This document provides information on working with arrays in PHP. It discusses the different types of arrays (indexed and associative), how to access and store data in arrays, add and remove values, traverse arrays using foreach loops, and several useful array functions like count(), range(), list(), array_slice(), array_merge(), array_sum(), array_unique(), array_flip(), and extract().
The document discusses various PHP array functions including:
- Array functions like array_combine(), array_count_values(), array_diff() for comparing and merging arrays.
- Sorting arrays with asort(), arsort(), ksort(), krsort().
- Other functions like array_search(), array_sum(), array_rand() for searching, summing and random values.
- Modifying arrays with array_push(), array_pop(), array_shift() for adding/removing elements.
The document provides examples of using each array function in PHP code snippets.
Version 5.0 will include version 2.0 of the Zend Engine
New object model is more powerful and intuitive
Objects will no longer be passed by value; they now will be passed by reference
Increases performance and makes OOP more attractive
This document provides information about arrays in PHP. It discusses numeric arrays, associative arrays, and multidimensional arrays. It explains how to create, iterate through, modify, and handle arrays in PHP. Various functions are described, including count(), print_r(), foreach(), array_slice(), and array_merge(). Multidimensional arrays are given as examples to demonstrate nested arrays and how to access elements within them using loops. Methods for splitting and merging arrays are also covered.
An array can store multiple values in a single variable. It contains elements that each have a value and key. There are numeric, associative, and multidimensional arrays in PHP. Arrays can be initialized by assigning values, one by one or all at once. Array contents can be accessed and displayed using a loop or by index. Associative arrays use named keys instead of numeric indexes. The size of an array can be found using the count() function.
PHP arrays can be indexed or associative. Indexed arrays are similar to conventional programming language arrays while associative arrays are like dictionaries or maps where elements can be accessed by keys. Array elements can be of any type and arrays can be heterogeneous. PHP provides many functions for manipulating arrays like count(), sizeof(), array_slice(), in_array(), sorting functions, and more.
An array is a data structure that stores multiple values in a single variable. There are two main types of arrays in PHP: indexed arrays which use integers as keys and associative arrays which use named keys like strings. The document discusses how to define, access, iterate through and perform operations on arrays in PHP such as counting elements and checking if a key exists.
Este documento explica los arrays en PHP. Los arrays permiten almacenar múltiples valores en una sola variable, accediendo a ellos a través de índices. Existen arrays numéricos, asociativos y multidimensionales. Funciones como array(), array_push(), array_pop() y count() permiten manipular arrays. Los bucles foreach se usan comúnmente para recorrer arrays.
This document discusses PHP arrays and their pros and cons. It begins with an introduction of the author, Mahesh Gattani. It then explains that PHP arrays are actually ordered hash maps, which allows different data types but has performance drawbacks like O(n^2) runtime in the worst case due to hashing collisions. The document provides examples of how to mitigate these issues, such as by using alternative data structures like Judy arrays. It also discusses PHP interfaces related to arrays. Finally, it provides references and concludes by inviting the reader to learn more about job opportunities at Lucidchart.
PHP is a widely used scripting language originally designed for web development. It code is embedded into HTML and interpreted by a web server to produce dynamic web pages. PHP can also be run from the command line or used for desktop applications. It is available on most operating systems and works with many databases. The PHP source code is free to use and customize.
The document provides instructions for creating a Point of Sale (POS) voucher type in Tally and configuring payment methods for POS invoices. It instructs the user to create a new POS voucher type under sales, designate it for POS invoicing, and add a message. It then guides setting up multiple payment options like gift vouchers, bank checks, and debit/credit cards when finalizing POS invoices.
The document provides instructions for how to use various tools in Microsoft Paint, including selection, eraser, fill, and drawing tools. Key steps include selecting the desired tool, setting properties like size or color, and then clicking and dragging with the left mouse button to apply the tool. The document also explains how to save images and rotate selected areas within Paint.
Fred Cohen coined the term "computer virus" in 1983 to describe a program that can infect other programs by modifying them to include a copy of itself. In 1984, Cohen expanded the definition, noting that a virus can spread throughout a system using every user's authorizations to infect their programs, causing the infection to grow exponentially as every infected program acts as a virus.
To set up and run a payroll in Tally, the user must first press F11 and F1, then set "Maintain Payroll" and "More than one Payroll/Cost Category" to yes. The user then creates payheads, employee groups, employee group salary details, employees, and employee salary details. To process payroll, the user gives attendance for the month and generates payroll by pressing specified keyboard shortcuts. Payroll reports can be viewed in Tally by navigating to the payroll report page.
This document outlines the steps to enable and make entries for service tax and TDS in Tally.
