Raster Scan display
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Raster scanning is a process used in television and computer graphics where an image is captured and reconstructed by systematically scanning across it in horizontal lines from top to bottom. Each line, called a scan line, is transmitted as an analog signal or divided into discrete pixels. Pixels are stored in a refresh buffer and then "painted" onto the screen one row at a time, with the beam returning to the left side during horizontal retrace and to the top left for vertical retrace between frames. Raster scanning provides realistic images but at the cost of lower resolution compared to random scanning systems.
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3. Code examples are given with each answer to demonstrate the concepts practically.
TY.BSc.IT Java QB U2
TY.BSc.IT Java QB U2Lokesh Singrol The document contains questions and answers related to Java Swing components. It discusses how to divide a JFrame into two parts using a JSplitPane. It also explains features of Swing like being truly cross-platform, fully customizable, using JavaBeans components, and having no framework lock-in. Examples are provided for various Swing components like JProgressBar, JTree, JTabbedPane, JScrollPane and how to create menus in Java.
Project black book TYIT
Project black book TYITLokesh Singrol Here is My final year project Black Book copy for all Final year TY's student. just for a hint how the black book should make. hope this will help you guys for the final year project ;)
(There are many mistakes in this document (uploaded old document), correct them as in your project if referencing this document, can't change document and reupload. mistakes eg, flows in diagram, unwanted content description and many more. i just want to give some ideas that what all content should be there in your Black Book(correct content)).
Tip: try to understant code and do your best and present well even if project is incomplete or not working(just explain functionality and some code(orally i.e don't show code if not asked :) )).
Thank you.
Computer institute website(TYIT project)
Computer institute website(TYIT project)Lokesh Singrol BSC-IT students !.. just get an idea from this ppt. how to make your final year project. This ppt doesn't content full project synopsis.
Internet of Things
Internet of ThingsLokesh Singrol The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT), which was coined in 1999 and involves connecting devices like sensors to the internet to collect and exchange data. IoT is used across various industries like manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, and energy management. While IoT provides benefits like automation, monitoring, and better quality of life, it also faces challenges with compatibility, complexity, privacy/security, safety, and its impact on employment as technology takes more control.
Top Technology product failure
Top Technology product failureLokesh Singrol The document discusses several major technology product failures from the last 20 years, including Google Wave, Nokia N-Gage, Windows Vista, Microsoft Kin, Google Glass, and Google Buzz. For each failure, it provides 1-2 sentences summarizing the key reasons for why the product failed to gain widespread adoption in the market. Specifically, it notes issues like limited functionality, unintuitive interfaces, slow performance, lack of apps/games, and the products being overshadowed by stronger competitors. The document aims to analyze the root causes of failure for each product.
HP Software Testing project (Advanced)
HP Software Testing project (Advanced)Lokesh Singrol The document discusses HP Unified Functional Testing (UFT), a software testing tool. It describes UFT as providing functional and regression test automation that enables testing functionality across multiple layers like the GUI and backend services. The document also outlines different types of testing UFT supports, including manual testing, automated testing, and GUI testing using a keyword-driven approach. Additionally, it provides steps for working with the UFT tool, including recording tests, generating scripts, running tests and checking results.
Testing project (basic)
Testing project (basic)Lokesh Singrol The document discusses HP Software Testing Project. It defines software testing as executing a program to find errors and verify requirements are met. There are two types of testing: manual testing where a tester prepares and executes test cases, and automated testing using scripts for minimal human intervention. Unified Functional Testing (UFT) allows testing across GUI and backend layers. UFT uses keyword-driven testing to enhance test creation and maintenance. The document also discusses test scripts, application lifecycles, load testing with LoadRunner, and different LoadRunner components.
Computer institute Website(TYIT project)
Computer institute Website(TYIT project)Lokesh Singrol This document describes a website for a computer institute. It provides an overview of the website's functionality and requirements. The website allows students to access course notes and schedules, teachers to upload materials, and administrators to manage operations. It provides diagrams illustrating system components, user interactions, and data and process flows to achieve these functions.
