Programming iOS in C#
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Video here: http://youtu.be/eeGvMkicAv4 Xamarin.iOS enables us to write native applications that take full advantage of iOS's large number of libraries - from the user interface to motion processing, graphics, audio, cameras, sensors, networking... This incredibly rich software platform runs all day long in the pockets of hundreds of millions of people. When you couple it to .NET, you have a programmer's dream environment. So let's learn to program iOS! In a little over an hour we will: • Browse through iOS's APIs to find interesting bits of functionality • Explore the architecture of UIKit - the user interface framework for iOS • Use Xamarin Studio to write and debug applications With this introduction you will have enough knowledge to write your first application that can use all the richness of iOS and all your favorite code written in .NET. Oh, and it will run on beautiful devices too.
![Objective-C Declaration
- (void)presentViewController:(UIViewController *)viewControllerToPresent
animated:(BOOL)flag
completion:(void (^)(void))completion
[self presentViewController:vc animated:YES completion:^{
// Do stuff after it’s been presented
}];](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/programmingiosinc-140305140610-phpapp02/85/Programming-iOS-in-C-19-320.jpg)
![UITableView.DataSource
public override UITableViewCell GetCell (UITableView tableView, NSIndexPath indexPath)
{
var cell = tableView.DequeueReusableCell (EpisodeTableViewCell.ReuseId)
as EpisodeTableViewCell;
if (cell == null) {
cell = new EpisodeTableViewCell ();
}
cell.Episode = Controller.episodes [indexPath.Row];
}
return cell;
When a cell goes offscreen, it is removed from the view hierarchy and
stored in a cache
When the table view needs a new cell to display, your code should take
from this cache](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/programmingiosinc-140305140610-phpapp02/85/Programming-iOS-in-C-64-320.jpg)
![UICollectionView.DataSource
collectionView.RegisterClassForCell (typeof(EpisodeCell), EpisodeCell.ReuseId);
public override UICollectionViewCell GetCell (UICollectionView collectionView,
NSIndexPath indexPath)
{
var cell = (EpisodeCell)collectionView.DequeueReusableCell (
EpisodeTableViewCell.ReuseId, indexPath)
cell.Episode = Controller.episodes [indexPath.Row];
}
return cell;](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/programmingiosinc-140305140610-phpapp02/85/Programming-iOS-in-C-65-320.jpg)
![Maps
View Controller Hierarchy
UINavigationController
MapViewController
View Hierarchy
UIWindow
UINavigationBar
UIButton
UISearchBar
UIButton
MKMapView
MKMapOverlay[]
UIToolbar
UIButton[]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/programmingiosinc-140305140610-phpapp02/85/Programming-iOS-in-C-69-320.jpg)
![Maps
View Controller Hierarchy
UINavigationController
MapViewController
View Hierarchy
UIWindow
UINavigationBar
UIButton
UISearchBar
UIButton
MKMapView
MKMapOverlay[]
UIToolbar
UIButton[]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/programmingiosinc-140305140610-phpapp02/85/Programming-iOS-in-C-70-320.jpg)
![Maps
class MapViewController : UIViewController
{
override void ViewDidLoad ()
{
base.ViewDidLoad ();
// Set our View to the interactive map
View = new MKMapView ();
// Set (top) navigation bar buttons
NavigationItem.LeftBarButtonItem =
new UIBarButtonItem (
UIImage.FromBundle ("Directions.png"),
HandleDirections);
}
}
// Set (bottom) toolbar buttons
ToolbarItems = new[] {
new UIBarButtonItem (
UIImage.FromBundle ("Location.png"),
HandleLocation);
};
Window.RootViewController =
new UINavigationController (
new MapViewController ());](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/programmingiosinc-140305140610-phpapp02/85/Programming-iOS-in-C-71-320.jpg)
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Programming iOS in C#
- 1. Programming iOS in C# Frank A. Krueger Seattle .NET Mobile March 4, 2014
- 2. AGENDA • Intro to iOS APIs • Intro to UIKit • Demo programming with Xamarin Studio
