pulse ppt.pptx Types of pulse , characteristics of pulse , Alteration of pulse
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what is pulse ? Purpose physiology and Regulation of pulse Characteristics of pulse factors affecting pulse Sites of pulse Alteration of pulse for BSC Nursing 1st semester for Gnm Nursing 1st year Students . vitalsign
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pulse ppt.pptx Types of pulse , characteristics of pulse , Alteration of pulse
- 1. PULSE PRESENTED BY – SUSHREE SANGITA JENA M.SC(N) 1ST YEAR COLLEGE OF NURSING, BERHAMPUR
- 2. DEFINATION:- • The pulse is an alternative expansion ( rise ) and recoil ( fall) of an artery as the wave of blood is forced through it during the contraction of the left ventricle. • Each time the heart contracts to force blood into the aorta , the arterial walls in the vascular system must expand to accept the increase in pressure . The pressure wave causing this expansion is called the pulse . • By counting each pulsation of the arterial wall, we can determine pulse rate . • The normal rate is the resting adult is 60 to 100 per minute .
- 3. PURPOSE:- To check abnormalities in rate, rhythm and volume. To monitor any changes in in health status of the patient. To assess response of heart to cardiac medications, activity, blood volume and gas exchange. To check the peripheral circulation. To determine the number of heart rate beat per minute.
- 4. PHYSIOLOGY AND REGULATION OF PULSE:- Physiological Mechanisms of Pulse 1. Cardiac Cycle: The pulse is generated by the cardiac cycle, which consists of diastole (relaxation) and systole (contraction). 2. Heart Rate: The pulse rate is determined by the heart rate, which is regulated by the sinoatrial (SA) node.
- 5. 3. Stroke Volume: The pulse pressure is influenced by the stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat . 4. Vascular Resistance: The pulse pressure is also affected by vascular resistance, which is the opposition to blood flow in the blood vessels .
- 6. •Regulatory Mechanisms of Pulse 1. Autonomic Nervous System: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the pulse rate through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. 2. Baroreceptors: Baroreceptors in the walls of the blood vessels detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to the brain to regulate the pulse rate.
- 7. 3. Chemoreceptors: Chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata and in the walls of the aorta and carotid arteries detect changes in blood pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels and send signals to the brain to regulate the pulse rate. 4. Hormonal Regulation: Hormones such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thyroxine can also influence the pulse rate.
- 9. CHARACTERISTICS OF PULSE :- 1. Pulse rate :- It is measurement the heart rate at the of the number of times the heart beats per minute. 2. Pulse rhythm: It is the pattern of the beats & the intervals between the beats. Equal time elapses between beats of a normal Pulse is called pulse having a regular rhythm. •If the pulse has irregular rhythm. It is referred to as dyshythmia or arrhythmia.
- 10. •If dyshythmia is detected, the apical pulse is assessed and electrocardiogram (ECG) in necessary for further action. 3. Tension - The elasticity of the arterial wall reflects the expansibility. •A healthy , normal artery feels smooth , Soft and pliable.
- 11. •Elders often have inelastic arteries that feel twisted (tortuous) and irregular upon palpation. 4. Pulse volume:- Also called the Pulse strength or amplitude, refers to the force of blood with each beat .
- 12. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PULSE :- •AGE – As age increases , the pulse rate gradually decreases . •GENDER – After puberty the average male’s pulse rate is slightly lower than the female . •EXERCISE – The pulse rate usually increases with acitivity .
- 13. •POSITION CHANGE – When a person is sitting or standing . •HYPOVOLEMIA – Loss of blood from the vascular system normally increases pulse rate due to the adjustment of the heart rate to increase blood pressure as the body compensates for the lost blood volume .
- 14. •STRESS - Stress increases pulse rate as well as force of the heart beat in response to the sympathetic nervous stimulation . •PAIN – Pain increases the pulse rate . • FEVER – The pulse rate increases due to increased metabolic rate and in response to lowered blood pressure that results from peripheral vasodilation associated with elevated body temperature
- 15. •MEDICATION – Some medications decreases the pulse rate and others increase it . e.g – cardiotonics such as digitalis preparations decrease the heart rate, where as epinephrine increases it .
- 17. Sites Location 1. Radial Inner aspect of the wrist on thumb side. 2. Temporal Sites is superior (above)and lateral to (away from the midline) the eye and over the temporal bone.
- 18. 3. Carotid At the side of the trachea where the carotid artery runs between the trachea and the sternocleidomastoid muscle. 4. Apical Left side of the chest in the 4th , 5th or 6th intercostal space in the midclavicular
- 19. 5. Brachial Above the elbow and medially in the antecubital space. 6. Femoral Below inguinal ligament, midway between symphysis pubis and anterosuperior iliac spine. 7. Popliteal Medial or lateral to the popliteal fossa with knees slightly flexed.
- 20. 8. Posterior tibial On the medial surface of the ankle behind the medial malleolus. 9. Dorsalis pedis Along dorsum of foot between extensor tendons of great and first toe. 10. Ulnar pulse On the little finger side, outer aspect of the wrist.
- 21. ALTERATIONS IN PULSE:- •TACHYCARDIA- The normal rate in the resting adult is 60 to 100 per minute. A pulse rate is over 100 per minute is referred to be “tachycardia. •BRADYCARDIA- A pulse rate below 60 per minute in an adult is referred to be “bradycardia
- 22. •PULSE VOLUME – Also called the pulse strength or amplitude , refers to the force of blood with each beat . •Pulse amplitude can be seen on a scale –
- 23. Number Definition Description 0 Absent pulse No pulsation is felt despite extreme pressure 1+ Thready pulse Pulsation is not easily felt and slight pressure causes it to disappear
- 24. 2+ Weak pulse Stronger than a thready pulse , light pressure causes it to disappear 3+ Normal pulse Pulsation is easily felt , takes moderate pressure to cause it to disappear 4+ Bounding pulse The pulsation is strong and does not disappear with moderate pressure
- 25. •PULSE DEFICIT – Difference in the apical and radial pulse rate .
- 26. CONCLUSION:- •The pulse rate monitoring and notification system project aims to provide real-time monitoring of a person's pulse rate and alert individuals or caregivers in case of abnormal readings. Through continuous monitoring and immediate notifications, this system seeks to ensure timely intervention and care, potentially saving lives .
- 27. SUMMARY:- •At the end of topic we have learned about what is pulse, purpose of pulse , physiological and regulation of pulse , characteristics of pulse , Factor’s affecting pulse , sites of pulse , alternation of pulse .
- 28. BIBLIOGRAPHY:- Carol Taylor ; Fundamentals Of Nursing: The Art Science of Nursing Care, 5th Edition Harindarjeet Goyal ; Textbook of Nursing Foundations , 2nd Edition . Potter and perry’s ;Fundamentals of nursing . 3rd Edition .