Quick & Dirty & MEAN
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This document provides an overview of MongoDB, a high-performance, open-source document database known for its scalability and flexible schema. It covers installation, basic operations, data types, and various tools associated with MongoDB while debunking common myths about its use. Key features, including its use of BSON, querying capabilities, and performance optimization through indexing and data replication, are explained throughout the document.
![Binary data aka BinData
Used to represent arrays of bytes
Somewhat like a ByteArray in Java or byte[] in C#
Can be used in equal comparisons
Other comparisons exist but might produce some
weird results](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/quickdirtymean-160521161732/85/Quick-Dirty-MEAN-35-320.jpg)
Quick & Dirty & MEAN
- 1. Quick & Dirty & MEAN 21 May 2016, Cowork South Bay Troy Miles
- 3. Text Want more? Follow me, new tutorials are announced on Twitter first: @therockncoder
- 5. Troy Miles Troy Miles aka the RocknCoder Over 36 years of programming experience Author of jQuery Essentials Speaker and writer on all things web & mobile [email protected] @therockncoder
- 6. Agenda Introduction to MongoDB Installing MongoDB Riding the BSON Enter the Mongo (part 1) BREAK The Other Mongo Apps Importing Data LUNCH Enter the Mongo (part 2) Indexing BREAK
- 7. Agenda (continue) Going Global MongoDB in Programs Advanced MongoDB MongoDB Tools MongoDB as a Service Exploring the MongoDB Website Summary
- 8. How to get the most out of this class Follow along Complete each exercise Ask questions and for clarification Don’t worry about asking questions, I like them Use what you’ve learned after the class is over
- 10. What is MongoDB? Cross-platform document database Developed by MongoDB Inc in 2007 Production ready since March 2010 Free and open-source The current version is 2.6.4
- 11. Top DB-Engines 1. Oracle 2. MySQL 3. MS SQL Server 4. PostgreSQL 5. MongoDB 6. DB2 7. MS Access 8. SQLite 9. Cassandra 10.Sybase ASE
- 13. Why? Document Database High Performance High Availability Easy Scalability
- 14. What is a Document? An ordered set of keys and values like JavaScript objects no duplicate keys allowed type and case sensitive field order is not important nor guaranteed
- 15. MongoDB Myths It is schema-less You don’t need to design db You can mix types, therefore you should
- 16. What’s Wrong with SQL? SQL was created by Edgar F. Codd in 1969 Oracle V2 introduced in 1979 MS SQL Server introduced in 1989 Most languages today are object-oriented SQL is column and row oriented
- 17. A Contact Manager first name last name home address work address mobile phone home phone
- 18. In SQL Person table Address table Phone number table Joins necessary to retrieve complete record
- 19. In MongoDB One collection holds it all Including the arrays No joins necessary
- 20. SQL MongoDB row document table collection database database joins none transactions none
- 22. Section Goals Get MongoDB installed on everyone’s laptop Run mongod command MongoDB is ready to go to work
- 23. www.mongodb.org This is the home of MongoDB The best place to download executables and drivers
- 24. Installation The current version is 3.2 Downloads available for Windows, Linux, Mac OSX, and Solaris 64-bit for all systems, 32-bit for Windows & Linux 32-bit is not recommended
- 25. Windows Determine your machine’s architecture (64 or 32 bit) wmic os get osarchitecture Download & run the MongoDB msi file Create the data directory md datadb Run MongoDB from a command window mongod
- 26. Mac OS X Open Terminal Extract the archive tar -zxvf mongodb-osx-x86_64-2.6.3.tgz Copy the files to the target directory mkdir -p mongodb cp -R -n mongodb-osx-x86_64-2.6.3/ mongodb
- 27. Mac OS X Create the data directory mkdir -p /data/db Run MongoDB mongod
- 28. Section Summary Everyone should have MongoDB installed MongoDB should be running in a terminal or command window
- 29. Riding the BSON
- 30. Section Goals Introduce the data types available in MongoDB Give a decent explanation of why MongoDB uses BSON and not JSON
- 31. BSON not JSON MongoDB uses its own variant of JSON Called Binary JSON or BSON Efficiency Traversability Performance
- 32. Data Types Double String Object Array Binary data Undefined Object id Boolean Date Null Reg Ex JavaScript Symbol 32 bit Integer Timestamp 64 bit Integer Min key Max key
- 33. Object An unordered set of name/value pairs The name is any valid string The name may be unquoted if it is not a reserved The value may be any of the other valid types including another object or an array
- 34. Array An ordered collection of values Begins and ends with square brackets The values can be any of the other types
- 35. Binary data aka BinData Used to represent arrays of bytes Somewhat like a ByteArray in Java or byte[] in C# Can be used in equal comparisons Other comparisons exist but might produce some weird results
- 36. Object id 12-byte BSON type 4 bytes for the number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970 3 bytes for the machine id 2 bytes for the process id 3 bytes for a counter which begins with a random
- 37. Date 64 bit Integer Not related to the Timestamp type Represents the number of milliseconds since 1 January 1970 Date has a time range of plus or minus 290 million years No chance of a Y2K problem anytime soon