- 3. Frank @praeclarum http://praeclarum.org http://github.com/praeclarum • .NET developer since .NET 1.1 • First iOS app accepted to the App Store on Dec 11, 2008 • First apps written in Objective-C++
- 4. Frank
- 5. Frank • Started using MonoTouch (Xamarin.iOS) summer 2009 • First app released with iPad in May 2010
- 6. Frank
- 9. iOS APIs
- 10. iOS APIs Cocoa Touch UIKit, GameKit, MapKit, … Services Foundation, CoreLocation, CoreMotion, PassKit, JavaScriptCore, Multipeer Connectivity, … Media CoreGraphics, CoreAudio, CoreImage, CoreText, OpenGL, SpriteKit, … Core OS Accelerate, CoreBluetooth, ExternalAccessory, …
- 11. Cocoa Touch • UIKit to create the UI • iAd to get rich • GameKit to interface with Game Center • MapKit for interactive 2D and 3D maps • AddressBookUI to access Contacts • EventKitUI to access the Calendar • MessageUI to send email or messages
- 12. Media • CoreGraphics to render vector graphics onto bitmaps • ImageIO even supports raw images • CoreImage hardware accelerated image processing • CoreAnimation for high performance realtime rendering (basis for UIKit) • GLKit for all your 3D needs • SpriteKit is a 2D sprite game engine • AVFoundation, AssetsLibrary, AudioToolbox, AudioUnit, CoreAudio, CoreMIDI, CoreVideo, OpenAL, Media Player . Get the picture?
- 13. Services • Foundation provides a serializable data, collections, networking, data streams, strings (like the BCL) • CoreLocation provides location updates • CoreMotion provides orientation and activity tracking • Multipeer Connectivity easily create peer-to-peer and mesh networks • JavaScriptCore full JavaScript engine that you can embed in your app and even bridge to your object model • CoreData full ORM and data store that even works over iCloud • Social accesses OS-level social accounts to post messages • PassKit to add passes to the Passbook app
- 14. Core OS • Accelerate super fast and efficient image and matrix math library • Security provides safe places to put data • CoreBluetooth gives low level access to the Bluetooth hardware • Exter nalAccessory gives low level access to devices plugged into the device
- 15. iOS API Cocoa Touch UIKit, GameKit, MapKit, … Media CoreGraphics, CoreAudio, CoreImage, CoreText, OpenGL, SpriteKit, … https://developer.apple.com/library/ios Services Foundation, CoreLocation, CoreMotion, PassKit, JavaScriptCore, Multipeer Connectivity, … Core OS Accelerate, CoreBluetooth, ExternalAccessory, …
- 19. Objective-C Declaration - (void)presentViewController:(UIViewController *)viewControllerToPresent animated:(BOOL)flag completion:(void (^)(void))completion [self presentViewController:vc animated:YES completion:^{ // Do stuff after it’s been presented }];
- 20. Objective-C Declaration in C# Task PresentViewControllerAsync ( UIViewController viewControllerToPresent, bool animated) await PresentViewController (vc, true); // Do stuff after it’s been presented - (void)presentViewController:(UIViewController *)viewControllerToPresent animated:(BOOL)flag completion:(void (^)(void))completion
- 24. UIKit
- 26. Single Screen App UIApplication Created by OS Delegate UIApplicationDelegate Subclassed by your app Window UIWindow Created by you
- 28. UIViewController • The Controller in MVC responsible for - monitoring and coordinating user interactions - to view and edit model data
- 29. UIViewController is an MVC controller is an MVC controller Model VIEW CONTROLLER Cloud Data User Data Services Device Sensors Label Table Edit Box
- 30. UIViewController • A Screen of UI - on iPhone, takes up the majority of the screen - on iPad, can take up the whole screen or have children view controllers in a layout - designed to work with parent UINavigationController with navigation actions and toolbar actions - present or otherwise transitions to other view controllers
- 34. UIView • “Dumb” - should not interact with the Model directly • Responsible for drawing itself • Contains subviews to layout • Receives touch events, can be assigned gesture recognizers • Participates in the responder chain for user input (keyboard, pop-up menus)
