Polymorphism allows the same method name to perform different actions depending on the object type. The document discusses polymorphism in the context of playing different audio file types (e.g. MP3, WAV, OGG). It defines an AudioFile parent class with subclasses for each file type that override the play() method. This allows calling play() on any audio file object while the correct playback logic is handled polymorphically based on the file's type.
Encapsulation involves bundling data members and functions inside a class to help with data hiding and ensure objects work independently. It wraps both data and methods into a single unit so end-users only need to provide inputs and receive outputs. Encapsulation provides well-defined, readable code; prevents accidental modification; and provides security. Python supports public, private, and protected access modifiers to restrict access to variables and functions within and outside classes.
This document describes a student results management system that was developed as a web application to manage student results. It has three main modules: a registration/login module, an admin module, and a student module. The admin module allows administrators to create subjects, classes, add students and their results. The student module allows students to view and download their results. The proposed system aims to replace the manual process of managing student results and provide easier access for students to check their results and course information online. It reduces the time needed for students to access their results compared to the existing manual system.
The document discusses object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts in Python. It defines OOP, classes, objects, attributes, methods, inheritance, and polymorphism. Key points include:
- OOP uses classes as templates for objects with identities, states, and behaviors.
- Classes define attributes and methods. Objects are instances of classes.
- Inheritance allows classes to inherit attributes and methods from parent classes. There are different types of inheritance.
- Polymorphism means the same message can be displayed in different forms. Abstraction and encapsulation hide unnecessary details from users.
Data abstraction is the process of hiding unnecessary implementation details and exposing only essential information to the user. It separates the interface from the implementation. In Python, data abstraction can be achieved through abstract classes, which cannot be instantiated directly but can be inherited. Abstract classes define a common API for subclasses and allow concrete methods to be implemented only once for all subclasses. Data abstraction improves flexibility, reusability, and makes working on large codebases with teams easier.
Dimensionality Reduction in Machine LearningRomiRoy4
This document discusses dimensionality reduction techniques. Dimensionality reduction reduces the number of random variables under consideration to address issues like sparsity and less similarity between data points. It is accomplished through feature selection, which omits redundant/irrelevant features, or feature extraction, which maps features into a lower dimensional space. Dimensionality reduction provides advantages like less complexity, storage needs, computation time and improved model accuracy. Popular techniques include principal component analysis (PCA), which extracts new variables, and filtering methods. PCA involves standardizing data, computing correlations via the covariance matrix, and identifying principal components via eigenvectors and eigenvalues.
Grade 8 Integrated Science Chapter 9 Lesson 3 on energy changes, chemical reactions, endothermic and exothermic reactions, and activation energy. Understanding a reaction potential energy diagram.
Exception handling in Python allows programmers to handle errors and exceptions that occur during runtime. The try/except block handles exceptions, with code in the try block executing normally and code in the except block executing if an exception occurs. Finally blocks ensure code is always executed after a try/except block. Programmers can define custom exceptions and raise exceptions using the raise statement.
Basics of Object Oriented Programming in PythonSujith Kumar
The document discusses key concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP) including classes, objects, methods, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It provides examples of classes in Python and explains OOP principles like defining classes with the class keyword, using self to reference object attributes and methods, and inheriting from base classes. The document also describes operator overloading in Python to allow operators to have different meanings based on the object types.
Class, object and inheritance in pythonSantosh Verma
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Python, including classes, objects, methods, inheritance, and the built-in __init__ method. Classes are created using the class keyword and contain attributes and methods. Methods must have a self parameter, which refers to the instance of the class. The __init__ method is similar to a constructor and is called when an object is instantiated. Inheritance allows one class to inherit attributes and methods from another class.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) organizes code around data objects rather than functions. In Python, classes are user-defined templates for objects that contain attributes (data) and methods (functions). When a class is instantiated, an object is created with its own copies of the attributes. Self refers to the object itself and allows methods to access and modify its attributes. Classes in Python allow for code reusability, modularity, and flexibility through encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
The document discusses various concepts related to functions in Python including defining functions, passing arguments, default arguments, arbitrary argument lists, lambda expressions, function annotations, and documentation strings. Functions provide modularity and code reusability. Arguments can be passed by value or reference and default values are evaluated once. Keyword, arbitrary and unpacked arguments allow flexible calling. Lambda expressions define small anonymous functions. Annotations provide type metadata and docstrings document functions.
