Plack perl superglue for web frameworks and servers
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Plack provides a common interface called PSGI (Perl Server Gateway Interface) that allows Perl web applications to run on different web servers. It includes tools like Plackup for running PSGI applications from the command line and middleware for adding functionality. Plack has adapters that allow many existing Perl web frameworks to run under PSGI. It also provides high performance PSGI servers and utilities for building and testing PSGI applications.
![Mo[ou]se everywhere
Moose is non-realistic in CGI environment
Mouse is lovely but has its own problems :p](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-25-320.jpg)
![# WSGI
def hello(environ, start_response):
start_response(“200 OK”, [
(‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’)
])
return [“Hello World”]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-42-320.jpg)
![# Rack
class Hello
def call(env)
return [
200,
{ “Content-Type” => ”text/plain” },
[“Hello World”]
]
end
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-43-320.jpg)
![# PSGI
my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [
200,
[ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’ ],
[ ‘Hello World’ ],
];
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-44-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-46-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-48-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-50-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return sub {
my $respond = shift;
# You could do some event loop
# to delay response (e.g. Comet)
$respond->([ $status, $header, $body ]);
};
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-54-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return sub {
my $respond = shift;
my $w = $respond->([ $status, $header ]);
$w->write($body);
$w->write($body);
...
$w->close;
};
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-55-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
my $mw = sub {
my $env = shift;
# do something with $env
my $res = $app->($env);
# do something with $res;
return $res;
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-71-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
use Plack::Builder;
builder {
enable “Static”, root => “/htdocs”,
path => qr!^/static/!;
enable “Deflater”; # gzip/deflate
$app;
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-74-320.jpg)
![use Plack::Test;
use HTTP::Request::Common;
my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
test_psgi app => $app, client => sub {
my $cb = shift;
my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”;
my $res = $cb->($req);
# test $res;
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-82-320.jpg)
![use Plack::Test;
use HTTP::Request::Common;
$Plack::Test::Impl = “Server”;
my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
test_psgi app => $app, client => sub {
my $cb = shift;
my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”;
my $res = $cb->($req);
# test $res;
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-oasis-100116114632-phpapp02/85/Plack-perl-superglue-for-web-frameworks-and-servers-83-320.jpg)
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Plack perl superglue for web frameworks and servers
- 1. Plack Superglue for Perl Web Frameworks Tatsuhiko Miyagawa Perl Oasis 2010
- 2. Tatsuhiko Miyagawa • Japanese, lives in San Francisco • Works at Six Apart • 170+ CPAN modules (id:MIYAGAWA) • @miyagawa • bulknews.typepad.com
- 3. Background
- 4. 40 slides of why we need Plack. May I fast-forward them? (since Stevan spoiled)
- 6. Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant
- 7. Most of them run on mod_perl and CGI
- 8. Some run on FastCGI
- 10. Very few supports non-blocking
- 11. Because:
- 12. No common server environment layers
- 13. CGI.pm
- 14. Runs “fine” on: CGI, FastCGI, mod_perl (1 & 2) Standalone (with HTTP::Server::Simple)
- 15. CGI.pm = LCD It’s also Perl core
- 16. :-(
- 17. Catalyst The most popular framework as of today
- 18. Catalyst::Engine::* Server abstractions. Well supported Apache, FCGI and Standalone No CGI.pm
- 19. CGI.pm Jifty, CGI::Application, Spoon mod_perl centric Mason, Sledge, PageKit, WebGUI Adapters Catalyst, Maypole, Squatting
- 20. Problems: Duplicated efforts No fair performance evaluations
- 23. HTTP::Engine Lots of adapters (FCGI, Apache2, POE) Clean Request/Response API Written by Yappo, tokuhirom and others
- 24. Problems
- 25. Mo[ou]se everywhere Moose is non-realistic in CGI environment Mouse is lovely but has its own problems :p
- 26. Monolithic All implementations share HTTP::Engine roles and builders, which is sometimes hard to adapt and has less place for optimizations.
