Quantum computer
- 1. Quantum Computer “I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics” - Feynman
- 2. Overview Introduction and History Need for Quantum computers Working Principle Comparison withToday’s Computers Advantages and Applications Conclusion
- 3. What is a quantum computer? A quantum computer is a machine that performs calculations based on the laws of quantum mechanics, which is the behavior of particles at the sub-atomic level.
- 4. History 1982 - Feynman proposed the idea of creating machines based on the laws of quantum mechanics instead of the laws of classical physics. 1985 - David Deutsch developed the QuantumTuring Machine, showing that quantum circuits are universal. 1994 - Peter Shor came up with a quantum algorithm to factor very large numbers in polynomial time. 1997 - Lov Grover develops a quantum search algorithm with O(√N) complexity
- 5. Need for Quantum computers Moore’s Law : Moore’s law is the observation of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles about every two years . Transistor size will approach quantum dimensions in ~ 2025 . 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 104 105 106 107 108 109 number of transistors year
- 6. Qubit A qubit is short for quantum bit, which is the fundamental unit of quantum information. Qubit is used to represent the data in Quantum computers The data represented in terms of electron spin or polarity of the photon .
- 7. How to Manipulate the Qubit data? The Quantum gates are used to manipulate the Qubit states. The Qubit data can be read by measuring the Qubit’s Energy level . Generally computations starts with Initializing and ends with Measuring.
- 8. Quantum Superposition There is an equal probability that something is either in one state (1) or another (0).Thus, something is in both states, or between both states at the same time until observed. The Bloch’s sphere is used to represent the all possible superposition .
- 9. Quantum Entanglement When two particles share the same quantum state they are entangled.This means that two or more particles will share the same properties: for example, their spins are related. Even when removed from each other, these particles will continue to share the same properties.
- 10. Comparison with Classical Computers Today’s Computers Today's computers work by manipulating bits that exist in one of two states: a 0 or a 1. 1 and 0’s are carried and turned on by states of electrical current Quantum Computers Quantum computers aren't limited to two states like today’s computers.They encode information as quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in superposition. Superposition- quantum computers can represent both 0 and 1 as well as everything in between at the same time .
- 11. Advantages Where a classical computer would take 5 trillion years to factor a 5,000 digit number, a quantum computer could finish in 2 minutes. Quantum computation is more powerful than classical computation because more can be computed in less time!! Quantum Computing Holds Promise of Parallel Calculations.
- 12. Applications The quantum computers will revolutionize the drug discovery. We could fire up some AI agents on those quantum computers and make them create better instances of themselves Important Applications of Quantum Computing : Weather Forecasting Financial Modeling Molecular Modeling Cryptanalysis Particle Physics
- 14. Research Companies D-Wave - Founded in 1999, D-Wave Systems is the world's first quantum computing company and the leader in the development and delivery of quantum computing systems and software 1QB Information Technologies, Inc. - is a quantum computing software company, based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Cambridge Quantum Computing - is an independent company combining expertise in Quantum Information Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Optimisation.
- 15. Summary and References Classical computers reaching quantum scale - need alternative to transistor technology Quantum physics allows interesting but difficult alternative to computation Reference : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing/ https://fossbytes.com/what-exactly-is-quantum-computing/
- 16. Any Queries ???
- 17. ThankYou !!!