This document discusses classes, objects, and inheritance in Python. It defines a class as a blueprint for creating objects, with objects being instances of a class. It describes how to define a class in Python using the class keyword and how to create object instances from a class. The document also explains inheritance in Python, where a derived or child class can inherit attributes and methods from a parent or base class, allowing for single, multiple, multilevel, hybrid and hierarchical inheritance.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Python including objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. It defines key terms like objects, classes, and methods. It explains how to create classes and objects in Python. It also discusses special methods, modules, and the __name__ variable.
PYTHON-Chapter 3-Classes and Object-oriented Programming: MAULIK BORSANIYAMaulik Borsaniya
Classes and Object-oriented Programming:
Classes: Creating a Class, The Self Variable, Constructor, Types of Variables, Namespaces, Types of Methods (Instance Methods, Class Methods, Static Methods), Passing Members of One Class to Another Class, Inner Classes
Inheritance and Polymorphism: Constructors in Inheritance, Overriding Super Class Constructors and Methods, The super() Method, Types of Inheritance, Single Inheritance, Multiple Inheritance, Method Resolution Order (MRO), Polymorphism, Duck Typing Philosophy of Python, Operator Overloading, Method Overloading, Method Overriding
Abstract Classes and Interfaces: Abstract Method and Abstract Class, Interfaces in Python, Abstract Classes vs. Interfaces,
The tutorial will introduce you to Python Packages. This Python basic tutorial will help you understand creating a Python package. You will understand the example of a Python Package. After that, you will understand different ways to access Python Packages. Further, the demonstration will educate you on how to create Python Package.
The document discusses various Python flow control statements including if/else, for loops, while loops, break and continue. It provides examples of using if/else statements for decision making and checking conditions. It also demonstrates how to use for and while loops for iteration, including using the range function. It explains how break and continue can be used to terminate or skip iterations. Finally, it briefly mentions pass, for, while loops with else blocks, and nested loops.
1. Inheritance is a mechanism where a new class is derived from an existing class, known as the base or parent class. The derived class inherits properties and methods from the parent class.
2. There are 5 types of inheritance: single, multilevel, multiple, hierarchical, and hybrid. Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit from more than one parent class.
3. Overriding allows a subclass to replace or extend a method defined in the parent class, while still calling the parent method using the super() function or parent class name. This allows the subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method.
Polymorphism refers to a function having the same name but being used in different ways and different scenarios, making programming easier and more intuitive. Polymorphism is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that allows one function to display multiple functionalities through inheritance, where a child class inherits all methods from the parent class. In Python, polymorphism can be implemented through classes having different methods with the same name, inheritance where child classes can override parent methods, and by defining functions that can accept different object types.
This document provides an introduction to object oriented programming in Python. It discusses key OOP concepts like classes, methods, encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, and more. Each concept is explained in 1-2 paragraphs with examples provided in Python code snippets. The document is presented as a slideshow that is meant to be shared and provide instruction on OOP in Python.
Python functions allow for reusable code through defining functions, passing arguments, returning values, and setting scopes. Functions can take positional or keyword arguments, as well as variable length arguments. Default arguments allow functions to specify default values for optional parameters. Functions are objects that can be assigned to variables and referenced later.
The document discusses file handling in Python. It explains that a file is used to permanently store data in non-volatile memory. It describes opening, reading, writing, and closing files. It discusses opening files in different modes like read, write, append. It also explains attributes of file objects like name, closed, and mode. The document also covers reading and writing text and binary files, pickle module for serialization, and working with CSV files and the os.path module.