- 27. APIs everywhere Most frameworks have their request/response API Sometimes there are gaps. Annoying to write bridges and wrappers
- 28. Solution
- 29. Steal great stuff from Python/Ruby
- 30. WSGI (Python) Rack
- 31. WSGI (PEP-333) mod_wsgi, Paste, AppEngine Django, CherryPy, Pylons
- 33. Rack Passenger, thin, Unicorn, Mongrel, Heroku Rails, Merb, Sinatra
- 35. WSGI/Rack Completely separate interface from the actual implementation
- 36. Approach Split HTTP::Engine into three parts
- 37. Interface Servers Utils & Middleware
- 38. PSGI (interface) HTTP::Server::PSGI etc. (servers) Plack (utils & middleware)
- 39. PSGI Perl Web Server Gateway Interface
- 40. Interface
- 41. WARNING You DON’T need to care about these interface details unless you are framework or middleware developers (But i guess many of you are ...)
- 42. # WSGI def hello(environ, start_response): start_response(“200 OK”, [ (‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’) ]) return [“Hello World”]
- 43. # Rack class Hello def call(env) return [ 200, { “Content-Type” => ”text/plain” }, [“Hello World”] ] end end
- 44. # PSGI my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ 200, [ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’ ], [ ‘Hello World’ ], ]; };
- 45. PSGI application code reference $app = sub {...};
- 46. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; };
- 47. environment hash $env: CGI-like env variables + psgi.input, psgi.errors etc.
- 48. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; };
- 49. Response array ref with three elements status code, headers (array ref) and body (IO-like or array ref)
- 50. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; };
- 51. $body IO::Handle-like getline() and close()
- 52. IO::Handle::Util Easily turns perl code ref into a IO::Handle
- 54. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return sub { my $respond = shift; # You could do some event loop # to delay response (e.g. Comet) $respond->([ $status, $header, $body ]); }; };
- 55. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return sub { my $respond = shift; my $w = $respond->([ $status, $header ]); $w->write($body); $w->write($body); ... $w->close; }; };
- 56. Streaming Interface Originally designed for non-blocking servers Now available for most servers incl. CGI, Apache
- 57. Catalyst CGI::App Jifty Tatsumaki Plack::Middleware PSGI Plack::Handler::* (CGI, FCGI, Apache) Apache lighttpd HTTP::Server::PSGI mod_psgi Perlbal
- 58. PSGI adaptation
- 59. Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant
- 60. Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant
- 63. HTTP::Server::PSGI Reference PSGI web server bundled in Plack
- 64. Very fast 3000 QPS on standalone 15000 QPS with prefork :)
- 65. Plack::Handler Connects PSGI apps to Web servers CGI, FastCGI, Apache, Standalone
- 66. Utilities
- 67. Plackup Run PSGI app instantly from CLI (inspired by rackup)
- 68. Plack::Runner plackup backend Use this to make CLI for your web app
- 69. Middleware
- 71. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; my $mw = sub { my $env = shift; # do something with $env my $res = $app->($env); # do something with $res; return $res; };
- 72. Middleware Debug, Session, Runtime, Static, AccessLog, ConditionalGET, ErrorDocument, StackTrace, Auth::Basic, Auth::Digest, ReverseProxy, Refresh etc.