Trees and graphs
Trees and graphsLokesh Singrol The document discusses various concepts related to trees and graphs including:
- Definitions of trees, rooted trees, subtrees, and tree traversal methods like preorder, inorder and postorder searches.
- Minimum spanning trees, algorithms to find them like Prim's and Kruskal's, and definitions of spanning trees.
- Definitions of graphs, types of graphs, Euler's formula, planar graphs, Hamiltonian graphs, and graph isomorphism.
behavioral model (DFD & state diagram)
behavioral model (DFD & state diagram)Lokesh Singrol This document discusses data flow diagrams (DFDs). It provides background that DFDs were proposed by Larry Constantine in the 1970s and became a popular way to visualize the major steps and data involved in software system processes. A DFD uses graphical representations to show the flow of data through a system using various symbols like processes, data stores, external entities, and data flows. It depicts the end-to-end processing of data through a system by showing the input, process, and output.
Desktop system,clustered system,Handheld system
Desktop system,clustered system,Handheld systemLokesh Singrol Desktop systems continue to decrease in size and cost. They contain electronic and electromechanical components like motherboards, memories, input and output devices that allow them to run various operating systems. Clustering allows closely linked computer systems to share storage over a LAN, providing high-availability services. There are asymmetric and symmetric clustered systems that have features like node-to-node connectivity and support for LANs and WANs. Mobile computing devices like PDAs and smartphones can connect to networks and the internet but have limited size, memory and display compared to desktop systems.
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- 2. • A raster scan, or raster scanning, is the rectangular pattern of image capture and reconstruction in television. • It is a systematic process of covering the area progressively, one line at a time. • Although often a great deal faster, it is similar in the most-general sense to how one's gaze travels when one reads lines of text.
- 3. In a raster scan, an image is subdivided into a sequence of (usually horizontal) strips known as "scan lines". Each scan line can be transmitted in the form of an analog signal as it is read from the video source, as in television systems, or can be further divided into discrete pixels for processing in a computer system. This ordering of pixels by rows is known as raster order, or raster scan order.
- 4. Raster: A rectangular array of points or dots Pixel: One dot or picture element of the raster Scan Line: A row of pixels
- 5. In a raster scan system, the electron beam is swept across the screen, one row at a time from top to bottom.
- 6. Picture definition is stored in a memory area called the refresh buffer or frame buffer.
- 7. Stored intensity values then retrieved from refresh buffer and “painted” on the screen one row (scan line) at a time.
- 8. Horizontal retrace: The return to the left of the screen, after refreshing each scan line.
- 9. Vertical retrace: At the end of each frame the electron beam returns to the top left corner of the screen to begin the next frame.
- 10. Raster graphics cannot be scaled to a higher resolution without loss of apparent quality.
- 13. Raster Scan System Random Scan System Resolution It has poor or less Resolution It has High Resolution Electron- Beam Electron Beam is directed from top to bottom and one row at a time on screen, but electron beam is directed to whole screen. Electron Beam is directed to only that part of screen where picture is required to be drawn, one line at a time so also called Vector Display. Cost It is less expensive It is Costlier Refresh Rate Refresh rate is 60 to 80 frame per second. Refresh Rate is 30 to 60 times per second. Picture Definition It Stores picture definition in Refresh Buffer also called Frame Buffer. It Stores picture definition as a set of line commands called Refresh Display File. Line Drawing Zig – Zag line Smooth line Realism in display It contains shadow, advance shading and hidden surface technique so gives the realistic display of scenes. It does not contain shadow and hidden surface technique so it can not give realistic display of scenes. Image Drawing It uses Pixels along scan lines for drawing an image. It is designed for line drawing applications and uses various mathematical function to draw.
- 14. Advantages • produce realistic images • also produced different colors • and shadows scenes. Disadvantages • low resolution • expensive • electron beam directed to whole screen