Presentation of Soumyaranjan Rout.pptx
- 1. Milky way and Solar System MILKY WAY & SOLAR SYSTEM Our home in the universe Name – Soumyaranjan Rout Roll number - GEOL23-006 Class – M.Sc. 1st year Dept. of Geology
- 2. CONTENTS • Introduction of galaxy. • Position of our galaxy. • Characteristic features of Milky Way. • Origin of Solar System. • Basic information about internal structure of Sun. • Classification of planets. • Differentiation of planets. • References. • Questions.
- 3. INTRODUCTION • There are billions billions of galaxies are present in the observable universe. • A Galaxy is a huge collection of gas, dust and billions of stars with their solar systems. • The first galaxies were identified in the in the 17th century by the French astronomer Charles Messier. • The Milky Way formed after Big Bang in 13.5 billions year ago.
- 4. • This is called the Virgo supercluster, containg over a hundred smaller groups and clusters of galaxies like Virgo Cluster,and the local group. • Cluster of galaxies consists of the largest objects in the universe that are held together by their own gravity.
- 5. • Local group contains more than fifty galaxies,many of which are tiny ,but some galaxies are large. • The largest galaxy is Andromeda and the 2nd largest galaxy is our Milky Way.
- 6. • It is 100,000 light years in diameter, it means light takes 100,000years to travel from one edge to other, whereas it is only 1,000 light years thick. 1,000 light years thick
- 7. • It’s simply a disk with several arms of different sizes, surrounded by a halo of stars with a dense bulge in the middle, most likely harboring a supermassive black hole at the center of it’s nucleus, just like other large galaxies. • Bulge is a central part of galaxy composed of stars, gas and dust. • Spiral arm is spiral a structure of galaxy consists of stars, planets, asteroids and hydrogen clouds and it also the production center of younger (pop-I)stars. • Halo is a spherical clouds of stars surrounding a galaxy and contains older population of stars.
- 8. • The older population-II stars can be found in the halo, from the time of galaxy’s formation, whereas most stars in the disk contains younger population-I stars formed after the galaxy had already begun to take it’s current shape. • Around 3-5 stars per year continue to form from all the interstellar gas and dust.
- 9. • The 15% of visible mass of the Milky Way is in the form of interstellar gas and dust, scattered between all the stars. • Some of the stars form grouping called open clusters, such as pleiades, which is a few hundred stars bound close together. • Beyond the stars in the disk, there are also several objects in the more distant orbits called Globular clusters. • These are dense, spherical collections of stars from thousand to millions in numbers. • These are always filled with population II (older) stars. Globular clusters
- 10. • After sometimes the existence of the Milky Way, a little less than 5 billion years ago, a cloud of gas and dust, full of heavy elements dispersed from the death of population-III & II stars and began to accrete to form a familiar set of objects which is our own Solar System.
- 11. THE SOLAR SYSTEM Jovian planets Terrestrial planets Asteroid belts
- 13. (Visible surface) (Thin layer of gas) (Thick layer of gas) (Fusion occurs) Both constitutes the atmosphere of Sun Temp – 5500°C Temp – 15M°C
- 14. INNER PLANETS OUTER PLANETS • Inner planets are also known as terrestrial planets. • There are 4 inner planets which are Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars. • These planets are less massive, more dense with low angular momentum. • They contains mostly rocky materials and some other metals. • These planets are also called as Jovian planets. • These are 4 planets in numbers are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. • They are larger in size, less dense with high angular momentum. • They are mostly gaseous and contains a vast atmosphere. • They have small metallic core. ASTEROID :- • An asteroid belt is present between the Mars and Jupiter in which Ceres is the largest asteroid. • Asteroids are also known as minor planets. • They are the rocky, metallic bodies with no atmosphere.
