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Quantum Cryptography and its Applications
- 1. QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY PRESENTED BY NAME :- BISMAYA BALIARSINGH REGISTRATION NO. :- 2361020052 BRANCH :- MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS SECTION :- C1 GUIDED BY :- ASST. PROFESSOR ALOK KUMAR PATI
- 2. Contents Introduction Traditional vs Quantum Cryptography How Quantum Cryptography works Applications of Quantum Cryptography Advantages Disadvantages Future Scopes Conclusion Bibliography
- 3. What is Quantum Cryptography & it’s History❔ Quantum Cryptography is an effort to allow two users of common communication channel to create a body of shared and secret information. This information, which generally takes the form of a random string of bits, can then be used as a conventional secret key for secure communication. The Heisenberg Uncertainty principle and quantum entanglement can be exploited in as system of secure communication often referred to as “Quantum Cryptography”. Stephen Wiesner wrote “Conjugate Coding ” in the late sixties , then Charles H. Bennett and Gilles Brassard revived the field in 1982 by combining quantum process with public key cryptography.
- 5. Traditional vs Quantum Cryptography Traditional Traditional cryptography is heavily based on mathematical theory and computer science practice, cryptographic algorithms are designed around computational assumptions, making such algorithms hard to break in practice by any adversary. Quantum Cryptography Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks.
- 6. How Quantum Cryptography works ❔ Quantum cryptography takes advantage of the unique and unusual behavior of microscopic objects to enable users to securely develop secret keys as well as to detect eavesdropping. Quantum cryptography solves the problems of secret key cryptography by providing a way for two users who are in different locations to securely establish a secret key and to detect if eavesdropping has occurred. BB84 Protocol most commonly used QKD protocol.
- 7. Qubit and Quantum Physics 🤔 The most important unit of information in computer science is the bit. There are two possible values that can be stored by a bit: the bit is either equal to “0” or “1”. Quantum system with at least two states can serve as a qubit. For example, the spin of an Atom or the polarization of a light particle can represent the state of a qubit. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle: It is possible to encode information into quantum properties of a photon in such a way that any effort to monitor them disturbs them in some detectable way. Quantum Entanglement: The entangled particles can not be described by specifying the states of individual particles and they may together share information in a form which can not be accessed in any experiment performed on either of the particles alone.
- 8. Using Quantum Cryptography The foundation of quantum cryptography lies in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and Polarization of light. Basically quantum cryptography is combination of OTP and QKD. The most widely used PKC is the RSA(Rivest-shamir-Adleman) algorithm based on the difficulty of factoring a product of two large primes. Polarization of Photons
- 9. QKD & OTP Quantum Key Distribution QKD uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication and tell us all attempts of eavesdropping. QKD is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. It enables two parties to produce a shared random bit string known only to them, which can be used as a key for encryption and decryption. One Time Pad OTP is an encryption technique that can not be cracked if used correctly. The key used in a one-time pad is called a secret key.
- 10. Suppose consider three people Alice, Bob and Eve where Alice is the sender ,Bob is the receiver and Eve is the eavesdropper.
- 11. Advantages Unbreakable security. Future proof against Quantum Computing Attacks. Used to detect eavesdropping in quantum key distribution. No need for mathematical assumptions. Resistance to Brute-Force Attacks. Ideal for highly sensitive communications.
- 12. Disadvantages Setup is expensive. Signal is limited up to approx. 400km-500km. No protection against Denial-0f-Service(DoS) attacks. Hardware vulnerabilities. Integration challenges. Lack of standardization.
- 13. Future Scopes Quantum Internet Development. Integration with Post-Quantum Cryptography(PQC). Secure Cloud Computing & IoT Protection. Quantum Cryptography in Financial Transactions. AI and Quantum Cryptography Convergence. Standardization and Global Adoption.
- 14. Conclusion Quantum Cryptography is a major achievement in security engineering. Quantum Cryptography is set to revolutionize cybersecurity, but challenges like cost, scalability, and infrastructure development need to be addressed. As it gets implemented it will allow perfectly secure bank transactions, secret discussions for government officials, and well guarded trade secrets for industry.
- 15. Bibliography Risk, W.P.;Bethune, D.S. – “Quantum Cryptography – Using Auto compensating Fiber-Optic Interferometers.” Optics and Photonics News. id Quantique- “Quantis - OEM Datasheet.” v1.3, July 2004, http://www.idquantique.com. id Quantique- “White Paper – Random Numbers Generation using Quantum.” Version 2.0, August 2004. id Quantique- “White Paper – Understanding Quantum Cryptography.” Version 1.0, April 2005. Wikipedia community- “Quantum Cryptography.” https://en.m.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_cryptography
- 16. “ ” Thank You 😀