Presentation on Hypoglycemia
- 2. Hello! I am Dr. Banaful Roy I am here to discuss with you about Hypoglycaemia. You can find me at FB.com/banaful 2
- 3. What is Hypoglycemia? Hypoglycemia refers to a low level of serum glucose. • “Mild”: Blood Glucose <4 mmol/L • “Moderate”: Blood Glucose <3 mmol/L • “Severe”: Very Low Blood Glucose (Unconscious state) 3
- 4. Why do we care about it? Because Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) can kill. 4
- 5. ❖ It most commonly happens when a person with diabetes has taken too much insulin. ❖ Lack of glucagon hormone. ❖ Skipping meals. What are the causes of Hypoglycemia? ❖ Exercise without proper food intake. ❖ Excessive alcohol consumption. ❖ Tumor of pancreas known as an Insulinoma. 5
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- 9. If Blood Glucose <4 mmol/L stabilize it by eating. For conscious patient: Oral glucose, sucrose or any sugar containing fluid. For unconscious patient: 1. IV 50% dextrose 25 – 50 ml or as much as possible until patient mental state recover. 2. If hypoglycemia is caused by long acting insulin continue 10% dextrose drip for 24 hr. – 48 hr. 3. Glucagon 1 mg IM, SC can be given to treat severe hypoglycemia if IV accesses difficult. 9
- 10. REACTIVE HYPOGLYCAEMIA Reactive hypoglycemia or postprandial hypoglycemia is a term describing recurrent episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia occurring within four hours after a high carbohydrate meal in people with and without diabetes. 10
- 11. Let’s discuss several kinds of Reactive Hypoglycemia Alimentary Hypoglycemia It occurs in about 15% of people who have had stomach surgery. Hormonal Hypoglycemia It occurs due to hormonal imbalance. H. Pylori Induced Gastritis Some reports suggest this bacteria may contribute to the occurrence of reactive hypoglycemia. 11 Congenital Enzyme Deficiencies Hereditary fructose intolerance, Galactosemia, and leucine sensitivity of childhood. Late Hypoglycemia Delay in early insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in initial exaggeration of hyperglycemia during a glucose tolerance test.
- 13. 1) Avoiding or limiting sugar intake 1) Exercising regularly 1) Eating a variety of foods 1) Choosing high-fiber foods Low-carbohydrate diet or frequent small meals is the first treatment of this condition. To relieve Reactive Hypoglycemia: 6) Avoiding eating meals or snacks composed entirely of carbohydrates 6) Consistently choosing longer lasting, complex carbohydrates to prevent rapid blood- sugar dips 13
- 14. ❖ Checking blood glucose levels. ❖ Eat regularly. ❖ Make sure you have eaten some carbohydrate-rich food before you do any exercise. How to prevent Hypoglycemia? ❖ Patient with diabetes type 1 should always carry a container of sugary fruit juice or a candy bar so that they are ready if symptoms are felt. ❖ Let people know if you are susceptible to attacks of 14
- 15. Thank You All