Proactive Displays CSCW2008
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Online social media services enable people to share many aspects of their personal interests and passions with friends, acquaintances and strangers. We are investigating how the display of social media in a workplace context can improve relationships among collocated colleagues. We have designed, developed and deployed the Context, Content and Community Collage, which runs on large LCD touchscreen computers installed in eight locations throughout a research laboratory. This proactive display application senses nearby people via Bluetooth phones, and responds by incrementally adding photos associated with those people to an ambient collage shown on the screen. This paper describes the motivations, goals, design and impact of the system, highlighting the ways the system has increased interactions and improved personal relationships among coworkers at the deployment site. We also look at how the creation of a shared physical window into online media has affected the use of that media
![Outline The problem: isolation, un[der]appreciation, disengagement in the workplace A solution: connection, appreciation, engagement through proactive displays What’s a proactive display? An example: the Context, Content & Community (C3) Collage Evaluation Future plans / recent developments (Slides available online at http://www.slideshare.net/gumption ) Recommended tag: cscw2008](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/proactivedisplayscscw2008-1226511462967145-9/85/Proactive-Displays-CSCW2008-2-320.jpg)
![The Problem Employees feel un[der]appreciated #1 reason people leave jobs (US Labor Dept) 2/3 of workers receive no recognition (Gallup) Active disengagement costs US$300B / year Employees feel disconnected Lack of community in workplace Us vs. them Managers have less time, broader responsibilities Difficult to manage frequent, sustained “personal touch”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/proactivedisplayscscw2008-1226511462967145-9/85/Proactive-Displays-CSCW2008-3-320.jpg)
![A New Generation of Proactive Displays Goal: increase the sense of community in the workplace Method: open windows in shared physical spaces into the social media co-workers are creating Situated Social Software (SiSoSo) [vs. Mobile Social Software (MoSoSo)] Hypotheses Adding a physical dimension of audience will promote greater social media usage Social media sharing in the workplace will enhance personal relationships Enhanced personal relationships will lead to more productive professional relationships Challenges Privacy / benefit tradeoff (usability vs. security) Sustainable engagement (after novelty factor has worn off) How to measure the impact? (measuring community, relationships)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/proactivedisplayscscw2008-1226511462967145-9/85/Proactive-Displays-CSCW2008-16-320.jpg)
![Moderation: NSFW [ N ot S afe F or W ork]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/proactivedisplayscscw2008-1226511462967145-9/85/Proactive-Displays-CSCW2008-30-320.jpg)
![A few choice comments I was surprised by some of the photos taken by [a colleague]. I had no idea of his very diversified and, in some cases, adventurous interests, and his photos showed me a side of him I would have never realized. The photos also give you an appreciation of other people's interests and unique travels. I find the photos absolutely fascinating and a very strong method of bringing all of us closer. I[t] was nice to see people putting up "themes". One person had a Star Wars theme, actually happening just by tags, but appeared to me as if a themed series of photos. Somewhat negative: I was surprised to see a photo of my family (my husband and my two kids) with another female friend. They were all sprawled on the grass. It reminded me of a picnic we all had together. But it also made me self-conscious: what would other people think of seeing this scene. Who is the "mystery lady"? Positive: walking into the kitchen and spotting my daughter's happy face on the screen. It was a nice greeting! Positive: I am delighted to see other peoples pics of exotic places they visited. Negative: seeing a picture of a guy in his underwear. The face was not in the pics so I couldn't tell who it is. Somebody esle in the room "killed" the photo. Positive: seeing people cluster around displays. I like that!](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/proactivedisplayscscw2008-1226511462967145-9/85/Proactive-Displays-CSCW2008-38-320.jpg)
![Thanks! For more information: mccarthy AT strands DOT com http://interrelativity.com/joe http://gumption.typepad.com http://www.slideshare.net/gumption C3 Collage made possible by Interns Max Harper ( U. Minnesota ) Ben Congleton ( U. Michigan ) Jiang Bian ( Georgia Tech ) Context, Content & Community (C3) team All our friends and former colleagues at Nokia [Research Center [Palo Alto]]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/proactivedisplayscscw2008-1226511462967145-9/85/Proactive-Displays-CSCW2008-54-320.jpg)
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Proactive Displays CSCW2008
- 1. The Context, Content & Community (C3) Collage: Sharing Personal Digital Media in the Physical Workplace Joe McCarthy, Strands Labs Seattle Ben Congleton, University of Michigan Max Harper, University of Minnesota
- 2. Outline The problem: isolation, un[der]appreciation, disengagement in the workplace A solution: connection, appreciation, engagement through proactive displays What’s a proactive display? An example: the Context, Content & Community (C3) Collage Evaluation Future plans / recent developments (Slides available online at http://www.slideshare.net/gumption ) Recommended tag: cscw2008
