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PROGRAMMI
NG AND
LANGUAGES
Dr. Kamal Gulati
Competencies
Describe the six steps of programming
Discuss design tools
Describe program testing
Describe CASE tools & object-oriented
software development
Explain the five generations of programming
languages
What Is a Program?
A problem-solving procedure
A list of instructions
Prewritten
Custom-written
Application software
System software
What is Programming?
Programming is software development
Six step procedure
1. Program specification
2. Program design
3. Program code
4. Program test
5. Program documentation
6. Program maintenance
Step 1
Program Specifications
Input and Output Plans
Step 2
Program Design
Plan a solution
Use structured programming techniques
Top-down program design
Pseudocode
Flowcharts
Logic structures
Top-Down Program Design
Pseudocode
An outline of the logic for your program
A summary of the program
Flowchart Symbols
Logic Structures
Sequence structure
Selection structure
Loop structure
Step 3
Program Code
Coding
The good program
Reliable
Well documented
Understandable to other
programmers
Structured programs best method
Step 4
Program Test
Debugging
Testing
Eliminating errors
Syntax errors
Logic errors
Testing processing
Step 5
Documentation
Written descriptions and procedures about a
program
Important for people who will use the program
Users
Operators
Programmers
Step 6
Program Maintenance
75% of total lifetime cost
Error-free operations
Effective program
Two categories
Operations
Changing needs
CASE Tools
Computer-aided software engineering
Automate development process
Designing
Coding
Testing activities
Object-Oriented Software
Development
Focuses less on procedures, more on relationship
between objects
OOP: Object-oriented programming
Object contains both the data and the processing
operations
Generations of Programming
Languages
Occurring in “generations”
Levels
Machine languages to natural languages
Lower level closer to machine language
Higher level closer to human-like language
Generations of Languages
1st -- Machine languages
2nd -- Assembly languages
3rd -- High level procedural languages
4th -- Problem-Oriented Languages
5th -- Natural Languages & Visual
programming
A Look to the Future
MI-Tech
Synapse Solutions has created a system called
MI-tech
Understands word order and meaning
Computer translates "wish list" into machine
language
Key Terms
application generator
(406)
assembly language (405)
beta testing (400)
code (396)
coding (396)
compiler (405)
computer-aided software
engineering (CASE)
tools (403)
debugging (399)
desk checking (399)
documentation (400)
DO UNTIL structure
(394)
DO WHILE structure
(394)
Key Terms
fifth generation language
(5GL) (407)
formatting language
(396)
fourth generation
language (4GL) (406)
generation (404)
higher level (404)
IFPS (interactive
financial planning
system) (406)
IF-THEN-ELSE
structure (393)
interpreter (406)
level (404)
logic error (399)
logic structure (393)
Key Terms
loop structure (393)
lower level (404)
machine language (405)
maintenance programmer
(402)
module (392)
natural language (407)
object (404)
object code (405)
objectives (390)
object-oriented
programming (OOP)
(404)
object-oriented software
development (404)
operator (401)
portable language (405)
presentation language
(396)
Key Terms
problem-oriented
language (406)
procedural language
(405)
program (388)
program analysis (389)
program coder (406)
program definition (389)
program design (391)
program documentation
(400)
program flowchart (393)
program maintenance
(402)
programmer (389)
programming (388)
programming language
(396)
Key Terms
program module (392)
program specification
(389)
pseudocode (393)
query language (406)
selection structure (393)
sequence structure (393)
software development
(388)
software engineer (389)
source code (405)
structured program (396)
structured programming
techniques (391)
syntax error (399)
third generation language
(3GL) (405)
Key Terms
top-down program
design (392)
user (401)
very high level language
(406)
visual programming
language (407)
FAQs
What is a program?
What is a software engineer?
What is the purpose of pseudocode?
What are the qualities of a good program?
What is the job of a maintenance programmer?
Why is it important?
What are CASE tools?
What is object-oriented programming?
