plant and animal reproduction presentation.ppt
- 2. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1.Identify the types of animal and plant reproduction, 2.compare animal and plant reproduction and, 3.value the importance of animal and plant reproduction.
- 4. is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents. Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. Reproduction
- 5. Sexual reproduction –Joining of an egg and sperm Asexual reproduction –A single organism replicating its genetic material to split into two identical organisms.
- 6. TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Binary fission: Single parent cell doubles its DNA, then divides into two cells. Budding: Small growth on the surface of the parent breaks off, resulting in the formation of two individuals. Ex. yeast, hydras, Jellyfish
- 8. Fragmentation: Organisms break into two or more fragments that develop into a new individual. Ex. coral, sponges, and starfish). Parthenogenesis: An embryo develops from an unfertilized cell. It is a method in which a new individual developed without fertilization. ex. ants, wasps, and bees
- 10. ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
- 11. HOW DO PLANTS REPRODUCE SEXUALLY?
- 12. Through the process of fertilization- when male and female gametes combine to produce offspring. Flowering plants reproduce sexually through a process called pollination.
- 14. Asexual Reproduction only requires DNA from one parent. It creates offspring that are genetically identical to the parent (clones). Clones lack genetic diversity. This makes them more susceptible to disease. It also makes them less adaptable to changes in the environment.
- 15. Vegitative Reproduction A form of asexual reproduction where a new plant grows from parts of an existing plant. Fast reproduction Examples: – Strawberry runners – Potato eyes and buds – Corms – Bulbs
- 16. Runners- stolon/stem grows horizontally above the ground. The buds are formed at the nodes of runners. Ex. Strawberry, Bermuda grass tubers- These underground growths produce new plants from stems or growing points called eyes. Ex. Potato, sweet potato bulbs- are shortened underground storage structures. They are stems that are enclosed with fleshy, concentric layered leaves. Ex. Garlic, onion, rhizomes- These stems grow sideways along with the soil or just below the surface. They branch apart to produce new points of growth. Ex. Ginger plants.
- 19. Fragmentation is another form of asexual reproduction. It involves new plants growing from small parts of the parent plant that fall to the ground. For example, animals or the wind can break stems or leaves off plants. This is one of the ways that plants like liverworts and mosses reproduce.
- 21. Alteration of Generations Of Nonseed Nonvascular Plants
- 23. Alteration of Generations Of Nonseed Vascular Plants
- 24. Fern reproductive cycle Sporophyte dominant Frond- feathery stems of a fern Sorus- underneath the frond –Produces spores
- 25. Alteration of Generations Of Naked Seed Vascular Plants
- 26. Conifer reproductive cycle Sporophyte dominant Heterosporous- Produces two kinds of spores that develop into male and female cones. – Female cones –Made of many scales –2 ovules at the base of each scale –Each ovule produces a Megaspore which develops into the female archegonia.
- 27. Conifer reproductive cycle – Male cones –Made of small scales that form microspores –4 microspores develop into a single pollen grain –Pollen grains are the male gametophyte that are transported on air currents
- 30. Alteration of Generations Fertilization: Nonvascular plants- Need a film of water for the sperm to reach the egg. Vascular plants- Do not need water for the sperm to reach the egg.
- 31. Alteration of Generations Of Flowering Seed Vascular Plants
- 32. The Parts of a Flower • Most flowers have four parts: • sepals, • petals, • stamens, • Carpels (pistils)
- 33. The parts of a flower • Sepals protect the bud until it opens. • Petals attract insects. • Stamens make pollen. • Pistils (carpel) grow into fruits which contain the seeds.
- 35. Stamen (male) • Anther: pollen grains grow in the anther. • When the grains are fully grown, the anther splits open. • Filament: holds the anther
- 36. Pistil (female) • Stigma • Style • Ovary Stigma – sticky place for pollen to attach Style – where pollen nuclei travels to reach the egg Ovary – where egg is located
- 37. Modifications in Flowers Complete flowers – have all four organs (sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils) – Morning glory and tiger lily Incomplete flowers – lacks one or more of the four organs – Squash and corn
- 38. Tiger Lily – a complete flower
- 39. Female Squash Flower Male Squash Flower Incomplete Flowers
- 40. Modifications in Flowers Perfect flowers- Have both stamens and pistils (E x: Lily) Imperfect flowers- Either have a functioning stamen or pistil, but not both E x : Cucumber, Squash
- 41. SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ANIMAL
- 42. Sexual reproduction is the production of a new organism from two parents by making use of their sex cells or gametes. Humans, fish, frogs, cats, and dogs, all reproduce by the method of sexual reproduction.
- 43. How does fertilization take place? When a sperm cell successfully meets an egg cell in the fallopian tube. Once fertilization takes place, zygote is formed. From there, the zygote will move down the fallopian tube into the uterus. The zygote then burrows into the uterus lining. The stage of development between the zygote or fertilized egg and the newly formed baby is called embryo.
- 47. Asexual Reproduction Following are the important features of asexual reproduction: No formation of gametes or fertilization takes place. Only one parent is involved. The process occurs in very less time. The offspring produced are exact copies of the parent, there is no variation. The growth of the offspring is rapid
- 48. LET’S CHECK! 1. what are the female parts of a flower? 2. Differentiate sexual and asexual reproduction 3. Enumerate the types of asexual reproduction 4. What is alteration of generation? 5. Differentiate internal and external fertilization. 6. Cite examples of animals that reproduce asexually.