1. The document discusses asynchronous programming in PHP using ReactPHP and compares it to Node.js. It covers non-blocking I/O, event loops, and the reactor pattern. 2. Examples of when to use ReactPHP/Node.js include for chat applications, APIs, queued input, data streaming, proxies, and monitoring. Relational databases and CPU-intensive tasks are given as examples of when not to use them. 3. Differences between Node.js and ReactPHP mentioned include Node.js having more packages/libraries while PHP is more compatible with existing backend code. Node.js is also described as more mature while PHP has better OOP support.