PHP is a server-side scripting language that allows developers to work with strings, constants, operators, arrays, and superglobals. It presents an overview of PHP string functions like str_word_count() and strrev(), how to define constants, the different types of operators in PHP like assignment, comparison, and arithmetic, the three types of arrays, and array functions for sorting. The document also lists the PHP superglobal variables that provide information about headers, files, environment variables, cookies, and more.