Providing Quality Mass Higher Education: the Egyptian Experience - Mostafa Radwan
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Egypt faces the challenge of expanding higher education to meet growing demand while ensuring quality. Its strategic plan includes increasing access through open/distance learning, quality assurance measures, developing technical/vocational education, and human resource training. Innovative approaches address massification at the national level through policies like qualification frameworks and geographical enrollment distribution, and at the institutional level through diversified funding, non-traditional programs, and continuing education. Egypt is at a crossroads and must evaluate policies to resolve unemployment through higher education opportunities and curb brain drain.
Providing Quality Mass Higher Education: the Egyptian Experience - Mostafa Radwan
- 1. PROVIDING QUALITY MASS HIGHER EDUCATION, THE EGYPTIAN EXPERIENCE MOSTAFA MOHSEN RADWAN, RASHA SAAD SHARAF & DOAA KHALIL IBRAHIM HE REFORM PROJECTS MANAGEMENT UNIT, MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION, EGYPT http://www.qaap.edu.eg/sc/
- 2. Overpopulation, A Problem or A Chance ? Egypt population: nearly 87 million. Large youth population in an ageing world: 39%(< 15 years). Further youth surge is projected to flow through to higher education from 2024. Expected demand for HE will continue to grow strongly. Gross enrolment rate is projected to increase from 30.7% in 2010/11 to 37.5.0% in 2021/22 (a more optimistic scenario projects a rise to 40%). 1.1 million participants will need to be accommodated at an average growth rate of 3% per year (73 300) over 15 years. Egypt is facing the challenge of the need to expand higher education enrolment, both for meeting the growing demand and also the contribution of higher education in nation economic development.
- 3. Strategic Plan for Higher Education Use of Information and Communication Technology Strategic Quality Assurance Plan for Higher Technical and Vocational Higher Education Education Human Resource Development National Center for Measurements and Assessment
- 4. Use of Information and Communication Technology Network Infrastructure National Centre for e-Learning Providing access to Developing non-traditional ways of scientific and academic learning at all levels; resources (EULC). under/postgraduate and continuing Establishing televised professional development. and video conference Enhancing the quality of student network in universities. learning, promoting wider access Digital libraries to university's courses, and improving teaching effectiveness. Automation of universities libraries. Union Catalogue for Universities Libraries. Overcrowded classrooms and lack of human resources was compensated with the provision of self-learning opportunities and web-based student centred learning opportunities.
- 5. Quality Assurance By the end of 2007, an independent National Authority for Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Education (NAQAAE) was established as an accrediting body for all Egyptian educational institutions. Over years 2007-2012, projects of Program of Continuous Improvement and Qualifying for Accreditation (PCIQA) are executed in governmental Egyptian HE institutes with the mission of reaching a self-activated institutional ability capable of carrying out continuous improvement, as well as achieving academic and institutional quality assurance with high competitive ability and qualifying for accreditation. Massification issues are addressed while faculties are developing their strategic plans and performing their continuous improvement fulfilling the institutional capacity and educational effectiveness criteria and standards for accreditation.
- 6. Strategic Plan for Higher Education....cont. HR Development Technical and Vocational HE Training centre within each Declining numbers of enrolments university. rather than massification. Staff training programs to Government's objective is to improve teaching skills to cope increase enrolment and shift with large cohorts of students, enrolment from theoretical academic and the use of open, distance fields towards this sector in an and e-learning. attempt to respond dynamically to both the local, regional and National Center for international labour market needs Measurements & Assessment (establishing integrated technology Scenarios for the admission clusters, industrial colleges, to HE. introducing new divisions, Specialized training specializations, programs and programs in measurements, courses as well as reforming old evaluation and building ones, and establishing quality questions banks. assurance units).
- 7. Innovative Approaches to address Massification On On the National the Institutions Strategic Policies Level Practice Level
- 8. On the National Strategic Policies Level • National Qualification Framework: A modern NQF is proposed, that recognizes all types of education and 1 training, formal or non-formal, as well as prior learning. • Geographical Distribution of Students in HE: Students placement using fully automated system based on the capacity of each HE institution and scores of 2 candidates, to contribute clearly in decreasing students’ migration within the country and reducing the alienation and family reunification. • Expansion in Private Higher Education: - The share of private higher education in Egypt has 3 increased from 14% in 2000 to 20.4% in 2010. - It is planned that the private HE is to reach 30% in 2022 from the overall enrolment in HE sector.
- 9. On the Institutions Practice Level • Funding and Diversifying funding Sources: establishing specialized centres to supply consultations and scientific 1 solutions, some institutions have undertaken activities of renting of their premises, running a bookshop and printing press. • Tuition Fees for Non-Conventional Programs • Non-Traditional Academic Programs in Foreign Languages 2 • Open Education Programs, Distance and Online Learning • New Programmes in Higher Education • Twinning Programs and Joint Degrees • Professional and Career Certificates: HE institutions provide 3 array of professional and career certificates at partial fees contributing to the revenues and financing of public universities. • Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning: Most of HE 4 institutions offer these programs that assist professionals along their careers for enhancing their knowledge and skills.
- 10. Egypt at the Cross Roads, and the Road Map - HE sector is considered - particularly after the revolution - as a major factor in development. - It is expected to provide HE opportunities that can contribute to resolving the problems of unemployment and changing economic map of Egypt. Evaluating and reconsidering public universities zero fees policy. Encouraging of institutional differentiation. Seeking creative ways of attracting young and brilliant staff members thus curbing the problem of brain drain. The introduction of a funding formula or mechanism takes into consideration individual institutions needs and performance. Supporting the development and implementation of the National Qualifications Framework.