Recent Techniques in agriculture and horticulture for Punjab India
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This document discusses recent agricultural techniques used in Punjab, India. It provides information on cropping patterns, crop yields, and challenges faced by farmers in the state. It then describes several advanced technologies that are helping to address these challenges, including crop rotation, use of resistant varieties, soil solarization, biofertilizers, raised bed cultivation, mulching, micro-irrigation, protected cultivation, and mechanization. The document emphasizes how these new techniques can improve productivity, efficiency of inputs, and resilience to climate change impacts for farmers in Punjab.
Recent Techniques in agriculture and horticulture for Punjab India
- 1. Recent Techniques In Agriculture and Horticulture Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission By Nikhil Ambish Mehta Research Officer , PSFC cum H.D.O
- 2. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission About Punjab • State with only 1.53% of the total geographical area of the country produces about 19% of wheat and 11% rice and 5% of cotton, 10% of milk, 20% of honey and 48% of mushroom in the country. • State has highest irrigated area i.e 99.9% and highest cropping intensity i.e 206%. • The total food grains in the state have increased from 3.11 million MT in 1960-61 to 28.41 million MT in 2017-18. • State has been contributing about 30-35%of wheat and 25-30% of rice to the central pool for last four decades and has earned a name of ‘Granary of India’. • State produces about 2.3% of rice, 2.4% of wheat and 1% of cotton of the world.
- 3. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission CLU pattern & Cropping Intensity Land use 1965-66 1985-86 2005-06 2010-11 2020-21 Forest Land 1.7 5.1 5.7 5.8 5.0 Barren Land 8.2 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 Non-Agricultural Land 6.5 9.0 9.6 10.0 10.0 Culturable waste Land 2.0 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 Fallow Land 4.9 1.8 1.1 0.07 0.07 Net Sown Area 75.7 82.6 82.9 83.1 81.9 Changes in Land Use Pattern in Punjab during 1965 to 2020 (%) Sr. No Years 1965-66 1985-86 2005-06 2010-11 2020-21 1 Cropping Intensity 127.2 171.4 188.7 189.5 206 Changes in Intensity of Cropping in Punjab: 1965 -66 to 2010-11 (%)
- 4. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Changes in Cropping Pattern in Punjab: 1965 to 2020 (%) Crops 1965-66 1985-86 2005-06 2010-11 2020-21 Rice (Paddy + Basmati) 5.4 24.2 33.6 35.85 76.28 Wheat 30.7 43.8 44.1 44.53 85.48 Grams 9.8 1.4 0.05 0.03 0.04 Maize 7.7 4.2 1.9 1.68 0.05 Cotton 8.9 7.7 7.0 6.12 6.02 Sugarcane 3.3 1.4 1.1 0.88 2.21 Pulses 13.4 2.5 0.3 0.21 0.70 Oilseeds 4.2 2.2 0.8 0.33 1.43 Fodder 14.7 12.2 8.8 7.9 21.0 Horticulture Crops 3.6 4.3 5.3 6.58 9.74
- 5. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission MSP of different Crops Crops Variety 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 KHARIF CROPS PADDY Common 1000 1080 1250 1310 1360 1410 1470 1550 1750 1815 1868 Grade 'A' 1030 1110 1280 1345 1400 1450 1510 1590 1770 1835 1888 MAIZE 880 980 1175 1310 1310 1325 1365 1425 1700 1760 1850 MOONG 3170 3500 4400 4500 4600 4850 5225 5575 6975 7050 7196 COTTON Medium Staple 2500 2800 3600 3700 3750 3800 3860 4020 5150 5255 5515 Long Staple 3000 3300 3900 4000 4050 4100 4160 4320 5450 5550 5825 Ground nut 2300 2700 3700 4000 4000 4030 4220 4450 4890 5090 5275 Sunflower 2350 2800 3700 3700 3750 3800 3950 4100 5388 5650 5885 RABICROPS WHEAT 1120 1285 1350 1400 1450 1525 1625 1735 1840 1925 1975 BARLEY - 780 980 980 1100 1150 1225 1325 1410 1440 1525 1600 GRAM - 2100 2800 3000 3100 3175 3500 4000 4400 4620 4875 5100 MASUR (LENTIL) - 2250 2800 2900 2950 3075 3400 3950 4250 4475 4800 5100 Mustard - 1850 2500 3000 3050 3100 3350 3700 4000 4200 4425 4650 TORIA - 1780 2425 2970 3020 3020 3290 3560 3900 4190 4425 4650
- 6. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Kharif Enterprise Budget by PAU Crops Duration of Crop (Months) Average Yield (q/acre Gross Return (Rs/acre) Total Variable Costs ( Rs/acre) Returns over Variable Costs (Rs/acre) Paddy 4 - 5 30 53100 20282 32818 Basmati 5- 6 14 47495 20643 26852 Maize 3 - 4 20 36400 18012 18388 Bt. Cotton 6 10 56825 28123 28702 Desi Cotton 6 10 53360 21425 31935 SugarCane 10 351 115560 64892 50668 SugarCane Ratoon 10 263 87830 34696 53134 Ground Nut 3 - 4 10 50050 20993 29057 Bajra 3 - 4 15 32400 13813 18587 Moong 2 - 3 4.4 31650 13679 17971 Mash 2 - 3 3.6 21360 13212 8148 Arhar 4 -5 5.3 33828 14862 18966
- 7. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Problems & Challenges in Production • Crop Selection • Variety selection • Germination issues of seeds • Seed sowing and transplanted nursery issues • Labor intensive Harvesting • Sensitive to climate Change (Sunlight/Temperature/Humidity/Rainfall/Frost • Irrigation and fertilizer application • Insect Pest Diseases • Protection from adverse climate- Rains Storm
- 8. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Advanced Technologies • Crop Roation • Selection of Resistant high yielding Varieties. • Mixed cropping and Multiple cropping • Soil Solarization • Use of Bio-culture in basal application • Raised Bed cultivation • Mulching Techniques for weed Management • Vegetables cultivation using Vertical support system. • Micro Irrigation & Fertigation (Drip and Sprinkler) • Nursery Production • Protected cultivation • Mechanization • Hydroponics/ Soilless cultivation
- 9. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Crop Rotations • Wheat- Paddy • Wheat - Cotton • Mustard/ Gram- Paddy • Potato – Moong/Mash – Paddy • Potato - Cucurbits- Paddy • Potato - Mentha-Paddy • Potato - WinterMaize /Silage mazie/ Baby Corn - Paddy • Late Orange Carrot- Cotton • Pea- Late Carrots-Tomato/brinals • Sugarcane - Moong • Turmeric - Moong • Onion/Garlic – Cotton • Low Tunnel Cucurbits vegetables – Paddy- Pea • Sugarcane Intercropping with vegetables