- 35. UIViews • Output • Input • Big Scrolling Complicated Things • Custom
- 36. Output Views UILabel Displays rich-text UIImageView Displays images UIBezierPath Displays vector graphics UIActivityIndicatorVie w Animates a circle to indicate activity UIProgressView A linear progress bar
- 37. Input Views UIButton You know what it does UISwitch On/Off toggle UITextField Single-line text input UISegmentedContro l Modern radio buttons UIStepper Two-button action UISlider Discrete or continuous number selection
- 38. UIScrollView • Scroll and zoom subviews • Responsible for velocity scroll and bounce effects • Can also page through views • Scroll views within scroll views are supported • Basis for many full screen views
- 39. UITableView • Scroll view designed to display a long vertical list of cells • Used everywhere in iOS from login forms, status feeds, episode lists… • MonoTouch.Dialog simplifies the interface
- 40. UICollectionView • Versatile and efficient view to display large amount numbers of views arranged and sized in any fashion • Introduced in iOS 6, these are meant to replace UITableViews to create richer UIs • Pluggable layout engine with built-in flow layout • Advanced transition and physical animations built into iOS 7
- 41. UIWebView • Practically an entire web browser in a UIView • You can control its cookies and cache • You can execute JavaScript code against the DOM • You can feed it raw HTML or point it to a URL
- 42. UITextView • Multiline rich text editor
- 43. UIPickerView • UIDatePicker is a ready-to-use UIPickerView
- 44. Custom UIViews Composition through Subviews • Need to layout using auto layout constraints or old-fashioned rectangle setting
- 45. class MyView : UIView { public MyView () { AddSubviews (Time, Progress, Title, Author); } } Time.Frame = new RectangleF ( 20, 20, 300, 40); Progress.Frame = new RectangleF ( 20, 200, 300, 40); Title.Frame = new RectangleF ( 20, 300, 300, 80); Author.Frame = new RectangleF ( 20, 380, 300, 80);
- 46. EasyLayout https://gist.github.com/praeclarum/6225853 class MyView : UIView { public MyView () { AddSubviews (Time, Progress, Title, Author); this.ConstrainLayout (() => Time.Frame.Left == this.Frame.Left + 20 && Time.Frame.Right == this.Frame.Right - 20 && Time.Frame.Top == this.Frame.Top + 20 && Progress.Frame.GetMidX () == Time.Frame.GetMidX () && Progress.Frame.Top == Time.Frame.Bottom && Title.Frame.GetMidX () == this.Frame.GetMidX () && Title.Frame.Top == PlayPause.Frame.Bottom && Title.Frame.Width <= TitleMaxWidth && } } Author.Frame.GetMidX () == this.Frame.GetMidX () && Author.Frame.Top == Title.Frame.Bottom && Author.Frame.Width <= TitleMaxWidth);
- 47. Custom UIViews Custom Drawing public override void Draw (RectangleF rect) { var c = UIGraphics.GetCurrentContext (); var b = Bounds; c.SetLineWidth (1.0f); c.SetRGBStrokeColor (202/255.0f, 202/255.0f, 202/255.0f, 1); c.MoveTo (0, 0); c.AddLineToPoint (0, b.Height); c.StrokePath (); c.MoveTo (b.Width, 0); c.AddLineToPoint (b.Width, b.Height); c.StrokePath (); c.SetRGBStrokeColor (176/255.0f, 176/255.0f, 176/255.0f, 1); } c.MoveTo (0, b.Height); c.AddLineToPoint (b.Width, b.Height); c.StrokePath ();
- 48. UIGestureRecognizer • Easy recognition of single and multitouch events • Multiple recognizers can be added to a view • Can coordinate with other gesture recognizers
- 50. UIMyGestureRecognizer • Making your own is easy • Just Respond to these events: TouchesBegan TouchesMoved TouchesEnded TouchesCancelled
- 51. UIViewController • To implement a screen of your app, inherit from UIViewController • But there are built-in view controllers
- 52. UINavigationController • Maintains a stack of UIViewController like a web browser • Provides a navigation bar and a toolbar for actions • Fundamental controller for iPhone UI • UIViewControllers are designed to work well within a UINavigationController
- 53. UITabBarController • Up to 5 discrete view controllers accessible by buttons at the bottom of the screen • Often these view controllers are UINavigationControllers
- 54. UISplitViewController • Only available on iPad • Must be the window’s RootViewController • Provides automatic handling of master-detail type UIs