Discussion Questions
Discuss the six steps to create a program.
Describe the differences between formatting and
programming languages. Give examples of each.
Explain the debugging process for a program.
Why is program documentation important?
Review the five generation levels of
programming languages.
Ad

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PROGRAMMING AND LANGUAGES

  • 2. Competencies Describe the six steps of programming Discuss design tools Describe program testing Describe CASE tools & object-oriented software development Explain the five generations of programming languages
  • 3. What Is a Program? A problem-solving procedure A list of instructions Prewritten Custom-written Application software System software
  • 4. What is Programming? Programming is software development Six step procedure 1. Program specification 2. Program design 3. Program code 4. Program test 5. Program documentation 6. Program maintenance
  • 7. Step 2 Program Design Plan a solution Use structured programming techniques Top-down program design Pseudocode Flowcharts Logic structures
  • 9. Pseudocode An outline of the logic for your program A summary of the program
  • 12. Step 3 Program Code Coding The good program Reliable Well documented Understandable to other programmers Structured programs best method
  • 13. Step 4 Program Test Debugging Testing Eliminating errors Syntax errors Logic errors Testing processing
  • 14. Step 5 Documentation Written descriptions and procedures about a program Important for people who will use the program Users Operators Programmers
  • 15. Step 6 Program Maintenance 75% of total lifetime cost Error-free operations Effective program Two categories Operations Changing needs
  • 16. CASE Tools Computer-aided software engineering Automate development process Designing Coding Testing activities
  • 17. Object-Oriented Software Development Focuses less on procedures, more on relationship between objects OOP: Object-oriented programming Object contains both the data and the processing operations
  • 18. Generations of Programming Languages Occurring in “generations” Levels Machine languages to natural languages Lower level closer to machine language Higher level closer to human-like language
  • 19. Generations of Languages 1st -- Machine languages 2nd -- Assembly languages 3rd -- High level procedural languages 4th -- Problem-Oriented Languages 5th -- Natural Languages & Visual programming
  • 20. A Look to the Future MI-Tech Synapse Solutions has created a system called MI-tech Understands word order and meaning Computer translates "wish list" into machine language
  • 21. Key Terms application generator (406) assembly language (405) beta testing (400) code (396) coding (396) compiler (405) computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools (403) debugging (399) desk checking (399) documentation (400) DO UNTIL structure (394) DO WHILE structure (394)
  • 22. Key Terms fifth generation language (5GL) (407) formatting language (396) fourth generation language (4GL) (406) generation (404) higher level (404) IFPS (interactive financial planning system) (406) IF-THEN-ELSE structure (393) interpreter (406) level (404) logic error (399) logic structure (393)
  • 23. Key Terms loop structure (393) lower level (404) machine language (405) maintenance programmer (402) module (392) natural language (407) object (404) object code (405) objectives (390) object-oriented programming (OOP) (404) object-oriented software development (404) operator (401) portable language (405) presentation language (396)
  • 24. Key Terms problem-oriented language (406) procedural language (405) program (388) program analysis (389) program coder (406) program definition (389) program design (391) program documentation (400) program flowchart (393) program maintenance (402) programmer (389) programming (388) programming language (396)
  • 25. Key Terms program module (392) program specification (389) pseudocode (393) query language (406) selection structure (393) sequence structure (393) software development (388) software engineer (389) source code (405) structured program (396) structured programming techniques (391) syntax error (399) third generation language (3GL) (405)
  • 26. Key Terms top-down program design (392) user (401) very high level language (406) visual programming language (407)
  • 27. FAQs What is a program? What is a software engineer? What is the purpose of pseudocode? What are the qualities of a good program? What is the job of a maintenance programmer? Why is it important? What are CASE tools? What is object-oriented programming?
  • 28. Discussion Questions Discuss the six steps to create a program. Describe the differences between formatting and programming languages. Give examples of each. Explain the debugging process for a program. Why is program documentation important? Review the five generation levels of programming languages.