Modules allow grouping of related functions and code into reusable files. Packages are groups of modules that provide related functionality. There are several ways to import modules and their contents using import and from statements. The document provides examples of creating modules and packages in Python and importing from them.
( ** Python Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/python ** )
This Edureka PPT on Tkinter tutorial covers all the basic aspects of creating and making use of your own simple Graphical User Interface (GUI) using Python. It establishes all of the concepts needed to get started with building your own user interfaces while coding in Python.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as runtime errors that occur during program execution. It describes different types of exceptions like checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. It explains how to use try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions. The catch block catches and handles specific exceptions. The finally block contains cleanup code that always executes regardless of exceptions. The document provides examples of exception handling code in Java.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Python including classes, objects, methods, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It provides examples of defining a class with attributes and methods, instantiating objects from a class, and accessing object attributes and methods. It also covers the differences between procedure-oriented and object-oriented programming, and fundamental OOP concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism in Python.
polymorphismppt for Computer Applications-211218133624.pptxwaarrior1234567
Polymorphism allows the same function name to be used for different types in Python. It also lets child classes inherit methods from parent classes but modify them. This presentation gives examples of built-in polymorphic functions and using polymorphism with class methods and inheritance, where child classes can override parent class methods. Polymorphism is concluded to be an important concept that allows different classes to have methods with the same name.
Exception handling in Python allows programmers to handle errors and exceptions that occur during runtime. The try/except block handles exceptions, with code in the try block executing normally and code in the except block executing if an exception occurs. Finally blocks ensure code is always executed after a try/except block. Programmers can define custom exceptions and raise exceptions using the raise statement.
Basics of Object Oriented Programming in PythonSujith Kumar
The document discusses key concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP) including classes, objects, methods, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It provides examples of classes in Python and explains OOP principles like defining classes with the class keyword, using self to reference object attributes and methods, and inheriting from base classes. The document also describes operator overloading in Python to allow operators to have different meanings based on the object types.
Class, object and inheritance in pythonSantosh Verma
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Python, including classes, objects, methods, inheritance, and the built-in __init__ method. Classes are created using the class keyword and contain attributes and methods. Methods must have a self parameter, which refers to the instance of the class. The __init__ method is similar to a constructor and is called when an object is instantiated. Inheritance allows one class to inherit attributes and methods from another class.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) organizes code around data objects rather than functions. In Python, classes are user-defined templates for objects that contain attributes (data) and methods (functions). When a class is instantiated, an object is created with its own copies of the attributes. Self refers to the object itself and allows methods to access and modify its attributes. Classes in Python allow for code reusability, modularity, and flexibility through encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
The document discusses various concepts related to functions in Python including defining functions, passing arguments, default arguments, arbitrary argument lists, lambda expressions, function annotations, and documentation strings. Functions provide modularity and code reusability. Arguments can be passed by value or reference and default values are evaluated once. Keyword, arbitrary and unpacked arguments allow flexible calling. Lambda expressions define small anonymous functions. Annotations provide type metadata and docstrings document functions.
This document discusses classes, objects, and inheritance in Python. It defines a class as a blueprint for creating objects, with objects being instances of a class. It describes how to define a class in Python using the class keyword and how to create object instances from a class. The document also explains inheritance in Python, where a derived or child class can inherit attributes and methods from a parent or base class, allowing for single, multiple, multilevel, hybrid and hierarchical inheritance.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts in Python including objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. It defines key terms like objects, classes, and methods. It explains how to create classes and objects in Python. It also discusses special methods, modules, and the __name__ variable.
PYTHON-Chapter 3-Classes and Object-oriented Programming: MAULIK BORSANIYAMaulik Borsaniya
Classes and Object-oriented Programming:
Classes: Creating a Class, The Self Variable, Constructor, Types of Variables, Namespaces, Types of Methods (Instance Methods, Class Methods, Static Methods), Passing Members of One Class to Another Class, Inner Classes
Inheritance and Polymorphism: Constructors in Inheritance, Overriding Super Class Constructors and Methods, The super() Method, Types of Inheritance, Single Inheritance, Multiple Inheritance, Method Resolution Order (MRO), Polymorphism, Duck Typing Philosophy of Python, Operator Overloading, Method Overloading, Method Overriding
Abstract Classes and Interfaces: Abstract Method and Abstract Class, Interfaces in Python, Abstract Classes vs. Interfaces,
The tutorial will introduce you to Python Packages. This Python basic tutorial will help you understand creating a Python package. You will understand the example of a Python Package. After that, you will understand different ways to access Python Packages. Further, the demonstration will educate you on how to create Python Package.