- 3. The Problem Employees feel un[der]appreciated #1 reason people leave jobs (US Labor Dept) 2/3 of workers receive no recognition (Gallup) Active disengagement costs US$300B / year Employees feel disconnected Lack of community in workplace Us vs. them Managers have less time, broader responsibilities Difficult to manage frequent, sustained “personal touch”
- 4. Friendships at Work 30% of employees have a best friend at work (BF@W) 20% of employees dedicate time to building relationships at work Employees with a BF@W are 50% more satisfied with their company Employees with a BF@W are 7 times more likely to be engaged in their work
- 5. Maintaining Friendships through Social Media ambient intimacy “ being able to keep in touch with people with a level of regularity and intimacy that you wouldn’t usually have access to” Leisa Reichert http://www.disambiguity.com/ambient-intimacy/ http://www.slideshare.net/leisa/ambient-intimacy continuous partial friendship David Weinberger http://www.hyperorg.com/backissues/joho-may04-07.html
- 6. Friendships through Social Media @ Work? @
- 7. C3 Collage: social media on proactive displays @ work http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5rU9cAiYsY
- 8. Proactive Displays + Online Profiles Physical Tokens + Large Displays Better Real-world Interactions Bridging the gaps between people by bridging the gaps between the online and offline worlds = Large visual or aural displays that can sense & respond to the people and activities taking place in their vicinity
- 9. 1st Generation Proactive Displays MUSICFX MusicFX: An Arbiter of Group Preferences for Computer-Supported Cooperative Workouts Joseph F. McCarthy and Theodore Anagnost 1998 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW ‘98) A Multi-Agent System for Meting Out Influence in an Intelligent Environment M. V. Nagendra Prasad and Joseph F. McCarthy Eleventh Innovative Applications in Artificial Intelligence Conference (IAAI ‘99) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLgXLl4uGYk promoting awareness, appreciation and agreement on music in a fitness center
- 10. 2nd Generation Proactive Displays Visual Awareness Location Tools (ACTIVEMAP & EVENTMANAGER) ActiveMap: A Visualization Tool for Location Awareness to Support Informal Interactions Joseph F. McCarthy and Eric S. Meidel First International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing (HUC '99) EventManager: Support for the Peripheral Awareness of Events Joseph F. McCarthy and Theodore D. Anagnost. Second International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing (HUC 2000) promoting greater awareness of the location and activities of coworkers
- 11. 3rd Generation Proactive Displays UNICAST, OUTCAST, GROUPCAST: Ubiquitous Peripheral Displays UniCast, OutCast & GroupCast: Three Steps Toward Ubiquitous Peripheral Displays Joseph F. McCarthy, Tony J. Costa and Edy S. Liongosari Third International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2001) Promoting Awareness of Work Activities through Peripheral Displays Elaine M. Huang, Joe Tullio, Tony J. Costa and Joseph F. McCarthy 2002 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems (CHI 2002) promoting greater awareness of the interests of co-workers
- 12. 4th Generation Proactive Displays Augmenting the Social Space of an Academic Conference Joseph F. McCarthy, David W. McDonald, Suzanne Soroczak, David H. Nguyen and Al M. Rashid ACM 2004 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2004) Proactive Displays: Supporting Awareness in Fluid Social Environments David W. McDonald, Joseph F. McCarthy, Suzanne Soroczak, David H. Nguyen and Al M. Rashid ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interactions (TOCHI), Vol. 14, No. 4, January 2008 promoting awareness and interactions at a conference AUTOSPEAKERID, TICKET2TALK, NEIGHBORHOOD WINDOW
- 13. 4th Generation Proactive Displays (v 2) promoting awareness and interactions at a variety of events TICKET2TALK (@ Interrelativity)
- 14. 5th Generation Proactive Displays The Context, Content & Community Collage: Sharing Personal Digital Media in the Physical Workplace Joseph F. McCarthy, Ben Congleton, F. Maxwell Harper To appear: ACM 2008 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2008) promoting awareness and interactions in the office THE CONTEXT, CONTENT & COMMUNITY (C3) COLLAGE
- 15. The Latest Generation of Proactive Displays Shortcomings of previous efforts Special-purpose sensors (IR badges, RFID tags) Special-purpose profiles Special-purpose installations Goals of present / future efforts Multi-purpose sensors (BT mobiles … NFC) Multi-purpose profiles Multi-purpose installations
- 16. A New Generation of Proactive Displays Goal: increase the sense of community in the workplace Method: open windows in shared physical spaces into the social media co-workers are creating Situated Social Software (SiSoSo) [vs. Mobile Social Software (MoSoSo)] Hypotheses Adding a physical dimension of audience will promote greater social media usage Social media sharing in the workplace will enhance personal relationships Enhanced personal relationships will lead to more productive professional relationships Challenges Privacy / benefit tradeoff (usability vs. security) Sustainable engagement (after novelty factor has worn off) How to measure the impact? (measuring community, relationships)
- 17. Signup / Login
- 18. Select / Configure Module
