Python 3.x File Object Manipulation Cheatsheet

Mar 29, 20185 likes1,058 views

Most commonly used commands and functions that are used for reading and writing text files in Python 3.x. Therefore, these commands are used for manipulating file objects.

Reading files
● To open a file and read: f = open('name-of-the-file.txt', 'r')
● To open a file and write: f = open('name-of-the-file.txt', 'w')
● To open a file and append(this is done to avoid overwriting of a file and include extra chunk of text to
the file which has already been created): f = open('name-of-the-file.txt', 'a')
● To open a file and read and write: f = open('name-of-the-file.txt', 'r+')
● Prints the name of the file: print(f.name)
● Prints the mode if file is read or write mode: print(f.mode)
● Prints the file contents in the python interpreter or terminal/cmd: print(f.read)
● Reads the first line. Will read second line if this method is called again:
f_contents = f.readline()
print(f_contents)
● Reads each line of the .txt file and stores it in a list variable:
f_contents = f.readlines()
print(f_contents)
● Download the files: mbox.txt and mbox-short.txt for practice from: www.py4e.com/code3/mbox.txt
and www.py4e.com/code3/mbox-short.txt
● To read each lines of the whole file in traditional way:
fname = input('Enter the file name: ')
try:
fhand = open(fname, 'r')
# Reads each line in the file
count = 0
for line in fhand:
# end = '' removes extra line
print(line, end='')
count = count + 1
fhand.close()
except FileNotFoundError:
print('File: ' + fname + ' cannot be opened.')
# Terminates the program
exit()
print('There were', count, 'subject lines in', fname)
● To read a line which starts with string 'From:':
for line in fhand:
if line.startswith('From:'):
print(line, end='')
2

● To read the whole file:
fname = input('Enter the file name: ')
try:
fhand = open(fname, 'r')
text = fhand.read()
fhand.close()
except FileNotFoundError:
print('File cannot be opened:', fname)
exit()
print(text)
● To read each line of the file and the line starting from 'From:' using context manager:
fname = input('Enter the file name: ')
try:
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
for line in f:
if line.startswith('From:'):
print(line, end='')
except FileNotFoundError:
print('File cannot be opened:', fname)
exit()
● To read whole file using context manager:
fname = input('Enter the file name: ')
try:
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
text = f.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
print('File cannot be opened:', fname)
exit()
print(text)
● To read specified number of characters from the file:
fname = input('Enter the file name: ')
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
size_to_read = 10
f_contents = f.read(size_to_read)
# Infinite loop for testing
3

while len(f_contents) > 0:
# To identify if we are looping through 10
# characters at a time use end='*'
print(f_contents, end='*')
Write to files
● To make a new file and write to it:
fout = open('out.txt', 'w')
line1 = "This here's the wattle, n"
fout.write(line1)
line2 = 'the emblem of our land.n'
fout.write(line2)
● To make a copy of the file:
fname = input('Enter the file name: ')
with open(fname, 'r') as rf:
with open(fname[:-4] + '_copy.txt', 'w') as wf:
for line in rf:
wf.write(line)
● To add content to an already written file such that overwriting doesn’t occur by going append mode
from write mode:
oceans = ["Pacific", "Atlantic", "Indian", "Southern", "Arctic"]
with open("oceans.txt", "w") as f:
for ocean in oceans:
print(ocean, file=f)
with open("oceans.txt", "a") as f:
print(23*"=", file=f)
print("These are the 5 oceans.", file=f)
● To make a copy of other files such as .jpeg and .pdf, read binary and write binary mode has to be
enabled:
with open('file-of-your-choice.jpg', 'rb') as rf:
with open('file-of-your-choice_copy.jpg', 'wb') as wf:
for line in rf:
wf.write(line)
4

References
YouTube. 2018. Python Tutorial: File Objects - Reading and Writing to Files - YouTube. [ONLINE]
Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uh2ebFW8OYM. [Accessed 28 March 2018].
YouTube. 2018. Text Files in Python || Python Tutorial || Learn Python Programming - YouTube.
[ONLINE] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mX0uPQFLDU. [Accessed 28 March
2018].
Severance, C., 2016. Python for Everybody. Final ed. New York, USA: Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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Exploring Substances: Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Welcome to the fascinating world of acids and bases! Join siblings Ashwin and Keerthi as they explore the colorful world of substances at their school's National Science Day fair. Their adventure begins with a mysterious white paper that reveals hidden messages when sprayed with a special liquid. In this presentation, we'll discover how different substances can be classified as acidic, basic, or neutral. We'll explore natural indicators like litmus, red rose extract, and turmeric that help us identify these substances through color changes. We'll also learn about neutralization reactions and their applications in our daily lives. by sandeep swamy

