programmable logic array
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This document discusses programmable logic arrays (PLAs). It defines a PLA as a type of programmable logic device that can be used to implement combinational logic circuits. Specifically, a PLA has programmable AND gates linked to a set of programmable OR gates, allowing it to represent large numbers of logic functions. However, PLAs also have disadvantages in that they lack portability and do not provide full decoding of variables or generate all minterms. The document provides an example of logic functions F1 and F2 that could be implemented with a PLA.
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Structure
1. *Brain*: The insect brain is a complex structure that processes sensory information, controls behavior, and integrates information.
2. *Ventral nerve cord*: A chain of ganglia (nerve clusters) that runs along the insect's body, controlling movement and sensory processing.
3. *Peripheral nervous system*: Nerves that connect the central nervous system to sensory organs and muscles.
Functions
1. *Sensory processing*: Insects can detect and respond to various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
2. *Motor control*: The nervous system controls movement, including walking, flying, and feeding.
3. *Behavioral responThe *nervous system of insects* is a complex network of nerve cells (neurons) and supporting cells that process and transmit information. Here's an overview:
Structure
1. *Brain*: The insect brain is a complex structure that processes sensory information, controls behavior, and integrates information.
2. *Ventral nerve cord*: A chain of ganglia (nerve clusters) that runs along the insect's body, controlling movement and sensory processing.
3. *Peripheral nervous system*: Nerves that connect the central nervous system to sensory organs and muscles.
Functions
1. *Sensory processing*: Insects can detect and respond to various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
2. *Motor control*: The nervous system controls movement, including walking, flying, and feeding.
3. *Behavioral responses*: Insects can exhibit complex behaviors, such as mating, foraging, and social interactions.
Characteristics
1. *Decentralized*: Insect nervous systems have some autonomy in different body parts.
2. *Specialized*: Different parts of the nervous system are specialized for specific functions.
3. *Efficient*: Insect nervous systems are highly efficient, allowing for rapid processing and response to stimuli.
The insect nervous system is a remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation, enabling insects to thrive in diverse environments.
The insect nervous system is a remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation, enabling insects to thrive
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• Texas: 688 (+20)(62% of these cases are in Gaines County).
• New Mexico: 67 (+1 )(92.4% of the cases are from Eddy County)
• Oklahoma: 16 (+1)
• Kansas: 46 (32% of the cases are from Gray County)
HOSPITALIZATIONS: 97 (+2)
• Texas: 89 (+2) - This is 13.02% of all TX cases.
• New Mexico: 7 - This is 10.6% of all NM cases.
• Kansas: 1 - This is 2.7% of all KS cases.
DEATHS: 3
• Texas: 2 – This is 0.31% of all cases
• New Mexico: 1 – This is 1.54% of all cases
US NATIONAL CASE COUNT: 967 (Confirmed and suspected):
INTERNATIONAL SPREAD (As of 4/2/2025)
• Mexico – 865 (+58)
‒Chihuahua, Mexico: 844 (+58) cases, 3 hospitalizations, 1 fatality
• Canada: 1531 (+270) (This reflects Ontario's Outbreak, which began 11/24)
‒Ontario, Canada – 1243 (+223) cases, 84 hospitalizations.
• Europe: 6,814
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programmable logic array
- 1. NAME : CHAUDHARY SHIRAZ AZEEM PRESENTED TO : SIR SALEEM
- 3. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICE It is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits Unlike a logical gates which have fixed function a PLD has an undefined function at the time manufacture, before PLD can be used in a circuit it must be programmed that is reconfigured.
- 4. ROM PROM PLA PAL FPGAs
- 5. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC ARRAY It is kind of PLD used to implement combinational logic circuit. It has programmable AND gates which link to a set of programmable OR gates. This layout allows for a large numbers of logic function i.e sum of products and product of sum.
- 6. DISADVANTAGES OF (PLA) They are lack of portability. It does not provides full decoding of variables and does not generate all the minterms.
- 7. The decoder is replaced by an array of AND gates that can be programmed to generates any product. The product terms are then connected to OR gates to provides the sum for the given output
- 8. F1= AB` + AC +A`BC` F2= (AB + BC)`