Ponies and Unicorns With Scala
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A teaser talk for Scala newbies, introducing five basic elements that (in my opinion) make the transition from Java to Scala a no-brainer. Given at the 7th JJTV (Israeli Java/JVM user group) tool night, July 2nd, 2013.
![Compare…
List<Integer> list = …;
List<Integer> onlyEvens =
filter( list, new Predicate<Integer>() {
public boolean test( Integer value ) {
return value % 2 == 0;
}
} );
val list: List[ Int ] = …;
val onlyEvens = list.filter( _ % 2 == 0 )](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/poniesandunicornswithscala-130702150828-phpapp02/85/Ponies-and-Unicorns-With-Scala-9-320.jpg)
![NPEs are still crap
• In Scala, nulls are a code smell
• … except for legacy interop
def lower( v: Option[ String ] ) =
v.map( _.toLowerCase )
Clear semantics
Explicit access](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/poniesandunicornswithscala-130702150828-phpapp02/85/Ponies-and-Unicorns-With-Scala-13-320.jpg)
![Options are great!
• Loads of helpers:
– optional.getOrElse( “default value” )
– optional.orElse( anotherOption )
– optional.orNull // Legacy helper
• Just another collection!
– def lookup( id: Long ): Option[ User ] = …
for ( id <- idList; user <- lookup( id ) )
println( user.name )](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/poniesandunicornswithscala-130702150828-phpapp02/85/Ponies-and-Unicorns-With-Scala-14-320.jpg)
![Functional composition
• Consider collections…
– Iterable[T] provides iteration
– Seq[T] implies ordering and indexing
– Vector[T] implements Seq[T]
• map, filter, foreach implemented by
Iterable[T]
• … Seq adds indexOf, slice, sortBy…
• … Vector re-implements for performance!](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/poniesandunicornswithscala-130702150828-phpapp02/85/Ponies-and-Unicorns-With-Scala-20-320.jpg)
![It will rock your world
Given the following:
case class Person( name: String, age: Int )
val people: List[ Person ] = …
You can now do…
val firstTen = people.take( 10 )
val onlyMinors = people.filter( _.age < 18 )
val nameSet = people.map( _.name ).toSet](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/poniesandunicornswithscala-130702150828-phpapp02/85/Ponies-and-Unicorns-With-Scala-22-320.jpg)
![Maps
• Maps are also collections
• … and can be used as lookup functions
val peopleById: Map[ Long, Person ] = …
def getPeople( ids: List[ Long ] ) =
ids map peopleById](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/poniesandunicornswithscala-130702150828-phpapp02/85/Ponies-and-Unicorns-With-Scala-24-320.jpg)
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Ponies and Unicorns With Scala
- 1. Ponies and unicorns with A JJTV Tools Night Presentation Tomer Gabel, Wix.com
- 2. You want these • Type inference • Closures • Options • Traits • Collection Framework
- 4. Saves buttloads of code! final Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>(); parameters.put( “param1”, “value” ); parameters.put( “param2”, “value” ); val parameterMap = Map( “param1” → “value”, “param2” → “value” )
- 5. Type inference • Pervasive! – Locals – Parameters – Type parameters – … everything other than formal definitions, really!
- 6. Closures #2
- 7. Simply put… • Short-hand for unnamed functions val isEven = ( v: Int ) => v % 2 == 0 • Can be passed around as parameters def filterBy( predicate: Int => Boolean )
- 8. Functional building block • All Scala collections (of T) support: – Filtering by predicate (T=>Boolean) – Finding a value by predicate – Mapping by transformation (T=>R) – Sorting by an arbitrary function
- 9. Compare… List<Integer> list = …; List<Integer> onlyEvens = filter( list, new Predicate<Integer>() { public boolean test( Integer value ) { return value % 2 == 0; } } ); val list: List[ Int ] = …; val onlyEvens = list.filter( _ % 2 == 0 )
- 10. Callbacks // Runs a background process def invokeProcess( command: String, onExit: Int => Unit ) // Call site: invokeProcess( “tar –cvjf backup.tar.bz2 *”, exitCode => if ( exitCode <> 0 ) error( “Failed to generate backup!” ) )
- 11. Options #3
- 12. NPEs are crap String lower( String v ) { if ( v == null ) return null; else return v.toLowerCase(); } Does not document intent Redundant Always needs checking
- 13. NPEs are still crap • In Scala, nulls are a code smell • … except for legacy interop def lower( v: Option[ String ] ) = v.map( _.toLowerCase ) Clear semantics Explicit access
- 14. Options are great! • Loads of helpers: – optional.getOrElse( “default value” ) – optional.orElse( anotherOption ) – optional.orNull // Legacy helper • Just another collection! – def lookup( id: Long ): Option[ User ] = … for ( id <- idList; user <- lookup( id ) ) println( user.name )
- 15. Traits #4
- 16. Multiple inheritance • Traits are like Java interfaces • … with optional implementation • Useful for: – Helpers – Functional composition – Good old interface declarations
- 17. Boilerplate 101 import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; class MyClass { private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger( MyClass.class ); void myMethod() { log.info( “Some message” ); } } x1000 classes Boilerplate!
- 18. The Logging trait import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory trait Logging { private val log = LoggerFactory.getLogger( this.getClass ); def info( s: => String ) { if( log.isInfoEnabled ) log.info( s ); } def trace( s: => String ) { … } // etc. }
- 19. A better way • Now you can do.. class MyClass extends Logging { def myMethod() { … info( “Some message” ) } }
- 20. Functional composition • Consider collections… – Iterable[T] provides iteration – Seq[T] implies ordering and indexing – Vector[T] implements Seq[T] • map, filter, foreach implemented by Iterable[T] • … Seq adds indexOf, slice, sortBy… • … Vector re-implements for performance!
- 22. It will rock your world Given the following: case class Person( name: String, age: Int ) val people: List[ Person ] = … You can now do… val firstTen = people.take( 10 ) val onlyMinors = people.filter( _.age < 18 ) val nameSet = people.map( _.name ).toSet
- 23. … and then some That was just the tip of the iceberg. val sorted = people.sortBy( _.age ) val index = people.groupBy( _.name.head ) val pairs = people.sliding( 2, 2 ) val ( minors, adults ) = people.partition( _.age < 18 )
- 24. Maps • Maps are also collections • … and can be used as lookup functions val peopleById: Map[ Long, Person ] = … def getPeople( ids: List[ Long ] ) = ids map peopleById
- 25. Over and out • Thank you for your time! • Questions and comments welcome! – [email protected] – http://www.tomergabel.com