The document discusses various Python flow control statements including if/else, for loops, while loops, break and continue. It provides examples of using if/else statements for decision making and checking conditions. It also demonstrates how to use for and while loops for iteration, including using the range function. It explains how break and continue can be used to terminate or skip iterations. Finally, it briefly mentions pass, for, while loops with else blocks, and nested loops.
1. Inheritance is a mechanism where a new class is derived from an existing class, known as the base or parent class. The derived class inherits properties and methods from the parent class.
2. There are 5 types of inheritance: single, multilevel, multiple, hierarchical, and hybrid. Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit from more than one parent class.
3. Overriding allows a subclass to replace or extend a method defined in the parent class, while still calling the parent method using the super() function or parent class name. This allows the subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method.
Polymorphism refers to a function having the same name but being used in different ways and different scenarios, making programming easier and more intuitive. Polymorphism is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that allows one function to display multiple functionalities through inheritance, where a child class inherits all methods from the parent class. In Python, polymorphism can be implemented through classes having different methods with the same name, inheritance where child classes can override parent methods, and by defining functions that can accept different object types.
This document provides an introduction to object oriented programming in Python. It discusses key OOP concepts like classes, methods, encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, and more. Each concept is explained in 1-2 paragraphs with examples provided in Python code snippets. The document is presented as a slideshow that is meant to be shared and provide instruction on OOP in Python.
Python functions allow for reusable code through defining functions, passing arguments, returning values, and setting scopes. Functions can take positional or keyword arguments, as well as variable length arguments. Default arguments allow functions to specify default values for optional parameters. Functions are objects that can be assigned to variables and referenced later.
The document discusses file handling in Python. It explains that a file is used to permanently store data in non-volatile memory. It describes opening, reading, writing, and closing files. It discusses opening files in different modes like read, write, append. It also explains attributes of file objects like name, closed, and mode. The document also covers reading and writing text and binary files, pickle module for serialization, and working with CSV files and the os.path module.
Modules allow grouping of related functions and code into reusable files. Packages are groups of modules that provide related functionality. There are several ways to import modules and their contents using import and from statements. The document provides examples of creating modules and packages in Python and importing from them.
( ** Python Certification Training: https://www.edureka.co/python ** )
This Edureka PPT on Tkinter tutorial covers all the basic aspects of creating and making use of your own simple Graphical User Interface (GUI) using Python. It establishes all of the concepts needed to get started with building your own user interfaces while coding in Python.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as runtime errors that occur during program execution. It describes different types of exceptions like checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. It explains how to use try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions. The catch block catches and handles specific exceptions. The finally block contains cleanup code that always executes regardless of exceptions. The document provides examples of exception handling code in Java.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Python including classes, objects, methods, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It provides examples of defining a class with attributes and methods, instantiating objects from a class, and accessing object attributes and methods. It also covers the differences between procedure-oriented and object-oriented programming, and fundamental OOP concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism in Python.
polymorphismppt for Computer Applications-211218133624.pptxwaarrior1234567
Polymorphism allows the same function name to be used for different types in Python. It also lets child classes inherit methods from parent classes but modify them. This presentation gives examples of built-in polymorphic functions and using polymorphism with class methods and inheritance, where child classes can override parent class methods. Polymorphism is concluded to be an important concept that allows different classes to have methods with the same name.
Learn Polymorphism in Python with Examples.pdfDatacademy.ai
In Python, polymorphisms refer to the occurrence of something in multiple forms. As part of polymorphism, a Python child class has methods with the same name as a parent class method. This is an essential part of programming. A single type of entity is used to represent a variety of types in different contexts (methods, operators, objects, etc.)
