Presentation on structure,functions and classes

Oct 2, 2010Download as PPT, PDF2 likes811 views

1. Structures allow grouping of different data types under a single name and are user-defined types in C++. They contain data members and may have functions associated with them. 2. Unions are similar to structures but can hold only one data member at a time and share the same memory location for all members. 3. Classes are like structures but can contain data members and functions together. They are the basis for object-oriented programming in C++.

Arrays can be used to represent a group of data items that belong to the same type, such as int or float . If we want to represent a collection of data items of different types using a single name then we cannot use an array. The data type which we use is known as structure. Structure is user defined data type.

$struct struct_name { data_type member1; data_type member2; … … };$

//header files #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> //Structure declaration struct student { // data types & members int rollno; char name[20]; };

void main () { struct student S1; // Structure variable printf( “Input the name of student “ ); scanf( “%d” ,&S1.name); printf( “Input the Roll number of student “ ); scanf( “%d” ,&S1.rollno); printf( “name =%d“ S1.name); printf( “Roll number=%d“ S1.rollno); getch(); }

Input the name of student abc Input the Roll number of student 1 name = abc Roll number = 1

rollno name 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21

Unions are a concept borrowed from structures and therefore follow the same syntax as structures . There is a major difference between them in terms of storage . A union may contain many members of different types ,it can handle only one member at a time.

$union union_name { data_type member1; data_type member2; … … };$

//header files #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> //Union declaration union student { // data types & members int rollno; char name[20]; };

void main () { union student S1; // Union variable printf( “Input the name of student “ ); scanf( “%d” ,&S1.name); printf( “Input the Roll number of student “ ); scanf( “%d” ,&S1.rollno); printf( “name =%d“ S1.name); printf( “Roll number=%d“ S1.rollno); getch(); }

name rollno 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Classes are same as structure but with a small difference ie. Structure are having data only(int or float) but classes are having data and functions together. The class has a mechanism to prevent direct access to its members ,which is the central idea of object-oriented programming. Classes are user defined data types. In short structure + functions = classes.

A class definition begin with the keyword class. The body of the class is contained with in the brace { }; Class Data Functions

class <name of class> { private: declaration of variables ; declaration of functions ; public: declaration of variables ; declaration of functions; };

// Header files #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class student // class declaration { private: int rollno; // data members char name[20]; public: void getdata(); // functions

// defining member function inside the class definition void display() { cout<< “Name=“ <<name<<endl; cout<< “Roll number=“ <<rollno<<endl; } };

// defining member functions outside the class definition void student :: getdata() { cout<< “Input the name of student” ; cin>>name; cout<< “Input the roll number” ; cin>>rollno; }

main() { cout<< “We are in main function “ ; student S1; // creat object S1 S1.getdata(); // call member function S1.display(); // call member function getch(); }

Input the name of student abc Input the roll number 1 Name = abc Roll number = 1

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Presentation on structure,functions and classes

2. Arrays can be used to represent a group of data items that belong to the same type, such as int or float . If we want to represent a collection of data items of different types using a single name then we cannot use an array. The data type which we use is known as structure. Structure is user defined data type.

3. struct struct_name { data_type member1; data_type member2; … … };

4. //header files #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> //Structure declaration struct student { // data types & members int rollno; char name[20]; };

5. void main () { struct student S1; // Structure variable printf( “Input the name of student “ ); scanf( “%d” ,&S1.name); printf( “Input the Roll number of student “ ); scanf( “%d” ,&S1.rollno); printf( “name =%d“ S1.name); printf( “Roll number=%d“ S1.rollno); getch(); }

6. Input the name of student abc Input the Roll number of student 1 name = abc Roll number = 1

7. rollno name 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21

8. Unions are a concept borrowed from structures and therefore follow the same syntax as structures . There is a major difference between them in terms of storage . A union may contain many members of different types ,it can handle only one member at a time.

9. union union_name { data_type member1; data_type member2; … … };

10. //header files #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> //Union declaration union student { // data types & members int rollno; char name[20]; };

11. void main () { union student S1; // Union variable printf( “Input the name of student “ ); scanf( “%d” ,&S1.name); printf( “Input the Roll number of student “ ); scanf( “%d” ,&S1.rollno); printf( “name =%d“ S1.name); printf( “Roll number=%d“ S1.rollno); getch(); }

12. Input the name of student abc Input the Roll number of student 1 name = abc Roll number = 1

13. name rollno 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

14. Classes are same as structure but with a small difference ie. Structure are having data only(int or float) but classes are having data and functions together. The class has a mechanism to prevent direct access to its members ,which is the central idea of object-oriented programming. Classes are user defined data types. In short structure + functions = classes.

15. A class definition begin with the keyword class. The body of the class is contained with in the brace { }; Class Data Functions

16. class <name of class> { private: declaration of variables ; declaration of functions ; public: declaration of variables ; declaration of functions; };

17. // Header files #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> class student // class declaration { private: int rollno; // data members char name[20]; public: void getdata(); // functions

18. // defining member function inside the class definition void display() { cout<< “Name=“ <<name<<endl; cout<< “Roll number=“ <<rollno<<endl; } };

19. // defining member functions outside the class definition void student :: getdata() { cout<< “Input the name of student” ; cin>>name; cout<< “Input the roll number” ; cin>>rollno; }

20. main() { cout<< “We are in main function “ ; student S1; // creat object S1 S1.getdata(); // call member function S1.display(); // call member function getch(); }

21. Input the name of student abc Input the roll number 1 Name = abc Roll number = 1

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Presentation on structure,functions and classes

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