To study the nervous system of insect.pptxArshad Shaikh

The *nervous system of insects* is a complex network of nerve cells (neurons) and supporting cells that process and transmit information. Here's an overview: Structure 1. *Brain*: The insect brain is a complex structure that processes sensory information, controls behavior, and integrates information. 2. *Ventral nerve cord*: A chain of ganglia (nerve clusters) that runs along the insect's body, controlling movement and sensory processing. 3. *Peripheral nervous system*: Nerves that connect the central nervous system to sensory organs and muscles. Functions 1. *Sensory processing*: Insects can detect and respond to various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. 2. *Motor control*: The nervous system controls movement, including walking, flying, and feeding. 3. *Behavioral responThe *nervous system of insects* is a complex network of nerve cells (neurons) and supporting cells that process and transmit information. Here's an overview: Structure 1. *Brain*: The insect brain is a complex structure that processes sensory information, controls behavior, and integrates information. 2. *Ventral nerve cord*: A chain of ganglia (nerve clusters) that runs along the insect's body, controlling movement and sensory processing. 3. *Peripheral nervous system*: Nerves that connect the central nervous system to sensory organs and muscles. Functions 1. *Sensory processing*: Insects can detect and respond to various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. 2. *Motor control*: The nervous system controls movement, including walking, flying, and feeding. 3. *Behavioral responses*: Insects can exhibit complex behaviors, such as mating, foraging, and social interactions. Characteristics 1. *Decentralized*: Insect nervous systems have some autonomy in different body parts. 2. *Specialized*: Different parts of the nervous system are specialized for specific functions. 3. *Efficient*: Insect nervous systems are highly efficient, allowing for rapid processing and response to stimuli. The insect nervous system is a remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation, enabling insects to thrive in diverse environments. The insect nervous system is a remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation, enabling insects to thrive

Geography Sem II Unit 1C Correlation of Geography with other school subjectsProfDrShaikhImran

Biophysics Chapter 3 Methods of Studying Macromolecules.pdfPKLI-Institute of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Lahore , Pakistan.

This chapter provides an in-depth overview of the viscosity of macromolecules, an essential concept in biophysics and medical sciences, especially in understanding fluid behavior like blood flow in the human body. Key concepts covered include: ✅ Definition and Types of Viscosity: Dynamic vs. Kinematic viscosity, cohesion, and adhesion. ⚙️ Methods of Measuring Viscosity: Rotary Viscometer Vibrational Viscometer Falling Object Method Capillary Viscometer 🌡️ Factors Affecting Viscosity: Temperature, composition, flow rate. 🩺 Clinical Relevance: Impact of blood viscosity in cardiovascular health. 🌊 Fluid Dynamics: Laminar vs. turbulent flow, Reynolds number. 🔬 Extension Techniques: Chromatography (adsorption, partition, TLC, etc.) Electrophoresis (protein/DNA separation) Sedimentation and Centrifugation methods.

Operations Management (Dr. Abdulfatah Salem).pdfArab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport

Odoo Inventory Rules and Routes v17 - Odoo SlidesCeline George

apa-style-referencing-visual-guide-2025.pdfIshika Ghosh

Title: A Quick and Illustrated Guide to APA Style Referencing (7th Edition) This visual and beginner-friendly guide simplifies the APA referencing style (7th edition) for academic writing. Designed especially for commerce students and research beginners, it includes: ✅ Real examples from original research papers ✅ Color-coded diagrams for clarity ✅ Key rules for in-text citation and reference list formatting ✅ Free citation tools like Mendeley & Zotero explained Whether you're writing a college assignment, dissertation, or academic article, this guide will help you cite your sources correctly, confidently, and consistent. Created by: Prof. Ishika Ghosh, Faculty. 📩 For queries or feedback: [email protected]

2541William_McCollough_DigitalDetox.docxcontactwilliamm2546

New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxmilanasargsyan5

How to Customize Your Financial Reports & Tax Reports With Odoo 17 AccountingCeline George

GDGLSPGCOER - Git and GitHub Workshop.pptxazeenhodekar

Sinhala_Male_Names.pdf Sinhala_Male_Namekeshanf79

How to Manage Opening & Closing Controls in Odoo 17 POSCeline George

P-glycoprotein pamphlet: iteration 4 of 4 finalbs22n2s

UNIT 3 NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMEE. SOCIAL AND PREVENTIVE PHARMACYDR.PRISCILLA MARY J

YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles Outbreak Southwest US 5-3-2025.pptxYale School of Public Health - The Virtual Medical Operations Center (VMOC)

