R programming Language
- 1. By – Sarthak Bhargava | 17100BTCSE01269 Topic : R - Programming Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya
- 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS • History • Introduction • R Basics • Download and Install R • GUI /IDE • Datatypes and Operators • Conditional Statements and Loops • Functions • Plotting • Features • Comparison with other programming languages • Merits / Advantages • Demerits / Disadvantages • Conclusion
- 3. History R is an implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics, inspired by Scheme. S was created by John Chambers in 1976, while at Bell Labs. There are some important differences, but much of the code written for S runs unaltered. R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team (of which Chambers is a member). R is named partly after the first names of the first two R authors and partly as a play on the name of S. The project was conceived in 1992, with an initial version released in 1995 and a stable beta version (v1.0) on 29th February, 2000.
- 4. Introduction R is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and dataanalysis. It compiles and runs on a wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and Mac OS. R can be downloaded and installed from CRAN website , CRAN stands for Comprehensive R Archive Network.
- 5. R Basics Download and Install R – 1. Download R from (direct download link) – https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/R-3.6.3-win.exe 2. Run exe file -> Select language -> Select Location -> Select Component -> Select startup option -> After installation click Finish GUI / IDE There are many GUI to use R language such as R studio, pycharm etc. For this ppt, I am going to use pycharm, To use R programming in pycharm Download and install R plugin and create R project. ( Images at Next Side)
- 6. Installation Pycharm IDE for R Programming
- 7. Datatypes in R and Operators R supports various basic Datatype such as Integer,Complex, Boolean, Character etc. and R also support some objects called R-Object which are – 1. Vectors -Vector is a sequence of data elements of the same basic type. 2. Lists – List is GenericVector. 3. Matrices – It is a collection of data elements arranged in a two-dimensional rectangular layout 4. Arrays – Arrays are the R data objects which can store data in more than two dimensions. 5. Factors – Factors are the data objects which are used to categorize the data and store it as levels.They can store both strings and integers. 6. Data Frames - A data frame is a table or a two-dimensional array-like structure in which each column contains values of one variable and each row contains one set of values from each column. R supports all operator (like other Programming languages) and have some more like “<-” which is also assignment operator
- 8. Conditional Statements / Control Statements – 1. If – An if statement consists of a Boolean expression followed by one or more statements. 2. if…..else – An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the Boolean expression is false. 3. switch – A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values. Loops – 1. repeat - Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable. 2. while - Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is true. It tests the condition before executing the loop body. 3. for - Like a while statement, except that it tests the condition at the end of the loop body. Control Statements and loops Control statements with output for loop with output while loop with outputrepeat loop with output
- 9. Functions An R function is created by using the keyword function. The basic syntax of an R function definition is as follows − function_name <- function(arg_1,arg_2 , …..){ Function_body return_value } The different parts of a function are − 1. Function Name − This is the actual name of the function. It is stored in R environment as an object with this name. 2. Arguments − An argument is a placeholder. When a function is invoked, you pass a value to the argument. Arguments are optional; that is, a function may contain no arguments. Also arguments can have default values. 3. Function Body − The function body contains a collection of statements that defines what the function does. 4. Return Value − The return value of a function is the last expression in the function body to be evaluated. Some of R built-in functions are – 1. c() – This is a generic function which combines its arguments. 2. seq() – Create Sequence of Number 3. mean() – Give mean of argument 4. sum() – Give Sum of arguments 5. plot() – Plot graph of argument
- 10. Plotting Example
- 11. As stated earlier, R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting. The following are the important features of R − • R is a well-developed, simple and effective programming language which includes conditionals, loops, user defined recursive functions and input and output facilities. • R has an effective data handling and storage facility, • R provides a suite of operators for calculations on arrays, lists, vectors and matrices. • R provides a large, coherent and integrated collection of tools for data analysis. • R provides graphical facilities for data analysis and display either directly at the computer or printing at the papers. Features of R
- 12. Comparison with other languages R Python Java First appeared in 1993 First appeared in 1991 First appeared in 1995 It has more functions and packages. It has less functions and packages. It has large number of inbuilt functions and packages. It is an interpreter base language It is an interpreter base language. It is interpreter and compiled based language. It is statistical design and graphics Programming language. It is general purpose language It is general purpose Programming language designed for web applications It is difficult to learn and understand. It is easy to understand.. It is easy to learn and understand. R is mostly use for data analysis. Generic programming, tasks such as design of softwares. Java is mostly used in design of windows applications and web
- 13. Merits / Advantages 1. Open Source 2. Exemplary Support for Data Wrangling 3. The Array of Packages 4. Quality Plotting and Graphing 5. Highly Compatible 6. Platform Independent 7. Eye-Catching Reports 8. Machine Learning Operations 9. Statistics 10. Continuously Growing
- 14. Demerits / Disadvantages 1. Weak Origin 2. Data Handling 3. Basic Security 4. Complicated Language 5. Lesser Speed 6. Spread Across various Packages
- 15. Conclusion • R is a OOPs Programming language which is mostly used by data analytics and data scientists. • R is Interpreted language having some syntax of java as well as Python. • R supports all datatype and supports different data-structures called R-objects • R is mostly used for Plotting Purposes. • R mostly use Functions and packages. At last R provides us an Eye-Catching Reports and can easily plot graph of given data which is easy to read and understand, this is also a reason why it is soo popular,
- 16. Thank You