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This document discusses polymorphism in Python. It defines polymorphism as objects exhibiting different behaviors based on their data type or class. It describes types of polymorphism in Python including duck typing and method overloading. It explains how inheritance and abstract base classes allow for polymorphism and interface-like behavior. The conclusion restates that polymorphism allows objects to be treated as a common base class and enables different responses to the same method call based on object type.
This document summarizes key concepts about polymorphism in C#, including method overloading, method overriding, and the base and sealed keywords. It explains that polymorphism allows the same method name to have different implementations. Method overloading uses the same name but different parameters at compile-time, while method overriding uses the same name and signature but different implementations at runtime through inheritance. The base keyword accesses members of the parent class, and sealed prevents a class or method from being overridden or inherited.
This document discusses polymorphism in C# through method overloading and overriding. It defines polymorphism as the ability to take multiple forms, and describes how it allows defining methods with the same name but different parameters (overloading) or same signature in a base and derived class (overriding). It provides examples of overloading methods based on number/type of arguments, and overriding a virtual method using the override keyword. The base keyword and sealed modifier are also introduced.
Python supports object-oriented programming through classes, objects, and related concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. A class acts as a blueprint to create object instances. Objects contain data fields and methods. Inheritance allows classes to inherit attributes and behaviors from parent classes. Polymorphism enables the same interface to work with objects of different types. Encapsulation helps protect data by restricting access.
OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System or Object-Oriented Programming Structure. It's a programming paradigm that organizes code into objects that contain data and behavior.
Object-Oriented Thinking- A way of viewing world – Agents and Communities, messages and methods, Responsibilities, Classes and Instances, Class Hierarchies- Inheritance, Method binding, Overriding and Exceptions, Summary of Object-Oriented concepts. Java buzzwords, An Overview of Java, Data types, Variables and Arrays, operators, expressions, control statements, Introducing classes, Methods and Classes, String handling.
Inheritance– Inheritance concept, Inheritance basics, Member access, Constructors, Creating Multilevel hierarchy, super uses, using final with inheritance, Polymorphism-ad hoc polymorphism, pure polymorphism, method overriding, abstract classes, Object class, forms of inheritance specialization, specification, construction, extension, limitation, combination, benefits of inheritance, costs of inheritance
This document discusses key concepts in object-oriented programming including encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Encapsulation involves restricting access to certain areas of a class and providing access through public methods. Inheritance allows classes to share behaviors through a parent-child relationship. Polymorphism enables one interface to have different implementations. Abstraction hides implementation details and exposes only functionality through abstract classes and interfaces.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts including classes, visibility, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. A class defines the structure and behavior of an object and includes both data and functions. Visibility determines which members can be accessed from within or outside the class. Encapsulation wraps data and functions into a single unit. Inheritance allows a subclass to inherit properties and behaviors from a parent class. Polymorphism enables classes to provide different implementations of methods with the same name. Abstraction hides implementation details and provides essential public methods to manipulate object data without knowing internal details.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts, including classes, visibility, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. A class defines the structure and behavior of an object, and can contain both data and functions. Visibility determines which members can be accessed from inside or outside a class. Encapsulation wraps data and functions together, while inheritance allows classes to inherit attributes from parent classes. Polymorphism enables different implementations of methods with the same name. Abstraction hides implementation details and provides a public interface.
Questpond - Top 10 Interview Questions and Answers on OOPSgdrealspace
This document discusses key concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP) such as objects, attributes, behaviors, identity, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It provides definitions and examples for each concept. For example, it explains that an object bundles variables and methods, attributes define an object's characteristics, and encapsulation hides an object's internal details and validates values before they can be changed. The document also distinguishes between compile-time and run-time polymorphism.