A measles outbreak originating in West Texas has been linked to confirmed cases in New Mexico, with additional cases reported in Oklahoma and Kansas. The current case count is 817 from Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Kansas. 97 individuals have required hospitalization, and 3 deaths, 2 children in Texas and one adult in New Mexico. These fatalities mark the first measles-related deaths in the United States since 2015 and the first pediatric measles death since 2003. The YSPH Virtual Medical Operations Center Briefs (VMOC) were created as a service-learning project by faculty and graduate students at the Yale School of Public Health in response to the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. Each year, the VMOC Briefs are produced by students enrolled in Environmental Health Science Course 581 - Public Health Emergencies: Disaster Planning and Response. These briefs compile diverse information sources – including status reports, maps, news articles, and web content– into a single, easily digestible document that can be widely shared and used interactively. Key features of this report include: - Comprehensive Overview: Provides situation updates, maps, relevant news, and web resources. - Accessibility: Designed for easy reading, wide distribution, and interactive use. - Collaboration: The “unlocked" format enables other responders to share, copy, and adapt seamlessly. The students learn by doing, quickly discovering how and where to find critical information and presenting it in an easily understood manner. CURRENT CASE COUNT: 817 (As of 05/3/2025) • Texas: 688 (+20)(62% of these cases are in Gaines County). • New Mexico: 67 (+1 )(92.4% of the cases are from Eddy County) • Oklahoma: 16 (+1) • Kansas: 46 (32% of the cases are from Gray County) HOSPITALIZATIONS: 97 (+2) • Texas: 89 (+2) - This is 13.02% of all TX cases. • New Mexico: 7 - This is 10.6% of all NM cases. • Kansas: 1 - This is 2.7% of all KS cases. DEATHS: 3 • Texas: 2 – This is 0.31% of all cases • New Mexico: 1 – This is 1.54% of all cases US NATIONAL CASE COUNT: 967 (Confirmed and suspected): INTERNATIONAL SPREAD (As of 4/2/2025) • Mexico – 865 (+58) ‒Chihuahua, Mexico: 844 (+58) cases, 3 hospitalizations, 1 fatality • Canada: 1531 (+270) (This reflects Ontario's Outbreak, which began 11/24) ‒Ontario, Canada – 1243 (+223) cases, 84 hospitalizations. • Europe: 6,814

Unit 6_Introduction_Phishing_Password Cracking.pdfKanchanPatil34

Understanding P–N Junction Semiconductors: A Beginner’s GuideGS Virdi

Dive into the fundamentals of P–N junctions, the heart of every diode and semiconductor device. In this concise presentation, Dr. G.S. Virdi (Former Chief Scientist, CSIR-CEERI Pilani) covers: What Is a P–N Junction? Learn how P-type and N-type materials join to create a diode. Depletion Region & Biasing: See how forward and reverse bias shape the voltage–current behavior. V–I Characteristics: Understand the curve that defines diode operation. Real-World Uses: Discover common applications in rectifiers, signal clipping, and more. Ideal for electronics students, hobbyists, and engineers seeking a clear, practical introduction to P–N junction semiconductors.

How to manage Multiple Warehouses for multiple floors in odoo point of saleCeline George

LDMMIA Reiki Master Spring 2025 Mini UpdatesLDM Mia eStudios

Exploring-Substances-Acidic-Basic-and-Neutral.pdfSandeep Swamy

To study the nervous system of insect.pptxArshad Shaikh

Geography Sem II Unit 1C Correlation of Geography with other school subjectsProfDrShaikhImran

Biophysics Chapter 3 Methods of Studying Macromolecules.pdfPKLI-Institute of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Lahore , Pakistan.

Operations Management (Dr. Abdulfatah Salem).pdfArab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport

Odoo Inventory Rules and Routes v17 - Odoo SlidesCeline George

apa-style-referencing-visual-guide-2025.pdfIshika Ghosh

2541William_McCollough_DigitalDetox.docxcontactwilliamm2546

New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxmilanasargsyan5

How to Customize Your Financial Reports & Tax Reports With Odoo 17 AccountingCeline George