- 10. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Multiple cropping and Mixed cropping Okra with Coriander or radish
- 11. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Intercropping Mazie with Coriander/Cucurbits/beans
- 12. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Forest Garden
- 13. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Resistant Varieties 1. Heat Tolerate varieties 2. Short duration variety 3. Virus Resistant Varieties 4. Nematode Resistance (Using wild spp.) 5. Wilt resistant varieties 6. Exotic varieties 7. Processing Variety 8. Parthenocarpy-Seedless (cucumber, Brinjal, Melons) 9. Biofortification- Fe, Zn, Golden rice
- 14. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Soil Solarization •To control Soil born Insect pest problem •Recommended in May June •Soil temperatures raised to more than 50 degree C. •Using transparent polysheet 20 micron •Steam sterilization with soil solarization
- 15. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Bio-Control in Basal Application Sr.No Name of Technical product Brand Name Dosage 1 Trichoderma harzianum De-Tricho 2 Liter per acre 2 Pseudomonas fluorescens De-Pseudo 2 Liter per acre 3 Paecilomyces lilacinus DEPACK or BioNematone 2 Liter per acre 4 Verticilum Chlamidospora Nematofree+ 2 Kg per acre 5 Phosphorus Solublising Bacteria PSB = De-Phos 2 Liter per acre 6 Potash Solublising Bacteria KSB = De-Potash 2 Liter per acre 7 Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza VAM = Rutoz 2 Liter per acre 8 Azotobacter (Nitro-Bacteria) DE-Nitro 2 Liter per acre 1. Mix the above Bio product with 200 kg Vermicopost and sprinkle water on it. 2. Cover the mixture with Gunny Bags for 2 Days 3. Above bio product can given through drenching with @ 5 ml per liter after one month interval
- 16. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Sowing of seed Seed size Seed Depth Soil Moisture Temperature Time of Sowing
- 17. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Bed Sowing of Wheat Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers Commission
- 18. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Bed sowing
- 19. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Mechnisation in Sowing – Carrot, Radish, Okra, Cole crops
- 20. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Sugarcane Nursery in Tray Cutting nodes and dipping with fungicide
- 21. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Sugarcane planting
- 22. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Ridge planting of Paddy/basmati
- 23. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Marker for Transplanting
- 24. Raised bed with drip Irrigation &Mulching
- 28. Onion crop on flood Irrigation Onion crop on Drip Irrigation Onion crop on Sprinkler Irrigation
- 29. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Sprinkler Irrigation Improved Control Over Flood and Furrow Irrigation Sensitive to wind Evaporation from soil and plant canopy Leaf-disease or Leaf-burns
- 30. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Fertigation With Mulching • Water Use Efficiency • Fertilizer Use Efficiency • Less Weeds & Less Weedicide • No Hoeing require • Reduce Labor cost & Inputs • Maintain Soil Temperature • Less Insect-Pest attack & Less pesticide • Less Fruit Rooting & • High Yield with Better Quality
- 31. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Zuchini/Squashes
- 32. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Plastic mulching in Vegetables with Drip Irrigation
- 33. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Cucurbits cultivation with vertical support
- 34. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Benefits of seedling 1. Plants less time to give fruits after transplant 2. Efficient use of water and Nutrients 3. Weed management 4. Uniform growth of plants 5. Good for Hybrid crops
- 35. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Seed to seedling in protrays
- 36. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Automatic Sowing of Different seed
- 37. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Artificial Climate Control Symptom
- 38. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Supply at Door Step
- 39. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Cold frames Mist propagationunit Shade Net-house for propagation Low tunnel Technology
- 40. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Effect of light intensity using shadenet of different colours
- 41. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Protected cultivation – Offseason cultivation
- 42. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Melon cultivation in Protected structure
- 44. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Mechanical Harvesting
- 45. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Hydroponics, Aeroponics and Aquaculture
- 46. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission NFT System
- 47. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Hydroponic cultivation in Punjab
- 48. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Ginger in Vertical farming under polyhouse Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers Commission
- 49. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Hi-Tech vegetable Centre,BirCharik, Moga Punjab Centre for Vegetables Production by Government of Punjab Centre of Excellence for Potato Dhogri Jalandhar, Punjab Centre of Excellence for Vegetables Kartarpur Jalandhar, Punjab Centre of Excellence for Fruit, Khanora , Hoshiarpur
- 50. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Using Solar Energy with Water Storage and Drip Irrigation 50
- 51. Punjab State Farmers’ and Farm Workers’ Commission Thank You M-7508018998 , [email protected]