- 38. Timestamp 64 bit Integer Not related to the Date type First 32 bits represents the seconds since Jan 1, 1970 Second 32 bits is an incrementing ordinal Within a mongod instance timestamps are unique
- 39. Regular Expression (Reg Ex) A string representing a JavaScript style regular expression Regular expressions give MongoDB the ability to do something like SQL LIKE operation
- 40. JavaScript A string representing a JavaScript program The program can be stored with or without scope Care should be used in executing JavaScript on the server side since it operates in the JavaScript shell
- 41. Limits A document has a max size of 16 MB Documents can’t be nest any more than a 100 levels The namespace which includes the database and collection names must be shorter than 123 No single collection can have more than 64 indexes
- 42. Section Summary MongoDB has all of the expected data types And a few surprising ones Exercise caution when JavaScript type
- 43. Enter the Mongo (part 1)
- 44. Section Goals Introduce the MongoDB Interactive Shell Work through some of the shells commands
- 45. The MongoDB Shell Allows interactions with a MongoDB instance A full-featured JavaScript interpreter Allows multiple line input
- 46. Enter the Mongo From the command or terminal window enter mongo and press enter You should see a greater than sign “>” You can exit the shell by entering exit
- 47. Commands Mongo has a lot of commands Some are global and operate against the environment Others refer only to databases and are preceded by db. There also commands which refer to a collection, they db.<Collection Name>.<command> The most important command is help
- 48. Creating a database To make sure we are all on the same page we are going to create a database named “m95” To create a database Enter: use m95 If you want to delete a database, you need to drop it, Enter db.dropDatabase() Be careful there is no confirmation
- 49. Inserting Documents Having a database is nice, nicer still is having data in it To insert data, db.<Collection Name>.insert(…) Don’t worry about the collection name, if it doesn’t exist, it will be created
- 50. Reading Documents In order to read the documents which we have created we need to use the find command db.<Collection Name>.find() In order to find just the documents we are looking for, we need to add a selector The simplest is the equality selector .find({key: value})
- 51. More selectors $ne - not equal $gt, $gte - greater than, greater than or equal to $lt, $lte - less than, less than or equal to $not - logical not
- 52. Deleting Documents remove - deletes documents Without a selector it will delete all documents in a collection - BE CAREFUL
- 53. Updating Documents .update({selector}, {data to update}) The update quirk .update({selector}, {$set, {data to update}});
- 54. Update Modifiers .update({selector}, {$inc: {data to increment}}) .update({selector}, {push: {data to push}})
- 55. Section Summary Everyone should know how to enter and exit the shell How to basic operations How to get help
- 56. The Other Mongo Apps
- 57. mongodump It backs up the data, it doesn’t dump it You must have the backup role Must have read access on the database Super simple - mongodump Creates a directory
- 58. mongorestore restores a backed up database Must have admin access and restore role mongorestore —port <port no#> <path to backup>
- 59. mongoexport Exports data in a MongoDB instance in either CSV or JSON format mongoexport —db <name> —collection <c name> — csv
- 60. mongoimport Imports JSON, CSV, or TSV files into mongod
- 61. mongostat A short status report of the currently running mongos mongostat
- 62. Importing Data
- 63. Enter the Mongo (part 2)
- 64. Advanced MongoDB
- 66. Indexing Indexes should support queries Use indexes to sort queries Indexes should fit into RAM Queries should ensure selectivity
- 67. Query Optimization Improves read operations by reducing data that the query needs to process
- 68. Profiler Collects data about MongoDB database commands Enabled per-database or per-instance basis Profile level is configurable (0, 1, or 2)
- 69. Stats db.stats() Statistics that reflect the use of a single DB Identifies: the current database the number of indexes the file size
- 70. Replication Keeps identical copies of data on multiple servers Set up by creating a replica set A replica set is a group of servers with one primary If primary crash, secondaries elect a new one
- 71. Sharding Process of splitting data up across machines Manual sharding can be with most database MongoDB has autosharding Nonetheless it is difficult to configure
- 72. MongoDB Tools
- 73. Tools MongoDB Shell (built-in) MongoDB Web Site (built-in) Robomongo (Mac, PC, Linux) http://mongodb-tools.com/
- 74. MongoDB as a Service
- 75. MongoDB as a Service Why? Setting up a remote database Switching between dev and production
- 76. MongoHQ https://www.mongohq.com/ Free developer's sandbox Includes web based data browser
- 77. MongoLab https://mongolab.com/welcome/ Free developer's sandbox Includes web based data browser
- 78. MongoDirector http://www.mongodirector.com/index.html Free 30 day trial Both public cloud and self-hosting supported
- 79. ObjectRocket http://www.objectrocket.com/ Plans from $19 a month / 1 GB Auto-sharding included Included daily backups
- 80. Summary MongoDB is an open-source document database It features JSON-style documents with dynamic schemas In order to gain performance, it sacrifices reliability