
$FirstName = 'Andrea';
$Person = ('Name' => 'Andrea', 'Surname' => 'Telatin');
echo $$var_name; // prints Andrea
echo $$Person['Name']; // Illegal in PHP5, valid in 7
• Can be used for nested variables](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/php7-160829125728/85/PHP-7-0-new-features-and-new-interpreter-16-320.jpg)
![Other new features
• Anonymous classes in OOP: quick, one-time use
classes (omit class name)
$instance = new class { … }
• Null coalescent operator: ??
Return the first not-null value in a series
$username = $db[name] ?? $default;
• Spaceship operator: <=>
// -1 if <, 0 if ==, 1 if >… Useful in switch
and more!](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/php7-160829125728/85/PHP-7-0-new-features-and-new-interpreter-20-320.jpg)
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PHP 7.0 new features (and new interpreter)
- 1. What’s New in PHP 7.0 A the only reason why it’s worth upgrading Andrea Telatin BMR Genomics srl
- 2. Overview and why to switch
- 3. About this release • Released on December 3, 2015 • Major release after 11 years • Two years in development • New Zend Engine
- 4. What happened to 6.0? • Had the goal to support Unicode everywhere • Too ambitious? Goal dropped, yet after 5 years of conferences, blogs, … • Features of “6.0” entered in the 5.x • namespaces, closures, short array syntax…
- 5. Performance PHP 7.0 has significantly better performance • Probably the only reason to upgrade. • Optimized parsing, and lower memory ~2X faster • Compares with HHVM (FaceBook) • http://www.zend.com/en/resources/php7_infographic
- 9. New Features
- 10. Type hinting • Specify the type of function arguments • Can be done in three ways: none, coercitive, strict • Types available: int, string, bool, array, float • I think will be super cool for IDEs,…
- 11. Type hinting • Specify the type of function arguments • Can be done in three ways: none, coercitive or strict function SumNumbers($first, $second) { echo $first . " (". gettype($first) . " + n"; echo $second ." (". gettype($second). " = n"; $result = $first + $second; echo $result ." (". gettype($result).")n"; }
- 12. Type hinting SumNumbers(1, 5); SumNumbers(1.0, 5.0); // What happens? SumNumbers(“1”, “5”); // What happens? • Coercitive declaration: function SumNumbers(int $first,int $second) { … // PHP immediately convert input into integers • Strict declaration: declare(strict_type=1); function SumNumbers(int $first,int $second) { … // error if we don’t pass integer (type error)
- 13. Return type declaration • Specify the type of what we return from functions • Again can be done in three ways: none, coercitive, strict • Again types available: int, string, bool, array, float
- 14. Return type declaration • Coercive (convert the result if needed) function SumNumbers($first, $second): int { $result = $first + $second; return $result; } • Strict (return error if the type doesn’t match) declare(strict_types = 1); function SumNumbers($first, $second): int { return $first + $second; }
- 15. New function intdiv() • Yes, its for integer division echo intdiv(4, 3); // Always return an int. // More precision avoiding float! // compare with floor($bignum/2); • Completes the modulus operator
- 16. Uniform variable syntax • When we used variable variable-names: $var_name = 'FirstName'; $FirstName = 'Andrea'; $Person = ('Name' => 'Andrea', 'Surname' => 'Telatin'); echo $$var_name; // prints Andrea echo $$Person['Name']; // Illegal in PHP5, valid in 7 • Can be used for nested variables
- 17. Unicode • A codepoint represents a character/symbol/emoji • Encoded as hex number, eg 2603 is • In PHP is like print "Hello from u{2603}" • u{1F600} = 😀
- 18. Catch exceptions: PHP 5 function getGeneCoord($ensembleID) { if (isnull($ensembleID) { throw new Exception('No ID provided'); } return $ensembleID->cordinates; } try { print getGeneCoord($id)."n"; } catch (Exception $e) { echo "Raised exception: $en"; }
- 19. Catch exceptions: PHP 7 function getGeneCoord($ensembleID) { if (isnull($ensembleID) { throw new Exception('No ID provided'); } return $ensembleID->cordinates; } try { print getGeneCoord($id)."n"; } catch (Error $e) { echo "Raised exception: $en"; }
- 20. Other new features • Anonymous classes in OOP: quick, one-time use classes (omit class name) $instance = new class { … } • Null coalescent operator: ?? Return the first not-null value in a series $username = $db[name] ?? $default; • Spaceship operator: <=> // -1 if <, 0 if ==, 1 if >… Useful in switch and more!
- 22. PHP 4 constructors • Class with a method with the same name as the class. Called during creation. • Since PHP 5 the common practice is calling the method _constructor()
- 23. Deleted things
- 24. Alternative PHP marks • The standard tags are <?php code here ?> • Deleted alternatives: <% ASP style %> <%= ASP style with echo %> <script language="php"> html style </script> • Short open tags still OK but will they for long? <?= … ?>
- 25. Other deletions • ereg_ functions to preg_ functions • mysql_ functions to mysqli_ functions • mcrypt_generic_end, mcrypt_cbc……..
- 26. Timezone warnings • PHP5 fired a warning if you didn’t set date.timezone in PHP.ini file (default was UTC) • Default is still UTC, but warning removed