- 22. Details Location / proximity detection Bluetooth sampling (MAC addresses, BT names) Location server (separate component) Priority queue management New / old, near / far, 70/30 Display management Firefox + Javascript Flickr module Ruby API Remote administration Process, power Modular, flexible framework Front-end (time / space sharing) Back-end
- 24. Flickr API
- 25. Interactions with / through the displays
- 26. Interactions with displays
- 27. The Highest Rated Content (5 up votes)
- 30. Moderation: NSFW [ N ot S afe F or W ork]
- 31. Moderation: SFW
- 36. Evaluation: interactions through displays Context 8 displays, deployed July 19, evaluated after 4 weeks 75 full-time / part-time residents 44 proactive display accounts (34 non-empty) Perpetual alpha (location sensing, new modules, new features) Hypotheses Adding a physical dimension of audience will promote greater social media usage Social media sharing in the workplace will enhance personal relationships Enhanced personal relationships will lead to more productive professional relationships Web-based Survey Mix of multiple choice and open text questions 32 responses
- 37. Positive / Negative Impact (Personal / Professional)
- 38. A few choice comments I was surprised by some of the photos taken by [a colleague]. I had no idea of his very diversified and, in some cases, adventurous interests, and his photos showed me a side of him I would have never realized. The photos also give you an appreciation of other people's interests and unique travels. I find the photos absolutely fascinating and a very strong method of bringing all of us closer. I[t] was nice to see people putting up "themes". One person had a Star Wars theme, actually happening just by tags, but appeared to me as if a themed series of photos. Somewhat negative: I was surprised to see a photo of my family (my husband and my two kids) with another female friend. They were all sprawled on the grass. It reminded me of a picnic we all had together. But it also made me self-conscious: what would other people think of seeing this scene. Who is the "mystery lady"? Positive: walking into the kitchen and spotting my daughter's happy face on the screen. It was a nice greeting! Positive: I am delighted to see other peoples pics of exotic places they visited. Negative: seeing a picture of a guy in his underwear. The face was not in the pics so I couldn't tell who it is. Somebody esle in the room "killed" the photo. Positive: seeing people cluster around displays. I like that!
- 39. Impact of Displays on Social Media
- 41. Types of non-interactions (missed opportunities) Interviews S2 enjoyed learning about people, places (“Americana photos”) and cultures (“Finnish people have pictures of snow ”) from the stream of photos. S3 experimented with constructing Flickr search terms in his C3C account to reflect different themes, e.g., snow , lamppost, summer cottage, and was disappointed that no one seemed to notice or comment .
- 42. Influence of Rank & Role
- 43. Influence of Team Membership
- 44. Influence of competition Wii Tournaments
- 45. Future Work: Algorithms Location / Proximity detection Near / far Proxemics Incorporating meta-data Folksonomy, Semiotics Priority queue management People, streams Recommender System Module management Space, time, displays
- 46. Future Work: Modules Other sources of content Other interaction modalities Other dimensions of experience
- 47. Future Work: Interfaces & Interactivity Interfaces Signup page Display interface Administrator interface Interactivity Authentication Phones Multi-touch Other?
- 48. Recent Work @ Strands Labs Seattle: CoCo
- 49. New pilot site: Trabant Coffee (Seattle) http://gumption.typepad.com/blog/2008/08/the-community-collage-at-trabant-a-proactive-display-in-a-cafe.html (Google “community collage”)
- 50. CoCo in situ : a proactive display in a café
- 51. Related Work: Research (1) Notification Collage (University of Calgary) Public display + desktop displays University research lab Greenberg & Rounding, CHI 2001 PlasmaPoster (FXPAL) Interactive community bulletin board Corporate, conference, café contexts Churchill, Nelson, et al. , C&T 2003, … BlueBoard (IBM Almaden) Shared display for collaboration Corporate meeting space Russell & Gossweiler, UbiComp 2001 CityWall (Helsinki IIT) Multi-touch screen in city center Flickr photos tagged with “helsinki” Interactions with, vs. through, display Peltonen, et al. , CHI 2008
- 52. Related Work: Research (2) Meme Tags (MIT) Wearable, interpersonal displays Academic sponsor meetings Opinionizer (Sussex) Shared display at social events Interaction through typed input Dynamo (Sussex) High school setting Interaction via USB disk AgentSalon (ATR) Interaction via PalmGuides (PDAs) Conversations mediated by animated agents Public and Situated Displays O’Hara, Perry, Churchill, Russell
- 53. Related Work: Research (3) Manhattan Story Mashup (Nokia) Urban game: web + phones + screen Times Square, New York Tuulos, et al. , Pervasive 2007 ProD Framework for Proactive Displays (U. Mich) Generic architecture for proactive displays Congleton, et al. , UIST 2008 Twitterspace (Indiana University) Large display in campus lounge Dynamic visualization of group “tweets” (Twitter) Hazlewood, et al., PDC 2008
- 54. Thanks! For more information: mccarthy AT strands DOT com http://interrelativity.com/joe http://gumption.typepad.com http://www.slideshare.net/gumption C3 Collage made possible by Interns Max Harper ( U. Minnesota ) Ben Congleton ( U. Michigan ) Jiang Bian ( Georgia Tech ) Context, Content & Community (C3) team All our friends and former colleagues at Nokia [Research Center [Palo Alto]]