Process of Building Construction
- 1. Process of Building Construction Presented By: Ayush N. Hajare (Diploma student, 2nd year, civil engineering)
- 2. Building construction • Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property. • Building a construction step involve in any type of construction is not an easy task. • For building construction requires lots of time and it is tedious work, yet it's result is permanent asset for us. • Care should be taken in building construction, before planning, building construction projects must consider important aspects like the purpose of construction, utility, financial proficiency, the demand of work, etc. @ayushhajare
- 3. Steps for pre- construction • To Acquire land or plot • To seek technical help • Prepare estimation and budgets • Permission from Authorities • Approach a builder @ayushhajare
- 4. 1.To Acquire land or plot • It is the first and most important step in building construction,search for the location for the building which is best suited for building construction purpose. • Be careful while selecting land which has all the desired facilities available nearby and should be free from all land related issues. • It is necessary that collect information before buying land or plot by help of real estate agents or by online methods. @ayushhajare
- 5. 2.To seek technical Help • After selecting land for building , take the help of a architect to create building designs and take advice. • Architect prepare plan as per building requirement, number of flats , shops based on your requirement and budgets. • Then after architect consult with structural engineer for details of the reinforcements to be used, how deep the foundation will be, size of gravel to be used, pillar width, etc. @ayushhajare
- 6. 3.Preparing Estimate and budget • Building Construction involves a huge amount of material and budget. After, planning and structural detailing completed these details are transferred to the building estimator. • The building estimator will estimate the material quantity, quantity of different items of work, and prepare an abstract sheet that shows the cost of building Construction. @ayushhajare
- 7. • If financial resources are limited, we need to seek pre- approving for loans in advance or else you may end up in a cash crunch situation.
- 8. 4.Permissions from Authorities • This is most important process after construction, we have to take permission from local municipal body before you could go for the construct. • There are some documents required to get permission . This document may differ from state to state, but some are important for every building construction work. @ayushhajare
- 9. • Following are the list of documents to get permission • Land survey: Survey of the land has to be carried out with the help of athorized land surveyor. • Soil test report of the land • Land documents • Architecture/ elevation/ sectional drawings • Structural reports • Architect certificate of undertaking on Record and certificate of the undertaking of Civil engineer on record. @ayushhajare
- 10. 5. Approach a builder • It is necessary to choose a good builder or contractor for the construction work. Because the quality of work and time required for it depends on the work of builder, hence invistigations must be done. • The details of the work must be cleared in the contract document. The contract document should cover layout, work details, payment method and time scale. • All the condition of contract must be checked before signing it. @ayushhajare
- 11. Steps during construction • Site preparation or leveling • Excavation and pcc • Foundation • Plinth beam and slab • Superstructure--Column • Brick masonry work • The lintel over door windows gaps • Floor slab or roof structure • Door window framing and fixations • Electrical and plumbing • Exterior finishing • Terrace and roof finishing • Internal finishing • Woodwork and fixture fittings
- 12. 1.Site preparation or leveling • The construction site must be cleaned before the work is executed. • This work involves the removal of roots of trees , debris and leveling ground area. @ayushhajare
- 13. 2. Excavation and PCC • The foundation of building ground is excavated with the help of excavating machines as per the building dimensions specified in drawings. • In this foundation trench, a layer of PCC ( plain cement concrete) is laid in dug portion before placing the reinforcements for the foundation. @ayushhajare
- 14. 3. Foundation • The building supported on foundation is the lowermost part of the building that it is contact with the soil. • A building is load transferred from the superstructure to the soil and needs to be extremely strong to handle the load. • After the PCC work foundation reinforcement work is started, the foundation bottom level must check before concreting it and the remaining space between the foundation is filled with earth. @ayushhajare
- 15. 4. Plinth beam and slab • After the foundation work is done ground beam form work preparation is started and poured with concrete. • Over the plinth beam , masonry work is started and space between foundation and plinth beam filled with soil. @ayushhajare
- 16. 5.Superstructure - Column • The superstructure is the portion above the plinth level of the building. • The main component of superstructure is a column and beam. • The columns are built up to slab level and the frame for further Construction is prepared. @ayushhajare
- 17. 6.Brick masonry work • As column and beam framework completed masonry work is started with different materials such as bricks, concrete blocks ,fly ash bricks, etc. according to building drawing. • Masonry work is done using a cement mortar mix,It is mixture of cement and sand. • As per drawing,gaps are laid for doors and windows during the masonry work. @ayushhajare
- 18. 7. The lintel over door Windows gaps • The lintel is constructed on the door and window to support the masonry work over it. • After this further masonry work is done. @ayushhajare
- 19. 8. Floor slab or roof structure • Then the formwork is started to construct slab resting on the column and beam. Over slab formwork, slab reinforcement is placed as per slab detailed drawing. @ayushhajare
- 20. 9. Door window framing and fixations • After that door window frames are fixed at their specified position given in drawing. @ayushhajare
- 21. 10. Electrical and plumbing • As we know that buildings are constructed with a clean finish in which electrical and plumbing work is not visible. • They are installed in the walls and slabs such that they are concealed and invisible after finishing work is done. • The point and pipe end left out such that they can be finished with electric fitting and plumbing fixtures. @ayushhajare
- 23. 11. Exterior finishing • Once this work is completed, external plastering and finishing work is started. • Waterproofing is also done to prevent rising dampness in the wall. • External cladding can also be done to enhance the elevation of the house. @ayushhajare
- 24. 12. Terrace and roof finishing • On top of the slab, waterproofing is done to prevent any leakage in slab. • Generally, terrazzo tilling is done to prevent the slab from a weathering effect. @ayushhajare
- 25. 13. Internal finishing • Internal walls are plaster with smooth finishing and flooring is done with tiles. Later on, the walls are painted or textured. @ayushhajare
- 26. 14. Woodwork and fixture fittings • It is last step is this process, almost construction work is completed and then after furniture work is started. • Paralley, electrical fitting, switchboard, and plumbing fittings are complete in the bathrooms and kitchen areas too. • The last step of building construction is interior decoration work in completing the building construction with proper furnishing and fabric used. @ayushhajare
- 27. Conclusion • Hence, these are the basic steps of building construction, which can be divided into pre construction steps and during construction steps. Each and every step has there own importance in the complete procedure. Hence, for a proper work done, all these steps should be followed in proper manner. @ayushhajare