PSYCHOANALYSIS THEORY BY SIGMUND FREUD

SIGMUND FREUD’S
PSYCHOANALYSIS
THEORY

 Sigmund Freud (1856 to 1939) was an
Austrian neurologist and the founding father of
Psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental
illness and also a theory which explains human
behavior.
 Freud believed that events in our childhood have a
great influence on our adult lives, shaping our
personality. For example, anxiety originating from
traumatic experiences in a person's past is hidden
from consciousness, and may cause problems
during adulthood.
 He believed that people could be cured by making
conscious their unconscious thoughts and
motivations, thus gaining "insight".

 The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release
repressed emotions and experiences, i.e. make
the unconscious conscious.
 Psychoanalysis is commonly used to treat
depression and anxiety disorders.
 It is only having a cathartic (i.e. healing)
experience can the person be helped and
"cured"

 Freud, while explaining the structure of the
human psyche or mind, divided it in two
different it in two different parts:
 First by arranging it into three layers as the
conscious the subconscious and the
unconscious
 Second by postulating three other components,
‘Id’, ‘Ego’, and ‘Superego’

 Freud used analogy of iceberg to describe the
three levels of mind.
 The upper layer or the
surface represents the
conscious mind,
the main bed as
subconscious or
preconscious, and the
bottom as unconscious.

 The conscious mind lies just above the surface
of the water like the tip of an iceberg and
occupies only one tenth of our total mental life.
 The ideas, thoughts and images that we are
aware of at any moment of our mental life lies
within this upper layer of our mind.

 Just beneath the conscious layer lies the
subconscious or preconscious mind.
 This middle portion of our mind stores all
types of information, experiences or knowledge
which have been gained or learned by an
individual through various types of
experiences or training

 Below the subconscious mind lies the
unconscious, the most important part of our
mind.
 It is related to the vast part of our mental life
which is hidden and usually inaccessible to the
conscious
 It contains all the repressed wishes, desires,
feelings, drives and motives.
 Cont..

 The causes and forms of abnormal behavior
and mental illness are also decided by what is
hidden in the unconscious mind and, therefore,
the task of the psychotherapist consists of a
search for the relevant in the unconscious and
bringing it up into the conscious.

 Freud later developed a more structural model
of mind comprised of Id, Ego and Super ego..

 The Id represents the animal in man and is seated
in the unconscious. It’s the source of mental energy
and of all instinctive energy of the individual.
 It operates according to the pleasure principle
 It is present at birth and has the qualities of a
spoiled child that is it must get what it wants,
when it wants it. In this way Id is quite selfish and
unethical. It knows no reality, follows no rules and
considers only the satisfaction of its own needs
and drives.


 Ego develops from the Id during infancy. The
Ego goal is to satisfy the demands of Id in a
socially acceptable way.
 It acts as an intermediate between three sets of
forces that is instinctive, irrational demands of
the Id, realities of the external world and the
ethical, moral demands of the super ego.
 In contrast to the Id the Ego follows the reality
principle as it operates in conscious and
unconscious mind.

 The Super Ego develops in early childhood and
is responsible for ensuring moral standards
being followed. The super ego operates on the
morality principles and motivates us to behave
in a socially responsible and acceptable manner

 If the modification of children remains below
the conscious level, then the teachers should
exercise caution or restrain in giving reasons of
such behavior because what they are serving in
the overt(out world what is seen) behavior of
the children have links with the subconscious
motivation. This has to be kept in mind while
rewarding or punishing the unusual behavior
of the children.

 Observation of children play activities is
important for studying their behavior.
Some psychologists make use of play
drawings, dreams and day dreams in the
treatment of children called as ‘Psycho-
analytic’ treatment
 Satisfactory outcomes of the normal
development of the children during early years
results into the development of normal
individuals who are productive, adaptable, co-
operative and dependable. This will be possible
only, if the teachers provide for the creative
activities to the children

PSYCHOANALYSIS THEORY BY SIGMUND FREUD

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PSYCHOANALYSIS THEORY BY SIGMUND FREUD