raynauds.pptx

raynauds.pptx

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  DR.M.Shahid Shabbir DPT.MS,NMPT ( NEUROMUSCULARREHAB SPECIALIST ) DPT lecturer and clinical incharge ZIHS
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  Raynaud's (ray-NOHZ) disease •Raynaud's (ray-NOHZ) disease causes some areas of your body — such as your fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress. In Raynaud's disease, smaller arteries that supply blood to your skin narrow, limiting blood circulation to affected areas (vasospasm). • Women are more likely than men to have Raynaud's disease
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  Symptoms
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  Primary vs. secondaryRaynaud's • There are two main types of the condition. • Primary Raynaud's. Also called Raynaud's disease, this most common form isn't the result of an associated medical condition. It can be so mild that many people with primary Raynaud's don't seek treatment. And it can resolve on its own. • Secondary Raynaud's. Also called Raynaud's phenomenon, this form is caused by an underlying problem. Although secondary Raynaud's is less common than the primary form, it tends to be more serious. • Signs and symptoms of secondary Raynaud's usually appear around age 40, later than they do for primary Raynaud's.
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  Causes of Raynaud's •Connective tissue diseases • Diseases of the arteries • Carpal tunnel syndrome • Repetitive action or vibration. • Smoking • Injuries to the hands or feet • Certain medications (beta blockers chemotherapy agents)
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  Risk factors Risk factorsfor primary Raynaud's include: • Sex. More women than men are affected. • Age. Although anyone can develop the condition, primary Raynaud's often begins between the ages of 15 and 30. • Climate. The disorder is also more common in people who live in colder climates. • Family history. A first-degree relative — a parent, sibling or child — having the disease appears to increase your risk of primary Raynaud's.
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  Risk factors forsecondary Raynaud's include • Associated diseases. These include conditions such as scleroderma and lupus. • Certain occupations. These include jobs that cause repetitive trauma, such as operating tools that vibrate. • Exposure to certain substances. This includes smoking, taking medications that affect the blood vessels and being exposed to certain chemicals, such as vinyl chloride.
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  Prevention To help preventRaynaud's attacks: • Bundle up outdoors. When it's cold, don a hat, scarf, socks and boots, and two layers of mittens or gloves before you go outside. Wear a coat with snug cuffs to go around your mittens or gloves, to prevent cold air from reaching your hands. • Use chemical hand warmers. Wear earmuffs and a face mask if the tip of your nose and your earlobes are sensitive to cold. • Warm your car. Run your car heater for a few minutes before driving in cold weather. • Take precautions indoors. Wear socks. When taking food out of the refrigerator or freezer, wear gloves, mittens or oven mitts. Some people find it helpful to wear mittens and socks to bed during winter. • Because air conditioning can trigger attacks, set your air conditioner to a warmer temperature. Use insulated drinking glasses.
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  Diagnosis OR Investigations •Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history and conduct a physical examination. Your doctor might also run tests to rule out other medical problems that can cause similar signs and symptoms
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  nail fold capillaroscopy •To distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud's, your doctor might perform a test called nail fold capillaroscopy. During the test, the doctor examines the skin at the base of your fingernail under a microscope or magnifier for deformities or enlargement of the tiny blood vessels (capillaries)
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  • If yourdoctor suspects that another condition, such as an autoimmune or connective tissue disease, underlies Raynaud's, he or she will likely order blood tests, such as • Antinuclear antibodies test. • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. • No one blood test can diagnose Raynaud's
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  Treatment • Dressing forthe cold in layers and wearing gloves or heavy socks usually are effective in dealing with mild symptoms of Raynaud's. Medications are available to treat more-severe forms of the condition. • Calcium channel blockers. nifedipine • Vasodilators. nitroglycerin cream
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  Surgeries and medicalprocedures • Nerve surgery. Sympathetic nerves in your hands and feet control the opening and narrowing of blood vessels in your skin Cutting these nerves interrupts their exaggerated responses. • Chemical injection. Doctors can inject chemicals such as local anesthetics or type A (Botox) to block sympathetic nerves in affected hands or feet. You might need to have the procedure repeated if symptoms return or persist.