- 15. • Mercury is the first planet from the Sun. • Smallest planet in the Solar System. • Contains zero satellites. • 2nd dense planet after the Earth. • It has a dense iron core containing 80% of the interior. • Low magnetic field. • Travels very fast around the Sun. • Diameter =4,880 km • Rotational period = 58.65 days • Orbital period = 87.97days • Mean surface temp. = 179°C
- 16. • Venus is the 2nd planet from the Sun. • Identical to Earth in same size and mass. • Rotates in a reverse rotation from east to west. • Known as brightest planet in the Solar System. • It’s day is longer than it’s year. • Geologically active. • Dense atmosphere composed of Co2(97%) produces green house effect. • Diameter = 12,103 km • Zero satellites • Orbital period = 224.7 days • Rotational period = 243.0 days • Mean surface temp. = 472°C
- 17. Earth • Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun. • Largest and densest planet among the terrestrial planets. • Contains biosphere. • Only planet contains liquid water • Known as blue planet. • Geologically active. • Earths interior consists of Crust, Mantle and Core. • Atmosphere contains 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 0.9% Argon and 0.1% other gases. • Number of natural satellites is 1(Moon). • Diameter = 12,756 km • Rotational period = 23hrs 56min • Orbital period = 365.2 days • Mean surface temperature = 15°C
- 18. Mars • Mars is the 4th planet from the Sun. • Known as red planet of Solar System because lot of rocks contains iron, after exposed on the surface get oxidize and gives reddish appearance. • Low atmospheric pressure. • Largest volcano of Solar System Olympus Mons present in Mars. • Valles Marinares a large canyon also present. • Wind speed is 483 km/h for which it constantly erodes and reshapes the surface of the planet. • Diameter = 6,794 km • Rotational period = 26.62 hrs. • Orbital period = 687 days • Mean surface temp. = -63°C • No. of satellites = 2 (Phobos & Deimos)
- 19. Jupiter • Jupiter is the 5th planet from the Sun and the largest one. • Jupiter is almost twice the size of all the other planets combined. • It’s a totally gaseous planet with no solid surface. • Contains a giant red spot considered to be a gigantic hurricane which revolves around the planet. • Jupiter composed of He and H with other gas stresses. • Rotational period = 9.84 hrs. • Orbital period = 4333 days • No. of known satellites = (80 – 95) • Mean cloud temperature = (-121°C)
- 20. Saturn • Saturn is the 6th planet from the Sun. • 2nd largest planet in Solar System. • It is a multilayered globe of gas. • Density is less than water as we can say, it will float on water. • Contains 75% H 25% He with some stress of methane, ammonia and water. • No solid surface present. • Diameter = 120,536 km. • Rotational period = 10.25 days. • Orbital period = 29.46 years. • Mean cloud temp. = ( -125°C) • No. of satellites = (146 moons). • Titan is the largest one.
- 21. Uranus • Uranus is the 7th planet from the Sun. • Composed of frozen water, 83% Hydrogen, 15% Helium and 2% methane. • Presence of methane in the atmosphere gives it a blue-green color. • Wind blowing in opposite direction at the planet’s equator. • Rotates in a retrograde rotation around it’s orbit. • Diameter = 51,118 km • Rotational period = 17.3 hrs. • Orbital period = 84 years • Mean cloud temp. = (-193°C) • No. Of satellites = 27moons
- 22. Neptune • Neptune is the 9th planet from the Sun. • Invisible to the naked eye. • Similar to Uranus in size, mass and composition. • Atmosphere is highly active. • Neptune’s blue color is the result of red light being absorbed by methane gas in the upper atmosphere. • It has the fastest wind in the Solar System of 2000 km/h. • Diameter = 49,492 km. • Rotational period = 15.8 hours • Orbital period = 165 years • Number of satellites = 13 • Mean cloud temp. = -193°C
- 23. REFERENCES :-: Web sites • https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way • www.seasky.org
- 24. A. Venus B. Jupiter C. Saturn D. Mars Answer:- Venus QUESTIONS 1. Which planet known as brightest planet in the Solar System? 2. The planet which contains most no. of satellites in our Solar System ? A. Neptune B. Saturn C. Jupiter D. Earth Answer:- Saturn 3. Which planet moves in a retrograde direction ? A. Jupiter B. Mars C. Earth D. Venus Answer:- Venus 4. Which one is the lightest planet in our Solar System ? A. Mercury B. Uranus C. Saturn D. Jupiter Answer:- Saturn 5. Which one is the 2nd largest planet in our Solar System ? A. Saturn B. Venus C. Earth D. Neptune Answer:- Saturn
- 25. T H A N K Y O U