- 73. Plack::Middleware reusable and extensible Middleware framework Plack::Builder DSL in .psgi
- 74. my $app = sub { return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; use Plack::Builder; builder { enable “Static”, root => “/htdocs”, path => qr!^/static/!; enable “Deflater”; # gzip/deflate $app; }
- 75. plackup compatible plackup -e ‘enable “Foo”;’ app.psgi
- 76. Plack::App::URLMap Multiplex multiple apps Integrated with Builder DSL
- 77. use CatApp; use CGIApp; my $c1 = sub { CatApp->run }; my $c2 = sub { CGIApp->run_psgi }; use Plack::Builder; builder { mount “/cat” => $c1; mount “/cgi-app” => builder { enable “StackTrace”; $c2; }; }
- 78. CGI::PSGI Easy migration from CGI.pm
- 79. CGI::Emulate::PSGI CGI::Compile Easiest migration from CGI scripts (like Registry)
- 80. Plack::Request like libapreq (Apache::Request) wrapper APIs for middleware developers
- 81. Plack::Test Unified interface to write tests with Mock HTTP and Live HTTP
- 82. use Plack::Test; use HTTP::Request::Common; my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; test_psgi app => $app, client => sub { my $cb = shift; my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”; my $res = $cb->($req); # test $res; };
- 83. use Plack::Test; use HTTP::Request::Common; $Plack::Test::Impl = “Server”; my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; test_psgi app => $app, client => sub { my $cb = shift; my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”; my $res = $cb->($req); # test $res; };
- 84. Test::WWW::Mechanize::PSGI acme++
- 86. Non-blocking servers psgi.nonblocking = true AnyEvent, Coro, POE, Danga::Socket
- 87. Tatsumaki Non-blocking Web App framework Comet, Server push, async HTTP client http://github.com/miyagawa/Tatsumaki
- 88. Nomo Unixy PSGI web servers with supervisors support http://github.com/miyagawa/Nomo
- 89. Re’em Unicorn in Moose + FCGI::Manager http://github.com/perigrin/re-em
- 90. nginx embedded perl http://github.com/yappo/nginx-psgi-patchs
- 94. Catalyst CGI::App Jifty Tatsumaki Plack::Middleware PSGI Plack::Handler::* (CGI, FCGI, Apache) Apache lighttpd HTTP::Server::PSGI mod_psgi Perlbal
- 95. DEMO
- 96. Recent Updates
- 98. “Is Plack a (new) framework?”
- 99. No. Plack is intended to be used by developers for framework, web servers and middleware.
- 100. “But what is this Plack::Request then?”
- 101. Ugh. Plack::Request can be used as a micro framework. But our plan is to rename the existing one.
- 102. “Is Plack a web server?”
- 103. Not anymore. Decided to give web servers ::PSGI name such as: HTTP::Server::PSGI, PoCo::Server::PSGI, AnyEvent::HTTPD::PSGI, etc.
- 104. “Implements PSGI = use Plack?”
- 105. Yeah, but not necessarily.
- 106. Future
- 107. PSGI 1.1
- 108. psgi.streaming becomes SHOULD (from MAY) Will be BufferedStreaming middleware
- 109. psgi.input read callback (for WebSockets)
- 110. psgi.logger Optional: Log::Dispatch-ish logger object useful for Debug and FirePHP integration
- 111. psgix.session Optional: Session as a hash ref (API is in Piglet)
- 112. Plack 1.0
- 113. HTTP::Server::PSGI (partial) HTTP/1.1 support pull prefork out of core
- 114. refactoring loaders Restarter, Shotgun, gateway.cgi Plack::Handler renames
- 115. Merge Plack::Request Becomes a library for middleware writers Make it work better when created multiple times
- 116. Summary • PSGI is an interface, Plack is the code. • We have many (pretty fast) PSGI servers. • We have adapters and tools for most web frameworks. • Use it!
- 117. http://github.com/miyagawa/Plack http://plackperl.org/ http://advent.plackperl.org/ irc://irc.perl.org/#plack
- 118. BTW
- 122. We can fix this.
- 123. 1) Help me SEO <a href=”http://plackperl.org/”> (put “Perl” and “Web” here)</a>
- 124. 2) More insanely:
- 125. % ls -l perlwebserver-0.3/lib/PerlWebServer/Module/ total 208 -rw-r--r-- 1 miyagawa staff 6029 Dec 15 2000 mod_cgi.pm -rw-r--r-- 1 miyagawa staff 71770 Dec 15 2000 mod_homer.pm -rw-r--r-- 1 miyagawa staff 5337 Jan 15 15:29 mod_psgi.pm -rw-r--r-- 1 miyagawa staff 7394 Dec 15 2000 mod_ssi.pm
- 126. httpi: I gave up. There is tools/phproxy which does similar things.
- 127. Questions?