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- 1. R Programming Introduction By Ms. Sonali Sonavane
- 2. What is R? • R is a popular programming language used for statistical computing and graphical presentation. • Its most common use is to analyze and visualize data.
- 3. Why Use R? • It is a great resource for data analysis, data visualization, data science and machine learning • It provides many statistical techniques (such as statistical tests, classification, clustering and data reduction) • It is easy to draw graphs in R, like pie charts, histograms, box plot, scatter plot etc • It works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux) • It is open-source and free • It has a large community support • It has many packages (libraries of functions) that can be used to solve different problems
- 4. How to Install R • To install R, go to https://cloud.r-project.org/ and download the latest version of R for Windows, Mac or Linux. • When you have downloaded and installed R, you can run R on your computer.
- 5. • Print Output – print("Hello World!") • Comment – Comments starts with a #. When executing code, R will ignore anything that starts with #. – no syntax in R for multiline comments • Creating Variables in R – To assign a value to a variable, use the <- sign.
- 6. Variable Names • A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume). • Rules for R variables are: A variable name must start with a letter and can be a combination of letters, digits, period(.) and underscore(_). If it starts with period(.), it cannot be followed by a digit. • A variable name cannot start with a number or underscore (_) • Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different variables) • Reserved words cannot be used as variables (TRUE, FALSE, NULL, if...)
- 7. Basic Data Types Basic data types in R can be divided into the following types: • numeric - (10.5, 55, 787) • integer - (1L, 55L, 100L, where the letter "L" declares this as an integer) • complex - (9 + 3i, where "i" is the imaginary part) • character (string) - ("k", "R is exciting", "FALSE", "11.5") • logical (boolean) - (TRUE or FALSE) • We can use the class() function to check the data type of a variable
- 8. Math Function • Addition • Subtraction • max(),min() • sqrt() • abs() • ceiling • floor
- 9. String Function • str<-”Hello” • If you want the line breaks to be inserted at the same position as in the code, use the cat() function • to find the number of characters in a string, use the nchar() function • Use the paste() function to merge/concatenate two strings
- 10. Taking input from user • readline() • Taking multiple inputs in R language is same as taking single input, just need to define multiple readline() for inputs. One can use braces for define multiple readline() inside it. • Syntax: var1 = readline(“Enter 1st number : “); var2 = readline(“Enter 2nd number : “); var3 = readline(“Enter 3rd number : “); or, { var1 = readline(“Enter 1st number : “); var2 = readline(“Enter 2nd number : “); var3 = readline(“Enter 3rd number : “); var4 = readline(“Enter 4th number : “); }