It describes 3 entries - 1) a journal entry to create an outstanding against the party and TDS on the expense, 2) a second journal entry to deduct the TDS amount, and 3) an entry in the purchase or sales screen to allocate service tax on services.
It also provides steps to create a tax adjustment voucher type and make an adjusting entry to reconcile input and output service tax balances.
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research from the early work in the 1950s to modern advances in deep learning. While progress has been significant, fully general human-level AI remains an ongoing challenge that researchers continue working to achieve.
The document provides tips for customizing desktop and display settings on Windows computers. It includes instructions for setting desktop backgrounds, creating screen savers with text or photos, organizing files using folders, configuring user accounts, and performing other common computer tasks like changing mouse pointers and rotating screen displays. Step-by-step guides are given for each task.
Accounting is the process of recording transactions related to increases or decreases in money, items, or expenses. Accounts that increase or receive money or items are debited, while accounts that decrease or give money or items are credited. There are several types of accounts including money accounts like cash, petty cash, and bank accounts; trading items like stock, goods, and materials; non-trading items that are named directly; expenses that are named directly; and owner's accounts like capital and drawings. The rules for different types of accounts determine whether they are debited or credited for increases and decreases.
This document contains code snippets for opening, writing, reading, and closing files in C programming language. The snippets demonstrate opening files in read and write modes, getting input from the user and writing it to files, reading from files and printing the output, and checking for errors when opening files.
This document provides instructions for basic entries and configurations in Tally. It outlines how to change the screen to double entry mode, check if a ledger already exists, create a new ledger, and make entries in purchase and sales ledgers. It also explains how to view, delete, or change ledgers, enable cost centers and job costing, and configure inventory features like batch numbers, expiry dates, and discounts.
Multimedia refers to using computers to integrate text, graphics, video, animation and sound. It combines visual and audio media to communicate in new ways for entertainment, education and advertising. The document discusses the basics of multimedia and animation, including graphic design, 2D animation, 3D animation, visual effects, and audio/video mixing. It provides examples of software used for each, such as Photoshop for graphic design, Flash for 2D animation, 3D Studio Max for 3D animation, and Adobe Premier for audio/video mixing.
This document discusses PHP arrays and their pros and cons. It begins with an introduction of the author, Mahesh Gattani. It then explains that PHP arrays are actually ordered hash maps, which allows different data types but has performance drawbacks like O(n^2) runtime in the worst case due to hashing collisions. The document provides examples of how to mitigate these issues, such as by using alternative data structures like Judy arrays. It also discusses PHP interfaces related to arrays. Finally, it provides references and concludes by inviting the reader to learn more about job opportunities at Lucidchart.
PHP is a widely used scripting language originally designed for web development. It code is embedded into HTML and interpreted by a web server to produce dynamic web pages. PHP can also be run from the command line or used for desktop applications. It is available on most operating systems and works with many databases. The PHP source code is free to use and customize.
The document provides instructions for creating a Point of Sale (POS) voucher type in Tally and configuring payment methods for POS invoices. It instructs the user to create a new POS voucher type under sales, designate it for POS invoicing, and add a message. It then guides setting up multiple payment options like gift vouchers, bank checks, and debit/credit cards when finalizing POS invoices.
The document provides instructions for how to use various tools in Microsoft Paint, including selection, eraser, fill, and drawing tools. Key steps include selecting the desired tool, setting properties like size or color, and then clicking and dragging with the left mouse button to apply the tool. The document also explains how to save images and rotate selected areas within Paint.
Fred Cohen coined the term "computer virus" in 1983 to describe a program that can infect other programs by modifying them to include a copy of itself. In 1984, Cohen expanded the definition, noting that a virus can spread throughout a system using every user's authorizations to infect their programs, causing the infection to grow exponentially as every infected program acts as a virus.
To set up and run a payroll in Tally, the user must first press F11 and F1, then set "Maintain Payroll" and "More than one Payroll/Cost Category" to yes. The user then creates payheads, employee groups, employee group salary details, employees, and employee salary details. To process payroll, the user gives attendance for the month and generates payroll by pressing specified keyboard shortcuts. Payroll reports can be viewed in Tally by navigating to the payroll report page.
This document outlines the steps to enable and make entries for service tax and TDS in Tally.
It describes 3 entries - 1) a journal entry to create an outstanding against the party and TDS on the expense, 2) a second journal entry to deduct the TDS amount, and 3) an entry in the purchase or sales screen to allocate service tax on services.
It also provides steps to create a tax adjustment voucher type and make an adjusting entry to reconcile input and output service tax balances.