The document discusses the concept of inheritance in object-oriented programming. It defines inheritance as a child class automatically inheriting variables and methods from its parent class. The key benefits of inheritance are reusability of code and properties. The document explains how to create a subclass using the extends keyword, the constructor calling chain, and use of the super keyword. It also covers overriding and hiding methods, hiding fields, type casting, and final classes and methods.
Diabetes is a disease which is rapidly increasing all over the world. It occurs when pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin, or body can not sufficiently use insulin it produces. Diabetes person has increase blood glucose in the body. One of the major problem diabetic patients suffers from is the Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and blindness. Since the number of diabetes patients is continuously increasing, it increases the data as well.
This document provides an introduction to data science concepts through a case study on National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) transactions. It discusses data munging techniques like importing, sorting, filtering, reducing the NEFT dataset. Exploratory data analysis is applied for null value handling and graphical representations. Data modeling steps involve identifying entities, properties, relationships to map attributes. Data visualization techniques like bar graphs, scatter plots and heatmaps are used. Applications of data science in banking, finance, healthcare and other industries are also covered. The case study successfully implements these techniques on the NEFT dataset.
The hardware components are everything you can physically touch and see in a computer, including all the input and output devices from keyboards, mics, and mice to screens and speakers
The Rock , Paper & Scissor game illustrates the basic principle of an adaptive artificial intelligence technology. The system learns to identify pattern of a person’s behavior by analyzing their decision strategies in order to predict future behavior.
This document discusses the graph coloring problem. Graph coloring involves assigning colors to vertices of a graph such that no adjacent vertices have the same color. The document specifically discusses the M-coloring problem, which involves determining if a graph can be colored with at most M colors. It describes using a backtracking algorithm to solve this problem by recursively trying all possible color assignments and abandoning ("backtracking") invalid partial solutions. The document provides pseudocode for the algorithm and discusses its time complexity and applications of graph coloring problems.
The objectives of the study are to identify the existing evidence on risks and opportunities associated with climate change as regards economic development, and in particular agricultural development.
Cryptography is technique of securing information and communications through use of codes so that only those person for whom the information is intended can understand it and process it. Thus preventing unauthorized access to information. The prefix “crypt” means “hidden” and suffix graphy means “writing”.
Simran Pardeshi's presentation discusses economic rights, which relate to living with dignity and participating fully in society. These rights include fair wages, social security, housing, food, water, healthcare, and education. The presentation outlines specific economic rights like equality for men and women, the right to work, form unions, an adequate standard of living, health, family protection, and social security. Reasons for constitutionalizing these rights include ensuring human well-being and responding to popular demands. While costs and flexibility are concerns, economic rights are seen as the best hope to make corporations serve human needs.
This document discusses Hamiltonian cycles and paths. It defines a Hamiltonian cycle as a path that passes once and only once through every vertex of a graph, returning to the starting point. Similarly, a Hamiltonian path passes through every vertex only once but does not return to the starting point. The document provides examples of applications of Hamiltonian cycles and paths, such as planning bus routes and genome mapping. It also describes how testing for the existence of Hamiltonian cycles can be used to automatically test for defects in data transfer between states in an application.
Hashing is the process of converting a given key into another value. A hash function is used to generate the new value according to a mathematical algorithm. The result of a hash function is known as a hash value or simply, a hash.
Water scarcity is caused by pollution, overuse of water resources, climate change, and growing freshwater demand. It affects over 3.5 million deaths annually and causes issues like hunger, poverty, disease and conflicts. To prevent further water scarcity, measures must be taken like sustainable water management, rainwater harvesting, pollution control, better sewage systems, and increasing education and awareness around water conservation.
In multimedia applications, a lot of data manipulation (e.g. A/D, D/A and format conversion) is required and this involves a lot of data transfer, which consumes many resources.
Dsdco IE: RISC and CISC architectures and design issuesHome
RISC is an alternative to the Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) architecture and is often considered the most efficient CPU architecture technology available today.
This document describes a hospital management system project that aims to reduce paperwork and improve efficiency. It discusses the software and hardware requirements, entity-relationship diagram, relational schema, implementation including sample queries, data normalization, future enhancements, and conclusion. The system allows doctors, nurses, and other staff to access patient information from any connected computer to streamline processes.