- 55. UIPageViewController • Built-in page turn effect
- 57. UIPopoverController • Not a UIViewController, not a UIView, but works with them • Only works on the iPad (crash on iPhone)
- 58. Reacting to events UIViewController View UIView Subviews Model Service Service Events Events UILabel UIButton … User Events User Events
- 59. Many event sources • .NET events • Overridable methods • Async tasks • NSNotificationCenter • Responder Chain • Delegate objects
- 60. Delegate objects • Instead of many events that can be subscribed to by many different objects, • Events are overridable methods on an object that get called as if they were events • Can also be used to pass data back to the calling object
- 61. Delegate objects UISplitViewController splitVC = …; splitVC.Delegate = new SplitDelegate (); class SplitDelegate : UISplitViewControllerDelegate { public override bool ShouldHideViewController (UISplitViewController svc, UIViewController viewController, UIInterfaceOrientation inOrientation) { return true; } public override void WillHideViewController (UISplitViewController svc, UIViewController aViewController, UIBarButtonItem barButtonItem, UIPopoverController pc) { } } public override void WillShowViewController (UISplitViewController svc, UIViewController aViewController, UIBarButtonItem button) { }
- 62. Reusable Views In order to be fast and lean, views with potentially many subviews recycle offscreen views (Virtual list mode in WinForms)
- 63. Reusable Views Usually these views have a DataSource property that is responsible for creating and data binding reusable subviews
- 64. UITableView.DataSource public override UITableViewCell GetCell (UITableView tableView, NSIndexPath indexPath) { var cell = tableView.DequeueReusableCell (EpisodeTableViewCell.ReuseId) as EpisodeTableViewCell; if (cell == null) { cell = new EpisodeTableViewCell (); } cell.Episode = Controller.episodes [indexPath.Row]; } return cell; When a cell goes offscreen, it is removed from the view hierarchy and stored in a cache When the table view needs a new cell to display, your code should take from this cache
- 65. UICollectionView.DataSource collectionView.RegisterClassForCell (typeof(EpisodeCell), EpisodeCell.ReuseId); public override UICollectionViewCell GetCell (UICollectionView collectionView, NSIndexPath indexPath) { var cell = (EpisodeCell)collectionView.DequeueReusableCell ( EpisodeTableViewCell.ReuseId, indexPath) cell.Episode = Controller.episodes [indexPath.Row]; } return cell;
- 67. Theming • Theming is supported at the OS level • Meant to be set once • Appearance attributes can be set per class or per object
- 68. Theming UINavigationBar.Appearance.SetTitleVerticalPositionAdjustment (-1, UIBarMetrics.Default); UINavigationBar.Appearance.SetTitleVerticalPositionAdjustment (-4, UIBarMetrics.LandscapePhone); UINavigationBar.Appearance.SetTitleTextAttributes (new UITextAttributes { TextColor = BarTextColor, TextShadowColor = BarTextShadowColor, TextShadowOffset = BarTextShadowOffset, Font = UIFont.FromName (TitleFontName, BarTitleFontSize), } );
- 69. Maps View Controller Hierarchy UINavigationController MapViewController View Hierarchy UIWindow UINavigationBar UIButton UISearchBar UIButton MKMapView MKMapOverlay[] UIToolbar UIButton[]
- 70. Maps View Controller Hierarchy UINavigationController MapViewController View Hierarchy UIWindow UINavigationBar UIButton UISearchBar UIButton MKMapView MKMapOverlay[] UIToolbar UIButton[]
- 71. Maps class MapViewController : UIViewController { override void ViewDidLoad () { base.ViewDidLoad (); // Set our View to the interactive map View = new MKMapView (); // Set (top) navigation bar buttons NavigationItem.LeftBarButtonItem = new UIBarButtonItem ( UIImage.FromBundle ("Directions.png"), HandleDirections); } } // Set (bottom) toolbar buttons ToolbarItems = new[] { new UIBarButtonItem ( UIImage.FromBundle ("Location.png"), HandleLocation); }; Window.RootViewController = new UINavigationController ( new MapViewController ());
- 72. Demo