Real World Rails Deployment

Jun 17, 2012Download as PPT, PDF4 likes1,973 views

This document discusses various options for deploying Rails applications in production environments, including Platform as a Service (PaaS) options like Heroku, shared web hosting, virtual private servers, and infrastructure as a service providers like Amazon Web Services. It also covers selecting and configuring a web server (Nginx or Apache), Rails application servers (Unicorn, Thin, Passenger), and deployment tools like Capistrano. The ideal scalable architecture uses a content delivery network, load balancers, and multiple application servers behind a reverse proxy like Nginx.

Deployment Options

• Heroku - PaaS

• Shared Web Hosting

• Virtual Private Server

• Amazon Web Services - IaaS

Heroku - PaaS

• No setup & no system administration
- Easy to deploy

• Free when using one web process
- Pay as you scale

• App will idle after inactivity if only using one
process (“dyno”)

• Additional “dyno” + database > 5MB is
$50/month

Shared Web Hosting

• Cheap - $5 to $10 per month

• Web hosting control panel (i.e. cPanel) to
configure web server & web application

• Limited to what is on the server

• Not recommended
- Constrained by CPU usage

Virtual Private Server
• Starts at around $25 per month

• Extremely flexible, can load anything you want

• System administration knowledge required
- Must maintain server

• Good for one or two standalone servers

Amazon Web Services - IaaS
• Building a virtual data center
• Netflix runs on AWS

• Can load instances with a pre-built O/S

• Pay as you scale

• Most expensive option

Running Rails

• WEBrick should only be used in a
development environment

• Need a web server to handle static
requests
- Images, HTML, JavaScript, CSS

• Need a Ruby web application server to
handle Rails requests (i.e. Unicorn,
Thin, or Passenger)

Web Server

• Apache & Nginx the two most popular
choices

• Rack is used as an interface between
the web server and Rails

Apache

• Most popular web server and has the
many options & features

• Process-based web server

• Good for handling dynamic content via
modules

Nginx

• Light weight web server that only
handles static content

• Event-based web server

• Low memory usage

Apache or Nginx

• Pick one - either works

• Nginx better on a VPS because of low
memory usage

• Apache is full-featured

• Nginx does a few things well

Rails Web App Servers

• Phusion Passenger, Thin, and Unicorn
currently the most widely used Rails app
servers

• Can be installed as a web server plugin
or as a separate Ruby Gem

Phusion Passenger

• Acts as an Apache or Nginx module

• Philosophy – same as Rails (DRY,
convention over configuration)

• Easy to deploy & maintain
- No separate configuration file

Thin

• Event based Rails server

• Philosophy – tiny, fast, and secure

• Used by Heroku

Unicorn

• Process-based Rails server

• Philosophy – Unicorn is Unix

• Used by Twitter & GitHub

Which One?

• People have built scalable sites with all
three

• Thin & Unicorn need configuration,
Passenger does not

• Performance depends on the
application
- “Hello World” apps not useful for profiling

Capistrano

•Tool for deploying Rails (or Rack)
applications

•Similar in structure to Rakefile

What Does a Scalable Site
Architecture Look Like?
Content Delivery Network

Nginx SSL

HA Proxy

Nginx Nginx Nginx
+ + +
Unicorn Unicorn Unicorn

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Real World Rails Deployment

1. Real World Rails Deployment Alan Hecht

2. Deployment Options • Heroku - PaaS • Shared Web Hosting • Virtual Private Server • Amazon Web Services - IaaS

3. Heroku - PaaS • No setup & no system administration - Easy to deploy • Free when using one web process - Pay as you scale • App will idle after inactivity if only using one process (“dyno”) • Additional “dyno” + database > 5MB is $50/month

4. Shared Web Hosting • Cheap - $5 to $10 per month • Web hosting control panel (i.e. cPanel) to configure web server & web application • Limited to what is on the server • Not recommended - Constrained by CPU usage

5. Virtual Private Server • Starts at around $25 per month • Extremely flexible, can load anything you want • System administration knowledge required - Must maintain server • Good for one or two standalone servers

6. Amazon Web Services - IaaS • Building a virtual data center • Netflix runs on AWS • Can load instances with a pre-built O/S • Pay as you scale • Most expensive option

7. Running Rails • WEBrick should only be used in a development environment • Need a web server to handle static requests - Images, HTML, JavaScript, CSS • Need a Ruby web application server to handle Rails requests (i.e. Unicorn, Thin, or Passenger)

8. Web Server • Apache & Nginx the two most popular choices • Rack is used as an interface between the web server and Rails

9. Apache • Most popular web server and has the many options & features • Process-based web server • Good for handling dynamic content via modules

10. Nginx • Light weight web server that only handles static content • Event-based web server • Low memory usage

11. Apache or Nginx • Pick one - either works • Nginx better on a VPS because of low memory usage • Apache is full-featured • Nginx does a few things well

12. Rails Web App Servers • Phusion Passenger, Thin, and Unicorn currently the most widely used Rails app servers • Can be installed as a web server plugin or as a separate Ruby Gem

13. Phusion Passenger • Acts as an Apache or Nginx module • Philosophy – same as Rails (DRY, convention over configuration) • Easy to deploy & maintain - No separate configuration file

14. Thin • Event based Rails server • Philosophy – tiny, fast, and secure • Used by Heroku

15. Unicorn • Process-based Rails server • Philosophy – Unicorn is Unix • Used by Twitter & GitHub

16. Nginx + Unicorn Architecture

17. Sample Nginx Configuration

18. Which One? • People have built scalable sites with all three • Thin & Unicorn need configuration, Passenger does not • Performance depends on the application - “Hello World” apps not useful for profiling

19. Capistrano •Tool for deploying Rails (or Rack) applications •Similar in structure to Rakefile

20. Sample Capistrano Script

21. What Does a Scalable Site Architecture Look Like? Content Delivery Network Nginx SSL HA Proxy Nginx Nginx Nginx + + + Unicorn Unicorn Unicorn

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