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research from the early work in the 1950s to modern advances in deep learning. While progress has been significant, fully general human-level AI remains an ongoing challenge that researchers continue working to achieve.
The document provides tips for customizing desktop and display settings on Windows computers. It includes instructions for setting desktop backgrounds, creating screen savers with text or photos, organizing files using folders, configuring user accounts, and performing other common computer tasks like changing mouse pointers and rotating screen displays. Step-by-step guides are given for each task.
Accounting is the process of recording transactions related to increases or decreases in money, items, or expenses. Accounts that increase or receive money or items are debited, while accounts that decrease or give money or items are credited. There are several types of accounts including money accounts like cash, petty cash, and bank accounts; trading items like stock, goods, and materials; non-trading items that are named directly; expenses that are named directly; and owner's accounts like capital and drawings. The rules for different types of accounts determine whether they are debited or credited for increases and decreases.
This document contains code snippets for opening, writing, reading, and closing files in C programming language. The snippets demonstrate opening files in read and write modes, getting input from the user and writing it to files, reading from files and printing the output, and checking for errors when opening files.
This document provides instructions for basic entries and configurations in Tally. It outlines how to change the screen to double entry mode, check if a ledger already exists, create a new ledger, and make entries in purchase and sales ledgers. It also explains how to view, delete, or change ledgers, enable cost centers and job costing, and configure inventory features like batch numbers, expiry dates, and discounts.
Multimedia refers to using computers to integrate text, graphics, video, animation and sound. It combines visual and audio media to communicate in new ways for entertainment, education and advertising. The document discusses the basics of multimedia and animation, including graphic design, 2D animation, 3D animation, visual effects, and audio/video mixing. It provides examples of software used for each, such as Photoshop for graphic design, Flash for 2D animation, 3D Studio Max for 3D animation, and Adobe Premier for audio/video mixing.
This document contains HTML code that demonstrates changing font color and background color, and aligning paragraphs of text. The code shows text in red and yellow fonts on a light blue background. It also centers, left aligns, and right aligns paragraphs of text and includes a horizontal rule.
Sessions allow a web server to identify clients between page requests. The server assigns each client a unique session ID stored in a cookie. This ID associates multiple requests from the same client as part of the same session. Sessions expire after a period of inactivity to prevent unauthorized access to a logged-in user's session by another user. PHP manages sessions through the session.auto_start and session.gc_maxlifetime settings in php.ini. Session functions like session_start(), session_unset(), and session_destroy() control session behavior.
PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. It is used by over 80% of all websites and popular content management systems like WordPress and Drupal. PHP code is executed on the server-side, producing dynamic web page content that can also interact with databases and other services.
SQL is a language used to manage databases. It allows users to define and manipulate the data and structure of a database using commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. These commands can be combined with comparison operators like =, >, <, >=, <=, and <> to filter and retrieve data from one or more database tables.
The document discusses relational database management systems (RDBMS). It describes some key disadvantages of file processing systems like data redundancy and inconsistency. An RDBMS uses a database, DBMS, and application programs to allow for data storage in tables/relations with rows and columns. The document outlines important aspects of RDBMS like data models, database languages, database administrators, keys, relationships, and normalization.
This document provides an overview of basic database concepts, characteristics of a database management system and relational database management system, data types used in databases, how to create tables and insert data. It discusses how a database stores organized data for a specific purpose, represents relationships between data, ensures data integrity and access authorization. It also describes how a relational database model uses tables to store data and supports querying and manipulating sets of data.
This document discusses events, delegates, multithreading, and garbage collection in VB.NET. It provides examples of how to handle events using delegates and the Handles keyword. It also describes how to create and manage threads for multithreading. Finally, it discusses how the .NET garbage collector automatically manages memory by collecting unused objects.
1. VB.NET uses a try-catch-finally block to handle exceptions in a structured way. Within this block, code in the try section will execute, while catch blocks handle specific exceptions and finally blocks contain cleanup code.
2. Structures allow grouping of related data and can contain fields, methods, and events. Enumerations are used to represent sets of constants as numeric values.
3. Object-oriented programming models real-world entities as objects that contain data fields and associated methods. Key concepts include inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
The document discusses various looping constructs and array concepts in VB.NET. It covers while, do, for, for each loops and nested loops. It explains arrays, multidimensional arrays, and array functions. It also discusses procedures, functions, and passing arguments by value and reference. Key looping constructs include while-end while, do-loop, for-next, and for each-next loops. Arrays allow storing multiple variables of the same type under one name. Functions and procedures are blocks of reusable code that can optionally return values. Arguments can be passed by value, where the called code cannot modify the original variable, or by reference, where the called code can modify the original variable.