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION IN PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL LIFEHome
Communication is fundamental to the existence and
survival of humans as well as to an organization. It is a
process of creating and sharing ideas, information, views,
facts, feelings, etc. among the people to reach a common
understanding.
ACTIVITY BASED LEARNING THROUGH ONLINE COLLEGEHome
The document summarizes the activities completed by a group as part of an activity-based learning project. Over five days, the group performed activities including a situation reaction test, thematic apperception test, case study on air pollution prediction, group discussion on blockchain voting systems, designing an online survey, and writing blogs on topics like AI vs ML. The group found the activities helped develop their teamwork, communication, critical thinking, and career skills.
SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RAINWATER HARVESTINGHome
Smart waste management focuses on solving the previously mentioned solid waste management problems by using sensors, intelligent monitoring systems, and mobile applications
Rock , paper and scissors game made with PYTHON Home
Rock, Paper & Scissors is a presentation by Simran Pardeshi, Pranav Raorane, Ishika Sharma, and Aditya Shukla that uses a rock paper scissors game to illustrate how an adaptive artificial intelligence can learn and predict patterns in a person's behavior. The game analyzes a person's decision strategies to identify patterns and predict future behavior. While the optimal strategy is random and fast moves, creating the game in Python is a customizable and easy way to demonstrate artificial intelligence concepts.
Biomass refers to living matter that can be used as a fuel source, such as wood, waste and alcohol fuels derived from crops. It has advantages as a renewable resource but also disadvantages like contributing to global warming. Biomass can be converted to usable energy through direct incineration, bacterial decay, fermentation, or thermal and chemical processes. Common uses of biomass energy are residential heating and industrial processes. Recycling polymers is important because plastics pollute the environment and harm wildlife when not degraded. The recycling process involves sorting, cleaning, melting, reforming and pelletizing plastic into a form that can be used to make new plastic products. While recycling has economic and environmental benefits over alternatives like incin
An autotransformer is
an electrical transformer
with only one winding.
In an autotransformer portion
of the same winding act as
both primary and secondary
sides of the transformer.
The role of the lexical analyzer
Specification of tokens
Finite state machines
From a regular expressions to an NFA
Convert NFA to DFA
Transforming grammars and regular expressions
Transforming automata to grammars
Language for specifying lexical analyzers
Passenger car unit (PCU) of a vehicle type depends on vehicular characteristics, stream characteristics, roadway characteristics, environmental factors, climate conditions and control conditions. Keeping in view various factors affecting PCU, a model was developed taking a volume to capacity ratio and percentage share of particular vehicle type as independent parameters. A microscopic traffic simulation model VISSIM has been used in present study for generating traffic flow data which some time very difficult to obtain from field survey. A comparison study was carried out with the purpose of verifying when the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models are appropriate for prediction of PCUs of different vehicle types. From the results observed that ANFIS model estimates were closer to the corresponding simulated PCU values compared to MLR and ANN models. It is concluded that the ANFIS model showed greater potential in predicting PCUs from v/c ratio and proportional share for all type of vehicles whereas MLR and ANN models did not perform well.
In tube drawing process, a tube is pulled out through a die and a plug to reduce its diameter and thickness as per the requirement. Dimensional accuracy of cold drawn tubes plays a vital role in the further quality of end products and controlling rejection in manufacturing processes of these end products. Springback phenomenon is the elastic strain recovery after removal of forming loads, causes geometrical inaccuracies in drawn tubes. Further, this leads to difficulty in achieving close dimensional tolerances. In the present work springback of EN 8 D tube material is studied for various cold drawing parameters. The process parameters in this work include die semi-angle, land width and drawing speed. The experimentation is done using Taguchi’s L36 orthogonal array, and then optimization is done in data analysis software Minitab 17. The results of ANOVA shows that 15 degrees die semi-angle,5 mm land width and 6 m/min drawing speed yields least springback. Furthermore, optimization algorithms named Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are applied which shows that 15 degrees die semi-angle, 10 mm land width and 8 m/min drawing speed results in minimal springback with almost 10.5 % improvement. Finally, the results of experimentation are validated with Finite Element Analysis technique using ANSYS.