GDGLSPGCOER - Git and GitHub Workshop.pptxazeenhodekar

Sinhala_Male_Names.pdf Sinhala_Male_Namekeshanf79

How to Manage Opening & Closing Controls in Odoo 17 POSCeline George

P-glycoprotein pamphlet: iteration 4 of 4 finalbs22n2s

UNIT 3 NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMEE. SOCIAL AND PREVENTIVE PHARMACYDR.PRISCILLA MARY J

YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles Outbreak Southwest US 5-3-2025.pptxYale School of Public Health - The Virtual Medical Operations Center (VMOC)

Unit 6_Introduction_Phishing_Password Cracking.pdfKanchanPatil34

Understanding P–N Junction Semiconductors: A Beginner’s GuideGS Virdi

Python 3.x File Object Manipulation Cheatsheet

1. Python 3.x - File Objects Cheatsheet 1

2. Reading files ● To open a file and read: f = open('name-of-the-file.txt', 'r') ● To open a file and write: f = open('name-of-the-file.txt', 'w') ● To open a file and append(this is done to avoid overwriting of a file and include extra chunk of text to the file which has already been created): f = open('name-of-the-file.txt', 'a') ● To open a file and read and write: f = open('name-of-the-file.txt', 'r+') ● Prints the name of the file: print(f.name) ● Prints the mode if file is read or write mode: print(f.mode) ● Prints the file contents in the python interpreter or terminal/cmd: print(f.read) ● Reads the first line. Will read second line if this method is called again: f_contents = f.readline() print(f_contents) ● Reads each line of the .txt file and stores it in a list variable: f_contents = f.readlines() print(f_contents) ● Download the files: mbox.txt and mbox-short.txt for practice from: www.py4e.com/code3/mbox.txt and www.py4e.com/code3/mbox-short.txt ● To read each lines of the whole file in traditional way: fname = input('Enter the file name: ') try: fhand = open(fname, 'r') # Reads each line in the file count = 0 for line in fhand: # end = '' removes extra line print(line, end='') count = count + 1 fhand.close() except FileNotFoundError: print('File: ' + fname + ' cannot be opened.') # Terminates the program exit() print('There were', count, 'subject lines in', fname) ● To read a line which starts with string 'From:': for line in fhand: if line.startswith('From:'): print(line, end='') 2

3. ● To read the whole file: fname = input('Enter the file name: ') try: fhand = open(fname, 'r') text = fhand.read() fhand.close() except FileNotFoundError: print('File cannot be opened:', fname) exit() print(text) ● To read each line of the file and the line starting from 'From:' using context manager: fname = input('Enter the file name: ') try: with open(fname, 'r') as f: for line in f: if line.startswith('From:'): print(line, end='') except FileNotFoundError: print('File cannot be opened:', fname) exit() ● To read whole file using context manager: fname = input('Enter the file name: ') try: with open(fname, 'r') as f: text = f.read() except FileNotFoundError: print('File cannot be opened:', fname) exit() print(text) ● To read specified number of characters from the file: fname = input('Enter the file name: ') with open(fname, 'r') as f: size_to_read = 10 f_contents = f.read(size_to_read) # Infinite loop for testing 3

4. while len(f_contents) > 0: # To identify if we are looping through 10 # characters at a time use end='*' print(f_contents, end='*') Write to files ● To make a new file and write to it: fout = open('out.txt', 'w') line1 = "This here's the wattle, n" fout.write(line1) line2 = 'the emblem of our land.n' fout.write(line2) ● To make a copy of the file: fname = input('Enter the file name: ') with open(fname, 'r') as rf: with open(fname[:-4] + '_copy.txt', 'w') as wf: for line in rf: wf.write(line) ● To add content to an already written file such that overwriting doesn’t occur by going append mode from write mode: oceans = ["Pacific", "Atlantic", "Indian", "Southern", "Arctic"] with open("oceans.txt", "w") as f: for ocean in oceans: print(ocean, file=f) with open("oceans.txt", "a") as f: print(23*"=", file=f) print("These are the 5 oceans.", file=f) ● To make a copy of other files such as .jpeg and .pdf, read binary and write binary mode has to be enabled: with open('file-of-your-choice.jpg', 'rb') as rf: with open('file-of-your-choice_copy.jpg', 'wb') as wf: for line in rf: wf.write(line) 4

5. References YouTube. 2018. Python Tutorial: File Objects - Reading and Writing to Files - YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uh2ebFW8OYM. [Accessed 28 March 2018]. YouTube. 2018. Text Files in Python || Python Tutorial || Learn Python Programming - YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mX0uPQFLDU. [Accessed 28 March 2018]. Severance, C., 2016. Python for Everybody. Final ed. New York, USA: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. 5

Python 3.x File Object Manipulation Cheatsheet

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