1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the period, the learners shall have
been able to:
a.) identify the different parts of chapter 3;
b.) appreciate the importance of research design in
making a qualitative research through open
discussion; and
c.) choose a research design based on the given
research title.
3. 01
02
METHODOLOGY
This is the “recipe” for your research, so it should be
in depth!
Research Design
Research Setting
03 Research Participants
04 Research Instruments
05 Research Procedures
o Gathering of Data
oTreatment of Data
o Ethical Consideration
5. Phenomenology
This type of research attempts to
understand the lived experiences of a
group and/or how members of that
group find meaning in their
experiences. Researchers use
interviews, observation, and other
qualitative methods to collect data.
6. Ethnography
Ethnographies are an in-depth, holistic
type of research used to capture
cultural practices, beliefs, traditions,
and so on. Here, the researcher
observes and interviews members of a
culture—an ethnic group, a clique,
members of a religion, etc.—and then
analyzes their findings.
7. Narrative
Research
Focuses on understanding the stories
and experiences of individuals.
Researchers use interviews to collect
data from a small group of subjects,
then discuss those results in the form
of a narrative or story.
8. Case Study
Often used to share novel or unique
information, case studies consist of a
detailed, in-depth description of a
single subject, pilot project, specific
events, and so on.
10. Historical
Research
Historical studies concern the
identification, location, evaluation, and
synthesis of data from the past.
Historical research seeks not only to
discover the events of the past but to
relate these past happenings to the
present and to the future.
12. Research Setting/ Locale
The setting of the study.
Example:
The study will be conducted in the Philippines. The respondents will be
interviewed in their houses or any comfortable place that the respondents
will choose to. The researchers also gathered respondents residing in
USA. These respondents will be interviewed via video chat. The
researchers chose the place of implementation because it will give the
researchers the needed information for people with spina bifida. The
study will be conducted the first semester of the academic year 2016-
2017.
14. Research Paticipant/s
The participants are thos who participate in
answering the instruments used in the study. The
paricipants could also be the subjects of the study,
hence sometimes the subheading for this section is
the subject-participants. Also, an individuals who
voluntarily take part in a study, providing data or
insights to researchers through activities like
interviews, surveys, or observations, after giving
informed consent.
16. Research Intruments
A research instrument is a tool to
obtain, measure, and analyze data
from subjects around the research
topic. You need to decide the
instrument to use based on the type of
study you are conducting; it can be
Questionnaire, interview, observation,
or checklist.
17. Questionnaire
The most common instrument or tool
research for obtaining the data.
• Closed form- it has fixed number of
questions and a limited choice of
answer. The respondents should choose
one or more suitable answers.
• Open form- it consist a number of
questions. The answers are in the form
of essay and content may vary
depending on the participants.
18. Interview
It is a sense of an oral questionnaire,
instead of writing the response, the
interviewees gives the need information
orally and face to face.
Checklist
The simplest device, consist of a prepared
list of items. The presence or absence of
the item may ne indicated by inserting the
appropriate word or number.
19. Observation
Perceiving data through the senses; sight, hearing,
taste, smell, and touch.
Most direct way used in studying individual
behavior.
Scales
It is used to quantify qualitative aspects like
opinions, attitudes, or behaviors, allowing
researchers to assign numerical values to variables
for statistical analysis. Common examples include
Likert scales, which ask respondents to indicate
their level of agreement or disagreement with
statements.
21. Data Gathering Procedure
Data collection is defined as the
procedure of collecting, measuring
and analyzing accurate for research
using standard validated techniques.
In most cases, data collection is the
primary and most important step for
research, irrespective of the field of
research. The approach of data
collection is different fields of study,
depending on the required
information.
23. Ethical Consideration
This section involve principles guiding
research design and practice, ensuring
respect for participants' rights, dignity,
and safety, while upholding honesty,
accuracy, and integrity in data
reporting and analysis.
25. Definition of Terms
A section where researchers provide clear
and concise explanations of key concepts,
variables, and terminology used
throughout their study, ensuring readers
understand the specific meanings and
contexts of those terms.
Mini-dictionary in your study that
contains important
terminologies/concepts in your paper
that needs to be defined. It should be in
alphabetical order.
26. Types of Definitions
• Conceptual Definitions: Explain the
general or dictionary meaning of a
term.
• Operational Definitions: Define how
a term is used or measured within
the specific context of the research.
