Psychotherapy for adolescents
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Psychotherapies for adolescents include cognitive behavioral therapy, expressive art therapy, reality therapy, career counseling therapy, family therapy, group therapy, and interpersonal therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps adolescents examine distorted thinking patterns and replace them with more adaptive thoughts to improve moods and behavior. Family therapy focuses on helping the family function in healthier ways. Group therapy uses peer interactions and group dynamics to increase understanding of mental health issues and improve social skills.
Psychotherapy for adolescents
- 1. Psychotherapies for Adolescents Muhammad Musawar Ali MPHIL, ICAP [email protected]
- 2. • Adolescence is the name given to the psychosocial life stage which starts around the time of puberty. • The time of onset and duration varies from one person to another commonly occur between 12- 18 years. • It is difficult period of considerable physical and mental changes. • Adolescents requires special understanding and social, psychological and health care.
- 4. • The body appearance affecting self- esteem and confidence. • Adolescence is a critical period in the human life. It affects people future habits and practice
- 5. • Establishing healthy habits at a young age is critical because changing poor eating patterns in adulthood can be difficult.
- 6. Adolescence Pattern • Early adolescence (11-14 years): –Puberty period. –Dominated by adjustment to physical and psychosexual changes and beginnings of psychological independence from parents. –Girls > Boys.
- 7. Middle adolescence (14-17 years): –Search for independence period. –Sexual relationships. –Intellectual knowledge and cognitive processes became quite sophisticated. –Experimental and risk-taking behavior is a feature.
- 8. • Late adolescence (17-20 years): –Maturity period. –Self-confidence with relationships –Successful rapport with parent. –Thought is more reality-based.
- 9. Problems • Harmones problems • Hormones affect your teenager not only physically but also emotionally • Emotions can lead to impulsive behavior, which can be harmful to your child as well as others • Substance Use and Abuse • Educational challenges
- 10. • Health problems • Eating disorders • Addiction to cyberspace • Aggression and violence • Psychological problems
- 11. Psychotherapy for Adolescents Different Types • Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) • Expressive art therapy • Reality therapy • Career counciling therapy • Family Therapy • Group Therapy • Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
- 12. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) • Helps improve a child's moods, anxiety, and behavior by examining confused or distorted patterns of thinking. CBT therapists teach person that thoughts cause feelings and moods which can influence behavior. During CBT, a person learns to identify harmful thought patterns.
- 13. Cont..... • CBT can be used to treat older adolescents who have chronic suicidal feelings/thoughts, engage in intentionally self-harmful behaviors, or have Borderline Personality Disorder. • CBT is directive, time-limited, structured, problem-focused, and goal-oriented. • Treatment typically ranges from 4 to 20 sessions, although treatment of comorbid conditions or severe symptoms can take longer.
- 14. Cont... • The therapist then helps the person replace this thinking with thoughts that result in more appropriate feelings and behaviors. Research shows that CBT can be effective in treating a variety of conditions, including depression and anxiety.
- 15.  Common CBT interventions include psychoeducation (helping the patient and parents understand the connection between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors), mood monitoring (keeping a mood diary, linking emotions to thoughts), pleasant activities (creating a list of activities that the patient enjoys and setting aside daily time to engage in them)
- 17. Family Therapy • focuses on helping the family function in more positive and constructive ways by exploring patterns of communication and providing support and education. Family therapy sessions can include the child or adolescent along with parents, siblings, and Grandparents
- 18. Group Therapy • is a form of psychotherapy where there are multiple patients led by one or more therapists. It uses the power of group dynamics and peer interactions to increase understanding of mental illness and/or improve social skills. There are many different types of group therapy (e.g. psychodynamic, social skills, substance abuse, multi-family, parent support, etc.).
- 19. Goals of group therapy are: • Help Individuals Identify Maladaptive Behavior • Help with Emotional Difficulties through Feedback • Offer a Supportive Environment
- 20. Cont.... The purpose is to teach group participant how to deal with a potential thread (catching the flu), developmental life events (growing older) or immediate life crisis (death of love one) Mostly used in educational setting but frequently used in hospital, mental health center, or social service agencies
- 21. Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) • is a brief treatment specifically developed and tested for depression, but also used to treat a variety of other clinical conditions. IPT therapists focus on how interpersonal events affect an individual's emotional state. Individual difficulties are framed in interpersonal terms, and then problematic relationships are addressed.
- 22. • IPT aims to improve communication and problem-solving skills to increase interpersonal effectiveness and relationship satisfaction in adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years). From a developmental psychopathology perspective, focus on interpersonal relationships is paramount during adolescence
- 23. Behavioral therapy • Behavioral therapy is a treatment that helps change potentially self-destructing behaviors. It is also called behavioral modification . As its name suggests, behavioral therapy is focused on human behaviour and looks to eradicate unwanted or maladaptive behaviour.
- 24. • Help the client to make adjustment to life circumstances and achieve personal and professional objectives. • Modifying or eliminating the maladaptive behaviors and helping them to acquire healthy, constructive ways of acting. • Unproductive should be replaced with productive ways of responding. • Should be mutually agreed on goals.
- 25. Dialectical behavior therapy • DBT was developed by Linehan in the early 1990s. It is based on her extensive clinical and research experience in treating chronically suicidal women. The approach was originally aimed at treating borderline personality disorder (BPD), of which chronic suicidality is a major feature.
- 26. Cont..... • Although experts have suggested that BPD can be meaningfully diagnosed in adolescents, historically, personality disorders were not diagnosed in persons younger than 18. Thus, DBT for adolescents (DBT-A) was targeted specifically at suicidality, as opposed to BPD
- 27. Cont... specific DBT-A programs may seek to identify adolescents with multiple problem behaviors (mood symptoms, self-harm, substance abuse, eating disorder, risky sexual behavior, high-risk activities, and problem behaviors such as stealing and lying) of which suicidality or parasuicidal and self-injurious behavior are prominent
- 28. Reality therapy GOALS OF REALITY THERAPY: 1. It help client to become psychologically strong and rational and make them Realize that they have choices in the ways they treat themselves and the others. 2. It help client clarify what they want in life?”vital for person to act resposibly 3. help clients to make realistic plans in order to achieve personal needs and wishes. 4. Aim to eliminate punishment and excuse from the clients life. The clients make excuse of being punished by worlds or by counselor if not completing a plan.
- 29. TECHNIQUES • Action oriented techniques. • Help the client realize that others don’t control them and they have a choice to respond freely towards the events and people. • avoid/eschew 7 deadly habits. 1. Criticizing 2. Blaming 3. Complaining 4. Threatening 5. Punishing
- 30. • Use of effective and active techniques of 1.Teaching 2.Employing humor 3.Role playing 4.Offering feedback 5.Formulating plans 6.Making contracts
- 31. 5.Reality therapy helps the client to make new plan if old one fails. 6. Focus on behavior and the present. Behavior is related with the feelings and physiology so positive change in behavior brings other positive changes. 7. Counselor and client should have a meaningful relationship that is based on understanding, acceptance, empathy and counselor’s faith in clients ability to change.