"Boiler Feed Pump (BFP): Working, Applications, Advantages, and Limitations E...Infopitaara
A Boiler Feed Pump (BFP) is a critical component in thermal power plants. It supplies high-pressure water (feedwater) to the boiler, ensuring continuous steam generation.
⚙️ How a Boiler Feed Pump Works
Water Collection:
Feedwater is collected from the deaerator or feedwater tank.
Pressurization:
The pump increases water pressure using multiple impellers/stages in centrifugal types.
Discharge to Boiler:
Pressurized water is then supplied to the boiler drum or economizer section, depending on design.
🌀 Types of Boiler Feed Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps (most common):
Multistage for higher pressure.
Used in large thermal power stations.
Positive Displacement Pumps (less common):
For smaller or specific applications.
Precise flow control but less efficient for large volumes.
🛠️ Key Operations and Controls
Recirculation Line: Protects the pump from overheating at low flow.
Throttle Valve: Regulates flow based on boiler demand.
Control System: Often automated via DCS/PLC for variable load conditions.
Sealing & Cooling Systems: Prevent leakage and maintain pump health.
⚠️ Common BFP Issues
Cavitation due to low NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head).
Seal or bearing failure.
Overheating from improper flow or recirculation.
The Fluke 925 is a vane anemometer, a handheld device designed to measure wind speed, air flow (volume), and temperature. It features a separate sensor and display unit, allowing greater flexibility and ease of use in tight or hard-to-reach spaces. The Fluke 925 is particularly suitable for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) maintenance in both residential and commercial buildings, offering a durable and cost-effective solution for routine airflow diagnostics.
its all about Artificial Intelligence(Ai) and Machine Learning and not on advanced level you can study before the exam or can check for some information on Ai for project
We introduce the Gaussian process (GP) modeling module developed within the UQLab software framework. The novel design of the GP-module aims at providing seamless integration of GP modeling into any uncertainty quantification workflow, as well as a standalone surrogate modeling tool. We first briefly present the key mathematical tools on the basis of GP modeling (a.k.a. Kriging), as well as the associated theoretical and computational framework. We then provide an extensive overview of the available features of the software and demonstrate its flexibility and user-friendliness. Finally, we showcase the usage and the performance of the software on several applications borrowed from different fields of engineering. These include a basic surrogate of a well-known analytical benchmark function; a hierarchical Kriging example applied to wind turbine aero-servo-elastic simulations and a more complex geotechnical example that requires a non-stationary, user-defined correlation function. The GP-module, like the rest of the scientific code that is shipped with UQLab, is open source (BSD license).
2. INTRODUCTION
• In programming, polymorphism means the same function name (but different
signatures) being used for different types.
• In Python, Polymorphism lets us define methods in the child class that have
the same name as the methods in the parent class. In inheritance, the child
class inherits the methods from the parent class. However, it is possible to
modify a method in a child class that it has inherited from the parent class.
5. Polymorphism with class methods:
• The below code shows how Python can use two different class types, in the same way. We create a for
loop that iterates through a tuple of objects. Then call the methods without being concerned about
which class type each object is. We assume that these methods actually exist in each class.
• CODE:
7. Polymorphismwith Inheritance:
• In Python, Polymorphism lets us define methods in the child class that have the same name
as the methods in the parent class. In inheritance, the child class inherits the methods from
the parent class. However, it is possible to modify a method in a child class that it has
inherited from the parent class. This is particularly useful in cases where the method
inherited from the parent class doesn’t quite fit the child class. In such cases, we re-
implement the method in the child class. This process of re-implementing method in the
child class is known as Method Overriding.
10. CONCLUSION
•Polymorphism is a very important concept in Object-
Oriented Programming. We can use the concept of
polymorphism while creating class methods as Python
allows different classes to have methods with the same
name.